Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast | |
|---|---|
| Костромская область | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | Central[1] |
| Economic region | Central[2] |
| Administrative center | Kostroma |
| Government | |
| • Body | Oblast Duma[3] |
| • Governor[5] | Igor Slyunyayev[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 60,100 km2 (23,200 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 47th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 667,562 |
| • Estimate (2018)[8] | 643,324 (−3.6%) |
| • Rank | 67th |
| • Density | 11/km2 (29/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 69.9% |
| • Rural | 30.1% |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [9]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-KOS |
| License plates | 44 |
| OKTMO ID | 34000000 |
| Official languages | Russian[10] |
| Website | http://adm44.ru |
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, Kostromskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma. Population: 667,562 (2010 Census).[7]
Major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev. Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. The oblast was detached from Yaroslavl Oblast in 1944.
The Governor of the oblast was Viktor Shershunov from 1997 until his death in a car crash on September 20, 2007. As of 2011, Igor Slyunyayev is the Governor.
History
From c. 300 CE the whole current area of Kostroma with exception the area east of River Unzha was part of historical Finno-Ugric peoples' lands, like the Merya people and their loose tribal confederation. There were at least 109 Merya settlements located in the area of which the most important below mentioned trading centers and important hill fortresses were later recorded by the Russians as the Russians founded towns in the late 9th to 12th centuries.
The oblast was formed on August 13, 1944.
Geography
Kostroma Oblast borders Vologda Oblast (N), Kirov Oblast (E), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (S), Ivanovo Oblast (W), and Yaroslavl Oblast (NW). The main rivers are the Volga and the Kostroma. Much of the area is covered by woods, making it one of the principal timber producing regions in Europe.
Administrative divisions
Economy
The main industrial sectors include the fuel, chemical and petrochemical, forest, woodworking (lumber, plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, and furniture), pulp and paper, food (alcoholic beverages and starch), light (linen, hemp, and jute fabrics; clothing, shoes, and knitted goods), building material, power and engineering excavators, machine tools, and equipment for the textile, chemical, food, and woodworking industries.[12]
The jewelry trade began developing in Kostroma in the 19th century. Engraving, silver niello (silver with black engraving), and ornaments with colored glass and enamel insets are some examples of the art. The largest center of the jewelry industry is the village of Krasnoe-on-Volga.
Agriculture
Agriculture is one of Kostroma Oblast's most important sectors. Rye, wheat, barley, and oats are grown here, and beekeeping and plant cultivation are expanding. Traditional flax cultivation and processing is reviving. However, agriculture in the region is mainly oriented towards livestock farming, e.g., beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. Agricultural land occupies 940,000 hectares in the Oblast, including 26,400 hectares allotted to individual farms and 551,000 hectares of cropland.[12]
Transport
Oblast is bound to other Russian regions by roads, railroads (6-7 hours from Moscow) and air routes. Kostroma Airport serves to let people fly regularly inside Oblast and unregularly to Moscow.
Demographics
Population: 667,562 (2010 Census);[7] 736,641 (2002 Census);[13] 809,882 (1989 Soviet census).[14]
- 2008
- Births: 7,867 (11.3 per 1000)
- Deaths: 12,576 (18.1 per 1000) [15]
Ethnic composition (2010):[7]
- Russians - 96.6%
- Ukrainians - 0.9%
- Others - 2.5%
- 23,194 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[16]
References
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Charter, Article 8.1.1
- ^ Official website of the Administration of Kostroma Oblast. Governor Template:Ru icon
- ^ Charter, Article 8.2
- ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ Charter, Article 6.1
- ^ a b Kostroma Region
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ http://stat.kostroma.ru/digital/nasel/default.aspx
- ^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
Sources
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №300-4-ЗКО от 24 апреля 2008 г. «Устав Костромской области», в ред. Закона №464-4-ЗКО от 13 апреля 2009 г. «О внесении поправок в Устав Костромской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней после дня официального публикования. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №66 (1314), 30 апреля 2008 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #300-4-ZKO of April 24, 2008 Charter of Kostroma Oblast, as amended by the Law #464-4-ZKO of April 13, 2009 On Amending the Charter of Kostroma Oblast. Effective as of the date ten days after the official publication date.).
External links
