Zaporizhzhia

Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E / 47.85000; 35.11750
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Zaporizhzhia
Запоріжжя
City
Ukrainian transcription(s)
 • NationalZaporizhzhia
 • ALA-LCZaporiz͡hz͡hi͡a
 • BGN/PCGNZaporizhzhya
 • ScholarlyZaporižžja
From top to bottom and left to right:
Flag of Zaporizhzhia
Flag
Coat of arms of Zaporizhzhia
Coat of arms
Zaporizhzhia Oblast (yellow) with the City of Zaporizhzhia (orange)
Zaporizhzhia Oblast (yellow) with the City of Zaporizhzhia (orange)
Zaporizhzhia is located in Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia is located in Ukraine
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia
Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E / 47.85000; 35.11750
Country Ukraine
Oblast Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Founded952
City rights1806
Raions
7
Government
 • MayorAnatoliy Kurtyev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1]
Area
 • Total334 km2 (129 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total722,713
 • Density1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi)
 • 2001[2]
817,900
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
69xxx
Area code+380 61(2)
ClimateDfa
Map

Zaporizhzhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, lit. 'Beyond the Rapids') or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье) is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper river. It is the administrative centre of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast (region).[3] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 as of 1 January 2022.

Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia; multiple power stations including Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (the largest nuclear power station in Europe), Zaporizhzhia thermal power station and Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.

Names and etymology

See also: Dnieper Rapids and Zaporizhzhia (region)

Renderings of the name include: Zaporizhzhia,[4] Zaporizhia, or Zaporizhzhya, pronounced UK: /ˌzæpɒˈrɪʒjə/, US: /ˌzɑːpəˈriːʒ(j)ə/, from Ukrainian: Запорі́жжя, IPA: [zɐpoˈr⁽ʲ⁾iʒːɐ] ⓘ. Also Zaporozhye, US: /ˌzɑːpəˈroʊʒə/, from Russian: Запоро́жье, IPA: [zəpɐˈroʐjɪ]).

The name Zaporizhzhia literally refers to the position of the city located "beyond the rapids" – down-river or south of the Dnieper River rapids, formerly a major impediment to navigation and the site of important portages (in 1932, the rapids on the Dnieper river were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station).[5]

Before it was changed in 1921, the city's name was Aleksandrovsk (Russian: Алекса́ндровск [ɐlʲɪˈksandrəfsk]) or Oleksandrivsk (Ukrainian: Олекса́ндрівськ [olekˈsɑnd⁽ʲ⁾r⁽ʲ⁾iu̯sʲk]) after the name of a fortress (Russian: Александровская крепость, romanized: Aleksandrovskaya krepost; Ukrainian: Олександрівська фортеця, romanized: Oleksandrivska fortetsia) that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.

History

Main article: History of Zaporizhzhia

Geography

The city is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper river splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[6]

There are two streams around Khortytsia island; New and Old Dnieper. The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. There are also several small rivers in the city, which enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].

The flora of Khortytsia island is unique and diverse due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. Khortytsia Island is a national park. The island surface is cut by large ravines ("balka"), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island is a very popular recreational area for both kids and adults. There are a large number of sanatoriums, resorts and health centres. There are also sandy beaches with swimming access. [7]

Climate

Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		24.0
(75.2) 		31.4
(88.5) 		35.9
(96.6) 		36.5
(97.7) 		39.5
(103.1) 		40.2
(104.4) 		35.9
(96.6) 		35.0
(95.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.0
(60.8) 		40.2
(104.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		1.2
(34.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		26.6
(79.9) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.0
(84.2) 		22.7
(72.9) 		14.7
(58.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		14.8
(58.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		3.0
(37.4) 		10.5
(50.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		16.7
(62.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.9
(51.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		17.1
(62.8) 		16.4
(61.5) 		11.3
(52.3) 		5.5
(41.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		5.5
(41.9)
Record low °C (°F) −29.3
(−20.7) 		−26.1
(−15.0) 		−25
(−13) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−2
(28) 		3.9
(39.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−3
(27) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−26.2
(−15.2) 		−29.3
(−20.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		37
(1.5) 		41
(1.6) 		51
(2.0) 		61
(2.4) 		45
(1.8) 		44
(1.7) 		38
(1.5) 		34
(1.3) 		40
(1.6) 		53
(2.1) 		515
(20.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 7
(2.8) 		8
(3.1) 		4
(1.6) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		3
(1.2) 		8
(3.1)
Average rainy days 10 8 11 12 13 13 10 8 10 11 13 11 130
Average snowy days 14 14 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 13 58
Average relative humidity (%) 85.2 82.4 77.6 67.2 63.1 66.0 63.6 62.1 68.5 75.5 84.3 86.1 73.5
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[8]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[9]
The Zaporizhzhia regional administration building
The Zaporizhzhia city council building

Governance

See also: List of mayors of Zaporizhzhia

Zaporizhzhia is a regional seat of Zaporizhzhia Oblast and a city of regional significance meaning that it has a form of self-rule within the oblast (region).

Administrative subdivision

The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.

  1. Oleksandrivsky
  2. Zavodsky
  3. Komunarsky
  4. Dniprovsky
  5. Voznesenivsky
  6. Khortytsky
  7. Shevchenkivsky


The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[10]

№ Raion Population Percent of Total
1 Oleksandrivsky 68,666 9.06
2 Zavodsky 50,750 6.7
3 Komunarsky 133,752 17.64
4 Dniprovsky 135,934 17.95
5 Voznesenivsky 101,349 13.37
6 Khortytsky 115,641 15.27
7 Shevchenkivsky 151,558 20.0
Zaporizhzhia administrative subdivision (Raions)

Demographics

City population

The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[11]

In January 2017, the city population equaled 750,685 inhabitants[12] The total reduction of the population of the city during the state independence is around 146 thousand people (the years 2017–2018 are not included in this estimation)

Zaporizhzhia Population Chart
Year Population Source
1781 329 [13]
1795 1,230 [13]
1804 2,500 [13]
1824 1,716 [14]
1859 3,100 [14]
1861 3,819 [13][15]
1864 4,354 [14]
1870 4,601 [16]
1885 6,707 [17]
1894 16,100 [18]
1897 16,393 [19]
year Population Source
1900 24,196 [20]
1902 35,000 [14]
1910 38,000 [21]
1913 63,000 [13]
1915 about 60,000 [14]
1916 72,900 [13]
1917 58,517 [22]
1926 55,744 [23][24]
1937 243,148 [24]
1939 289,188 [25][26]
1943 120,000 [25][27]
year Population Source
1956 381,000 [21]
1959 449,000 [26]
1970 658,000 [28]
1971 676,000 [26]
1979 781,000 [29]
1989 897,600 [30]
1991 896,600 [31]
2001 815,300 [2]
2010 776,918 [32]
2011 775,678 [33]
2015 757,650 [34]
2017 750,685 [35]

Ethnic structure

According to the 2001 census, Zaporizhzhia had the following ethnic structure:[36]

Total (thousands) Ukrainians Russians Belorussians Bulgarians Jews Georgians Armenians Tatar Azeris Roma (Gypsies) Poles Germans Moldovans Greeks
815.3 573 207 5.5 3.6 3.4 3.11 3.08 2.2 1.2 0.92 0.78-1.8[37] 0.76 0.72 0.6
100% 70.28% 25.39% 0.67% 0.44% 0.42% 0.38% 0.38% 0.27% 0.15% 0.11% 0.1% 0.09% 0.09% 0.07%

Language

Ukrainian is used for official government business.

Native language of residents of Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (percent):

Language 1897[38] 1926[39] 1989[40] 2001[41]
Ukrainian  43.0  33.8  41.3  41.6
Russian  24.8  52.2  57.0  56.8
Yiddish  27.8  9.7  0.1

Religion

The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[42]

Christianity
Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral

Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew's Cathedral in the city.

Protestantism

Protestantism is represented by:

Catholicism

Catholicism is represented by:

The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy

Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.

Islam

In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.

Hinduism

The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.

Economy

Industry

Industry and river port

Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country's main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine's leading industrial complexes.

The city is a home of Ukraine's main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.

After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.

Zaporizhstal, Ukraine's fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.

Electricity generation

Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as "DniproHES" Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Zaporizhzhia plants generate about 25% of the whole Ukrainian electricity consumption. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant is located near the Enerhodar (meaning energy gifter), around 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia, which is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Also in Enerhodar, is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station.

Culture

Magara Academic Drama Theatre

Zaporizhzhia has a philharmonic, few museums, theaters, libraries. Among them are:

There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals and feasts, competitions of the Cossack martial arts and art exhibitions.

Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the 'Fountain of Life' at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists' organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can communicate with craftsmen and artists, watch classes of carving, embroidery, beading and other creative works, receive lessons from professional artists, designers, and cartoonists.

Main sights

Khortytsya island.
'Fountain of Life' in Zaporizhzhia (built in 2004) with the daily exhibition of Zaporizhzhian artists.

The 12 km (7.5 mi) x 2 km (1.2 mi) island Khortytsia is located in the geographical centre of the city. The city embraces the island by banks of the New and Old Dnieper streams. Two concrete bridges connect the Island to the city. They have been designed and constructed by the engineer Boris N. Preobrazhensky in 1952. Two level bridges have height about 54 meters. High level of the bridges is intended for rail and bottom – for cars and pedestrians.

The historical and cultural museum "Zaporizka Sich" is placed on the northern rocky part of the island Khotritsa. The museum is the reconstructed stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks. All features of the military cossack's camp life and their lifestyle are presented in the museum.

The smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia. Each of these islands has its own legend. On one of them named Durnya Scala ("Rock of the Fool") Tzar Peter the Great punished the Cossacks by flogging for their betrayal on the side of Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden.

Another small island, named Stolb ("Pillar"), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, its diameter equals 1.4 m (4.6 ft), the depth 1 m (3.3 ft). This bowl is named Cossack's bowl. People say that in summer days under the hot sun, it is easy to boil water in this "bowl" and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[44]

The panoramic view of the DnieproHES from Khortytsia island is very impressive. The straight and long Sobornyi avenue (10 km or 6.2 miles) ends in the SotsGorod near the Dam, which built up of the constructivist architecture of the 20th century.

Infrastructure

The city of Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine and has deeply developed transportation system that includes roadway, rail, river and air options for passenger, freight as well as public utilities transit. Public city transport includes buses, minivans, trams, trolleybuses and railways.

Roads

On the eastern outskirts Zaporizhzhia is passed by a major national highway M18 which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08 which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro and passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. Two other highways terminate in the city, the H15 which arrives from Donetsk and the H23 [de] which starts in Kropyvnytskyi and through Kryvyi Rih ends in Zaporizhzhia.

There are four road bridges over Dnieper and two rail bridges. All bridges but one connect the city with Khortytsia island. The other bridge goes over the river dam of DniproHES. Early in 2022, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the new New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge.

Railways

Zaporizhzhia city has two railway stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station. It is located in the southern part of the city and is a part of the "north-south" transit route Simferopol-Kharkiv. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih iron ore site.

Water transportation

The city's two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along Dnieper river and utilizes some freight ships as well as cutter boats to travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The large island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two branches (channels) the main branch that passes the island on its eastern side and the alternative branch also known as Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) that flows past the island on its western side.

Airport

Zaporizhzhia International Airport

The city's sole airport located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper serves both domestic and international flights. To the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper there is a smaller airfield called Shyroke.

Notable people

Valentyna Danishevska, 2019
Alina Gorlova, 2021
Valeriy Ivaschenko, 2015
Gosha Kutsenko, 2016
Maria Nikiforova, 1909

Sport

Vita Styopina, 2012
Denys Sylantyev, 2014

In popular culture

Zaporizhzhia is an important setting in two Axis victory in World War II short fictions by the American author Harry Turtledove: Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998). Turtledove always uses the Zaporozhye spelling.

Twin towns and sister cities

Zaporizhzhia Square (German: Saporoshjeplatz) in Oberhausen, named after Oberhausen's twin city Zaporizhzhia
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Zaporizhzhia has an agreement about sister city relations with:[45][46]

In addition, in 1969 the city renamed one of its streets "Wrocław", the Wrocław communist government acknowledging that they should honour the Ukrainian city in a similar way and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska street towards the square of the Silesian Insurgents – was renamed to Zaporoska street. It is about 1.3 km (0.81 miles) long.[50]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
  2. ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
  3. ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
  4. ^ "Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476". Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
  5. ^ Pospelov, pp. 25–26
  6. ^ "Паспорт города Запорожье". photoalbum.zp.ua.
  7. ^ "The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)". Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  8. ^ ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground.
  9. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  10. ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine на 1 листопада 2015 року]
  11. ^ "Zaporizhzhia · Population". population.city.
  12. ^ "Держстат України" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
  14. ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). "The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk". Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
  15. ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
  16. ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). "The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana". New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Brockhaus and Efron's Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
  18. ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
  19. ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
  20. ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
  21. ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
  22. ^ Sergina V. "City Z:1921-199", film "Year 1926" Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм "Год 1926"
  23. ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
  24. ^ a b Half a century classified as 'Secret': All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом 'секретно': Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
  25. ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
  26. ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
  27. ^ Sergina V. "City Z:1921-199", film "Year 1942" (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм "Год 1942") said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
  28. ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
  29. ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
  30. ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
  31. ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
  32. ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
  33. ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
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  35. ^ "ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
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  37. ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 49.
  38. ^ "Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ" Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  39. ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
  40. ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. "Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності" Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  41. ^ "Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ" Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  42. ^ "Религиозная карта области". Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
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  44. ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h Міста-побратими м. Запоріжжя [Twin Cities Zaporizhzhia]. City of Zaporizhzhia (in Ukrainian). Шановні відвідувачі і користувачі сайту. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  46. ^ Беляева Л. Города-побратимы Запорожья // Правда. – 2011. – № 16. – С. 9.
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Sources

  • Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

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