RAC2

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)
	; PDB rendering based on 1ds6.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1DS6, 2W2T, 2W2V, 2W2X
Identifiers
Symbols	RAC2; EN-7; Gx; HSPC022
External IDs	OMIM: 602049 MGI: 97846 HomoloGene: 55699 GeneCards: RAC2 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• nucleotide binding; • GTPase activity; • GTP binding;
Cellular component	• intracellular; • membrane fraction; • nuclear envelope; • cytoplasm; • cytosol; • plasma membrane;
Biological process	• GTP catabolic process; • signal transduction; • small GTPase mediated signal transduction; • axon guidance; • blood coagulation; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process; • cell projection assembly; • actin cytoskeleton organization; • platelet activation; • bone resorption; • regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction; • regulation of respiratory burst;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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"Rac2" redirects here. For the second game in the Ratchet & Clank series, see Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando.

Rac2 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases.^[1] It is encoded by the gene RAC2.^[2]

Members of Rho family of GTPases appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases.^[2]

[edit] Interactions

Rac2 has been shown to interact with ARHGDIA^[3]^[4] and Nitric oxide synthase 2A.^[5]

[edit] See also

NADPH oxidase

[edit] References

^ Ridley A. (2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking". Trends Cell Biol 16 (10): 522–9. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006. ISSN 0962-8924. PMID 16949823.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: RAC2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5880.
^ Gorvel, J P; Chang T C, Boretto J, Azuma T, Chavrier P (January 1998). "Differential properties of D4/LyGDI versus RhoGDI: phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity". FEBS Lett. (NETHERLANDS) 422 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00020-9. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 9490022.
^ Fauré, J; Dagher M C (May 2001). "Interactions between Rho GTPases and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI)". Biochimie (France) 83 (5): 409–14. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01263-9. ISSN 0300-9084. PMID 11368848.
^ Kuncewicz, T; Balakrishnan P, Snuggs M B, Kone B C (August 2001). "Specific association of nitric oxide synthase-2 with Rac isoforms in activated murine macrophages". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. (United States) 281 (2): F326–36. ISSN 0363-6127. PMID 11457725.

[edit] Further reading

Mizuno T, Kaibuchi K, Ando S, et al. (1992). "Regulation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase by a small GTP-binding protein and its stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (15): 10215–8. PMID 1316893.
Reibel L, Dorseuil O, Stancou R, et al. (1991). "A hemopoietic specific gene encoding a small GTP binding protein is overexpressed during T cell activation.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175 (2): 451–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91585-Z. PMID 1902092.
Kinsella BT, Erdman RA, Maltese WA (1991). "Carboxyl-terminal isoprenylation of ras-related GTP-binding proteins encoded by rac1, rac2, and ralA.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (15): 9786–94. PMID 1903399.
Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, et al. (1989). "rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates.". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (28): 16378–82. PMID 2674130.
Kwong CH, Malech HL, Rotrosen D, Leto TL (1993). "Regulation of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase by rho-related G-proteins.". Biochemistry 32 (21): 5711–7. doi:10.1021/bi00072a029. PMID 8504089.
Courjal F, Chuchana P, Theillet C, Fort P (1997). "Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras-related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes.". Genomics 44 (2): 242–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4871. PMID 9299243.
Gorvel JP, Chang TC, Boretto J, et al. (1998). "Differential properties of D4/LyGDI versus RhoGDI: phosphorylation and rho GTPase selectivity.". FEBS Lett. 422 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00020-9. PMID 9490022.
Dai Q, Choy E, Chiu V, et al. (1998). "Mammalian prenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase is in the endoplasmic reticulum.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (24): 15030–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.24.15030. PMID 9614111.
Ahmed S, Prigmore E, Govind S, et al. (1998). "Cryptic Rac-binding and p21(Cdc42Hs/Rac)-activated kinase phosphorylation sites of NADPH oxidase component p67(phox).". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15693–701. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15693. PMID 9624165.
Faris SL, Rinckel LA, Huang J, et al. (1998). "Phagocyte NADPH oxidase p67-phox possesses a novel carboxylterminal binding site for the GTPases Rac2 and Cdc42.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247 (2): 271–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8775. PMID 9642115.
Zhang B, Zheng Y (1998). "Negative regulation of Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac2 by homodimer formation.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25728–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25728. PMID 9748241.
Nishihara H, Kobayashi S, Hashimoto Y, et al. (1999). "Non-adherent cell-specific expression of DOCK2, a member of the human CDM-family proteins.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1452 (2): 179–87. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(99)00133-0. PMID 10559471.
Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
Scheffzek K, Stephan I, Jensen ON, et al. (2000). "The Rac-RhoGDI complex and the structural basis for the regulation of Rho proteins by RhoGDI.". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (2): 122–6. doi:10.1038/72392. PMID 10655614.
Ambruso DR, Knall C, Abell AN, et al. (2000). "Human neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an inhibitory Rac2 mutation.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4654–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.080074897. PMC 18288. PMID 10758162. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18288.
Williams DA, Tao W, Yang F, et al. (2000). "Dominant negative mutation of the hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, Rac2, is associated with a human phagocyte immunodeficiency.". Blood 96 (5): 1646–54. PMID 10961859.
Tamura M, Kai T, Tsunawaki S, et al. (2000). "Direct interaction of actin with p47(phox) of neutrophil NADPH oxidase.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276 (3): 1186–90. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3598. PMID 11027608.
Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, et al. (2001). "Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.". Genome Res. 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=310934.
Lapouge K, Smith SJ, Walker PA, et al. (2000). "Structure of the TPR domain of p67phox in complex with Rac.GTP.". Mol. Cell 6 (4): 899–907. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(05)00091-2. PMID 11090627.
Tarricone C, Xiao B, Justin N, et al. (2001). "The structural basis of Arfaptin-mediated cross-talk between Rac and Arf signalling pathways.". Nature 411 (6834): 215–9. doi:10.1038/35075620. PMID 11346801.