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Cloris Leachman

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"Cloris" redirects here. For the mythological character, see Chloris.

Cloris Leachman
Leachman in July 1970
Born(1926-04-30)April 30, 1926
Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.
DiedJanuary 27, 2021(2021-01-27) (aged 94)
Encinitas, California, U.S.
EducationTheodore Roosevelt High School
Alma materNorthwestern University
Occupations
  • Actress
  • model
  • comedienne
Years active1942–2021
Known for
WorksFull list
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1953; div. 1979)​
Children5
RelativesClaiborne Cary (sister)
Anabel Englund (granddaughter)
AwardsFull list

Cloris Leachman (April 30, 1926 – January 27, 2021) was an American actress and comedienne whose career spanned nearly eight decades. She won many accolades, including eight Primetime Emmy Awards from 22 nominations, making her the most nominated and, along with Julia Louis-Dreyfus, most awarded performer in Emmy history.[1] Leachman also won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Golden Globe Award. In her early career, she was known for her versatility. Another unique trait of Leachman's acting style was her distinctive physicality, where she used props to accentuate and express her roles' characterizations.

Born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa, Leachman attended Northwestern University and began appearing in local plays as a teenager. After competing in the 1946 Miss America pageant, she secured a scholarship to study under Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio in New York City, making her professional debut in 1948. In film, she appeared in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971) as a neglected 1950s housewife who has an affair with a student of her husband, a high-school gym teacher; she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She was part of Mel Brooks's ensemble cast, playing Frau Blücher in Young Frankenstein (1974), Nurse Diesel in High Anxiety (1977) and Madame Defarge in History of the World, Part I (1981).

Leachman won Emmys for her role on The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970–1975) and a Golden Globe for the spinoff Phyllis (1975–1977), in which she starred. She also appeared in television film A Brand New Life (1973); the variety sketch show Cher (1975); the ABC Afterschool Special production The Woman Who Willed a Miracle (1983); and the television shows Promised Land (1998) and Malcolm in the Middle (2000–2006).[1] Her other television credits include Gunsmoke (1961), Wagon Train (1962), The Twilight Zone (1961; 2003) and Raising Hope (2010–2014). She also acted in the films Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), WUSA (1970), Yesterday (1981), Castle in the Sky (1986), Spanglish (2004) and Mrs. Harris (2005). She wrote her memoir Cloris: My Autobiography (2009).

Early life and education

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Leachman was born on April 30, 1926, in Des Moines, Iowa,[2] the eldest of three daughters. Her parents were Cloris (née Wallace) and Berkeley Claiborne "Buck" Leachman. Her father worked at the family-owned Leachman Lumber Company.[3][4] Her youngest sister, Claiborne Cary, was an actress and singer. Her other sister, Mary, was not in show business.[5] Their maternal grandmother was of Bohemian (Czech) descent.[6] Leachman attended Theodore Roosevelt High School.[citation needed]

As a teenager, Leachman appeared in plays by local youth on weekends at Drake University in Des Moines.[7] After graduating from high school, she enrolled at Northwestern University in the School of Education.[8] At Northwestern, she became a member of Gamma Phi Beta and was a classmate of future comic actors Paul Lynde and Charlotte Rae. She began appearing on television and in films shortly after competing in Miss America in 1946 as Miss Chicago.[9][10]

Career

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1948–1967: Rise to prominence

[edit]
Jon Shepodd, Jon Provost, and Cloris Leachman in Lassie (1957)

After winning a scholarship in the Miss America pageant, placing in the top 16, Leachman studied acting under Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio in New York City. She had been cast as a replacement for the role of Nellie Forbush during the original run of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific. A few years later, she appeared in the Broadway-bound production of William Inge's Come Back, Little Sheba, but left the show before it reached Broadway when Katharine Hepburn asked her to co-star in a production of William Shakespeare's As You Like It.[11] Leachman was slated to play the role of Abigail Williams in the original Broadway cast of Arthur Miller's seminal drama The Crucible. The production played four preview performances at the Playhouse Theatre in Wilmington, Delaware, from January 15–17, 1953, prior to opening on Broadway on January 22. However, Leachman left the production the day before opening night in Wilmington, with Madeleine Sherwood assuming the role. Leachman's name was heavily publicized prior to the production's opening, and her name still appeared in the printed program; a sign appeared at the box office in Wilmington noting the change.[12]

Leachman appeared in many live television broadcasts in the 1950s, including such programs as Suspense and Studio One.[13] She played opposite John Forsythe in Alfred Hitchcock Presents Season 1, Episode 2 "Premonition", which aired 10/8/1955. She also briefly held the role of the mother of "Lassie's" second master Timmy (Jon Provost) until she was replaced late in her only season with the cast by June Lockhart due to contract disputes. She made her feature-film debut as an extra in Carnegie Hall (1947), but her first real role was in Robert Aldrich's film noir Kiss Me Deadly,[14] released in 1955. Leachman was several months pregnant during the filming, and appears in one scene running down a darkened highway wearing only a trench coat. A year later, she appeared opposite Paul Newman and Lee Marvin in The Rack (1956). She appeared with Newman again in a brief role in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969).

Leachman with cast in Lassie

She continued to work mainly in television, with appearances on Rawhide and in The Twilight Zone episode "It's a Good Life", as well as the sequel "It's Still a Good Life" in the 2002–2003 UPN series revival. During this period, Leachman appeared opposite John Forsythe on the anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents in an episode titled "Premonition" (1955). In 1956 she guest starred as "Flory Tibbs", in a complex role as an abused captive on the TV Western Gunsmoke in S2E1's "Legal Revenge". She later appeared as Ruth Martin, Timmy Martin's adoptive mother, in the last half of season four (1957) of Lassie. Jon Provost, who played Timmy, said, "Cloris did not feel particularly challenged by the role. Basically, when she realized that all she'd be doing was baking cookies, she wanted out."[15] She was replaced by June Lockhart in 1958.

That same year, she appeared in an episode of One Step Beyond titled "The Dark Room", with Marcel Dalio, in which she portrayed an American photographer living in Paris. In 1960, she played Marilyn Parker, the roommate of Janice Rule's character, Elena Nardos, in the Checkmate episode "The Mask of Vengeance". In 1961, she starred as Boni, a cold-hearted woman that would sell out her man for $500 in the TV Western Gunsmoke (S6E36 - "For The Love of Money). She appeared in The Twilight Zone S3 E8 "It's a Good Life" which aired 11/2/1961. Also in 1961, she appeared in The Donna Reed Show (S4E4 - Mouse at Play) as Donna Stone's friend Iris. In 1962, she appeared in "The Nancy Davis Story" as a forlorn bar maid desperate for love on Wagon Train (S5E33), plus she co-starred in "Trial by Fire", on an episode of Laramie that same year, as well as the "Where Beauty Lies" episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents opposite George Nader. In 1966, she guest-starred on Perry Mason as Gloria Shine in "The Case of the Crafty Kidnapper". In late 1970, Leachman starred in one episode of That Girl as Don Hollinger's sister, Sandy.

1968–1989: Stardom and acclaim

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Betty White (left) and Leachman (right) on The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973)

In the drama film The Last Picture Show (1971),[16] based on the bestselling book by Larry McMurtry, Leachman played Ruth Popper, the high-school gym teacher's neglected wife, with whom Timothy Bottoms' character has an affair. The part was originally offered to Ellen Burstyn, but Burstyn wanted another role in the film.[17] Director Peter Bogdanovich correctly predicted during production that Leachman would win an Oscar for her performance; she won for Best Supporting Actress. Critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote of her performance, "The only real warmth comes from the Leachman ...The film is above all an evocation of mood. It is about a town with no reason to exist, and people with no reason to live there. The only hope is in transgression, as Ruth knows when she seduces Sonny, the boy half her age."[18]

Leachman won acclaim portraying Phyllis Lindstrom on the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show. She acted alongside Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper, Ed Asner, Ted Knight, and Betty White. Leachman played the recurring role of Mary Richards' snobbish, self-absorbed and interfering (but at heart well-meaning) downstairs neighbor on the program for five years. The role earned her two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She was subsequently featured in a spinoff series, Phyllis (1975–1977), for which Leachman won a Golden Globe Award.[19] The series ran for two seasons. Leachman won a record-setting eight Primetime and one Daytime Emmy Awards, in addition to having been nominated more than 20 times.

Valerie Harper, Leachman, and Mary Tyler Moore in the finale of The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1977)

Leachman appeared in three Mel Brooks films including the comedic horror satire Young Frankenstein (1974), in which the mere mention of the name of her character, Frau Blücher, elicits the loud neighing of horses (an homage to a cinematic villain stereotype).[20] Christopher Connor of The Film Magazine wrote of her role that it provides "fine contrasts and plenty of comedic moments".[21] She also acted in his thriller spoof High Anxiety (1977) as the demented villainess and psychiatric nurse Charlotte Diesel. In the epic satire History of the World: Part I (1981) she portrayed Madame Defarge.

In 1977, she guest-starred on The Muppet Show, episode 2.24.[22] In 1978, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theater. Leachman appeared in Disney's The North Avenue Irregulars in 1979, playing the role of Claire. In 1987, she hosted the VHS releases of Schoolhouse Rock![23] and portrayed the evil witch Griselda for Disney's Cannon Tales production of Hansel and Gretel. In 1986, she returned to television, replacing Charlotte Rae's character Edna Garrett as the den mother in The Facts of Life. Leachman's role as Edna's sister, Beverly Ann Stickle, continued until the end of the series two years later.

1989–2021: Final roles

[edit]
Leachman winning the Primetime Emmy Award for the film A Brand New Life (1973)

In 1989, Leachman starred on Brooks' short-lived NBC sitcom The Nutt House in dual roles as head hotel housekeeper Mrs. Frick (a variation of the Frau Blücher character) and Mrs. Nutt, the senile owner of the hotel.[24] During this time she worked as a voice actor in numerous animated films, including My Little Pony: The Movie (as the evil witch mother from the Volcano of Gloom), A Troll in Central Park (as Queen Gnorga), The Iron Giant, Gen13, and most notably as the voice of the cantankerous sky pirate Dola in Hayao Miyazaki's 1986 feature Castle in the Sky. She played a reclusive but eventually friendly neighbor who regains her Christmas spirit in Prancer. She played Ferris and Jeannie’s grandmother in the one season television series Ferris Bueller (TV series), episode 9, which aired in November of 1990. In 1993 she played a convincing Granny in the Penelope Spheeris film The Beverly Hillbillies. In 1999 Leachman starred in ‘Thanks’, a sitcom about a 17th century Puritan family that was cancelled after six episodes. Leachman played embittered, greedy, Slavic Canadian "Grandma Ida" on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (2006).[25] She was nominated for playing the character for six consecutive years.

Leachman's later television credits include the Lifetime Television miniseries Beach Girls with Rob Lowe and Julia Ormond.[26] She took a comedic role as the wine-soaked former jazz singer and grandmother Evelyn in Spanglish (2004) opposite Adam Sandler for which she was nominated for a SAG Award.[27] She had replaced an ailing Anne Bancroft in the role. The film reunited her with the Mary Tyler Moore Show writer, producer, and director James L. Brooks. That same year, she appeared with Sandler again in the remake of The Longest Yard. She also appeared in the Kurt Russell comedy Sky High as a school nurse with X-ray vision. In 2005, she guest-starred as Charlie Harper's neighbor Norma in an episode ("Madame and Her Special Friend") of Two and a Half Men.

Leachman in 2014

In 2006, Leachman's performance alongside Sir Ben Kingsley and Annette Bening in the HBO special Mrs. Harris earned her nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She auditioned to revive her role from Young Frankenstein in the 2007 Broadway production opposite Megan Mullally (who replaced Kristin Chenoweth) and Roger Bart. Andrea Martin was cast instead. Brooks was quoted as joking that Leachman, then 81, was too old for the role. "We don't want her to die on stage," Brooks (also 81, at the time) told columnist Army Archerd, a statement to which Leachman took umbrage.[28] However, due to Leachman's success on Dancing with the Stars, Brooks then, doing a U-turn, reportedly asked her to reprise her role as Frau Blücher in the Broadway production of Young Frankenstein after the departure of Beth Leavel, who had succeeded Martin.[29][30] The Broadway production closed before this could happen.

In 2008, Leachman was a contestant on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars, paired with Corky Ballas, the oldest of the professionals and father of two-time champion Mark Ballas. Leachman is the oldest person to have competed on the show to date. She placed seventh in the competition.[31] After Dancing with the Stars she guest starred on Disney Channel's Girl Meets World (2015), the Christian movie I Can Only Imagine (2018).[32] Leachman made guest roles in the NBC sitcom The Office, the TV Land series Hot in Cleveland, the CBS drama Hawaii Five-0, and USA Network Royal Pains .[33] During this time she portrayed a number of raunchy elderly women including Beerfest (2006), Scary Movie 4 (2006), and The Wedding Ringer (2015). From 2010 to 2014, She played another grandmother, Maw Maw, the matriarch of the family on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.

One of Leachman's final roles was as Zorya Vechernyaya, one of the "old gods" who represented the evening star, in season one (2019) of the Showtime series American Gods. Leachman appears in the film Not To Forget (2021) in her final role. The movie, directed by Valerio Zanoli, stars Karen Grassle and 5 Academy Award winners: Cloris Leachman, Louis Gossett Jr, Tatum O'Neal, George Chakiris, and Olympia Dukakis.[34][35][36]

On May 14, 2006, she was awarded an honorary doctorate in fine arts from Drake University.[37]

Acting credits and awards

[edit]
Main articles: List of Cloris Leachman performances and List of awards and nominations received by Cloris Leachman

Personal life

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Leachman in November 2015

From 1953 to 1979, Leachman was married to Hollywood impresario George Englund. Her former mother-in-law was character actress Mabel Albertson. The marriage produced four sons and one daughter: Bryan (died 1986), Morgan, Adam, Dinah, and George. Some of them are in show business. Her son Morgan played Dylan on Guiding Light for several years. The Englunds were Bel Air neighbors of Judy Garland, Sid Luft, and their children, Lorna and Joey Luft, during the early 1960s. Lorna Luft stated in her memoir Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir that Leachman was "the kind of mom I'd only seen on TV". Knowing of the turmoil at the Luft home, but never mentioning it, Leachman prepared meals for the children and made them feel welcome when they needed a place to stay.[42]

Leachman was also a friend of Mort Sahl and Marlon Brando, whom she met while studying under Elia Kazan in the 1950s. She introduced him to her husband, who became close to Brando, as well, directing him in The Ugly American (1963) and writing a memoir about their friendship called Marlon Brando: The Way It's Never Been Done Before (2005).[43]

Leachman was a vegetarian and an animal rights activist. In 1997, she appeared on the cover of Alternative Medicine Digest, posing nude while body-painted with images of fruit in a parody of Demi Moore's 1991 Vanity Fair cover photo.[citation needed] She also posed clad in a dress made of lettuce for a 2009 PETA advertisement.[44] In 2013, she starred in a comedic PETA ad on spay and neuter in which she opened a condom wrapper with her teeth.[45] Leachman's granddaughter, Anabel Englund, is a singer.[46] In addition to Anabel, Leachman had other grandchildren, and one great-grandson, Braden.[47] Leachman was an atheist.[48]

Death

[edit]

Leachman died at her home in Encinitas, California, at the age of 94. The cause of death was a stroke and COVID-19 was a contributing factor.[49][50] Leachman's manager, Juliet Green, confirmed to People magazine that she had died on January 27, 2021. Leachman's son also confirmed this date to The New York Times.[51][52][53] However, some sources cited a death date of January 26.[54][55] Her body was cremated on February 7, 2021.

Bibliography

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Leachman's autobiography, Cloris: My Autobiography,[56] was published in March 2009. She co-authored the bestselling book with her ex-husband George Englund.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Wittmer, Carrie. "The 17 actors who have won the most Emmys of all time". Business Insider. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  2. ^ Berkvist, Robert (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, Oscar Winner and TV Comedy Star, Is Dead at 94". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  3. ^ Longden, Tom. "Famous Iowans". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
  4. ^ "West Bancorporation Inc". SEC Info. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
  5. ^ Dore, Shalini (March 29, 2010). "Claiborne Cary dies at 78, Actress was also a cabaret performer". Variety. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
  6. ^ "Cloris Leachman Drives Fast, Dances Well, Adores Her Grandkids". grandparents.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  7. ^ Marie, Denise (August 20, 2014). "Cloris Leachman Interview". Distinctive Style (Interview). Interviewed by Cloris Leachman. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  8. ^ "Cloris Leachman". Northwestern University Archives. September 17, 2000. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  9. ^ "Actor Cloris Leachman Dies At Age 94". BuzzFeed News. January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  10. ^ "Miss America 1946 Candidates". Miss America Organization. July 17, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  11. ^ Wolf, Buck (September 20, 2005). "Would America Miss Miss America?". ABC News. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
  12. ^ "17 Jan 1953, Page 12 - The News Journal at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  13. ^ Muhammad, Latifah (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, 'Mary Tyler Moore Show' Star, Dead at 94". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  14. ^ Nelson, Valerie J. (April 15, 2009). "Maxine Cooper Gomberg dies at 84; actress in the film noir classic 'Kiss Me Deadly'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
  15. ^ Provost, Jon. "Recollections". Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  16. ^ Pedersen, Erik (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman Dies: Eight-Time Emmy Winner & Last Picture Show Oscar Winner Was 94". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  17. ^ Hebron, Sandra (November 5, 2000). "Ellen Burstyn". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  18. ^ "The Last Picture Show". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  19. ^ Memmott, Carol (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, beloved as TV's Mary Tyler Moore Show neighbor Phyllis, dies at 94". USA Today. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  20. ^ "Elmer's Gantry". Snopes.com. August 12, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  21. ^ "Young Grankenstein". The Film Magazine. October 19, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  22. ^ Garlen, Jennifer C.; Graham, Anissa M. (2009). Kermit Culture: Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets. McFarland & Company. p. 218. ISBN 978-0786442591.
  23. ^ "History of Schoolhouse Rock". Archived from the original on June 28, 2008.
  24. ^ Uncle John's Bathroom Reader Tunes into TV. Simon and Schuster. 2012. ISBN 978-1-60710-653-1.
  25. ^ Cheng, Cheryl (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman Dead: 'Phyllis' Star, Oscar Winner Was 94". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  26. ^ Frey, Jennifer (July 31, 2005). "Look Who's Washed Up On This 'Beach'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  27. ^ "The 11th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  28. ^ World Entertainment News Network (June 14, 2007). "Cloris Leachman Challenges Mel Brooks To A Duel To Win 'Young Frankenstein' Role High there". Starpulse Entertainment News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  29. ^ "Axed 'Dancing' star Cloris Leachman may reprise 'Frankenstein' role". Realitytvworld.com. October 29, 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
  30. ^ BWW News Desk. "Leachman to Go 'Dancing' with YOUNG FRANK?". BroadwayWorld.com.
  31. ^ Abramowitz, Rachel (April 1, 2009). "Leachman is dishing with the stars". Los Angeles Times.
  32. ^ "About The Cast". I Can Only Imagine. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  33. ^ "The Office's Fake Jack Black/Cloris Leachman Movie Explained". ScreenRant. September 28, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  34. ^ "Famous actors seen throughout community while filming 'Not to Forget'". The Interior Journal. October 24, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  35. ^ Zanoli, Valerio, Not To Forget (Drama), Karen Grassle, Kevin Hardesty, Tate Dewey, Taylor Hook, Film Services [I], retrieved February 1, 2021
  36. ^ "Let's Make A Difference".[permanent dead link]
  37. ^ Lacher, Lisa (May 10, 2006). "Drake to Present Honorary Degrees to Actress and Composer". Drake University. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
  38. ^ Funniest Women on TV. July 3, 2011. TV Guide Network.
  39. ^ "World-Renowned Conductor to Address Class of 2014: Northwestern University News". Northwestern.edu. April 4, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  40. ^ Huver, Scott (June 12, 2017). "Cloris Leachman Honored With PETA's Lifetime Achievement Award". The Hollywood Reporter.
  41. ^ "Cloris Leachman". Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  42. ^ Lorna Luft, Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir, Simon & Schuster, 1998
  43. ^ Petit, Chris (December 31, 2005). "Bad old boys". Guardian Unlimited. London. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  44. ^ "Cloris Leachman's Salad Days". PETA. March 31, 2009.
  45. ^ "Cloris Leachman Reminds You That Cats Can't Use Condoms". TheaterMania. February 20, 2013.
  46. ^ "About". Anabel Englund. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
  47. ^ Charaipotra, Sona (March 30, 2009). "America's Dirtiest Dancer". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  48. ^ Ollivier, Debra (June 20, 2012). "Cloris Leachman: 'I Don't Believe In God And I'm Very Relieved I Don't'". Huffington Post.
  49. ^ "Cloris Leachman Died of a Stroke and COVID Was a Contributing Condition: Medical Examiner". People. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  50. ^ "Cloris Leachman's Cause of Death Was Stroke, COVID-19 Contributed". Entertainment Online. February 18, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  51. ^ Quinn, Dave. "Cloris Leachman, Oscar Winner and Mary Tyler Moore Show Star, Dies at 94". People. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  52. ^ Berkvist, Robert (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, Oscar Winner and TV Comedy Star, Is Dead at 94". The New York Times.
  53. ^ Bernstein, Adam. "Cloris Leachman, Oscar-winning actress who played Frau Blücher (neighhh!) in 'Young Frankenstein,' dies at 94" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  54. ^ Carmel Dagan (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, Emmy and Oscar Winner, Dies at 94". Variety. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  55. ^ "Cloris Leachman, Oscar-winning actress and prolific TV star, dies at 94". Los Angeles Times. January 27, 2021.
  56. ^ Cloris: My Autobiography. Kensington. March 2009. ISBN 978-0-7582-2963-2.
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