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{{Indian name|Jayalalitha|Jayaram}}
{{Indian name|Jayalalitha|Jayaram}}
'''Jayalalithaa Jayaram''' ({{lang-ta|ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்}}) (born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as '''J. Jayalalitha''', is the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. She is the incumbent general secretary of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]]. She is called ''Amma'' (English: Mother) and ''Puratchi Thalaivi'' (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.<ref>http://www.expressindia.com/news/print.php?newsid=31418</ref> She was a successful [[film actor]] in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] before entering politics.
'''Jayalalithaa Jayaram''' ({{lang-ta|ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்}}) (born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as '''J. Jayalalitha''', is the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. She is the incumbent general secretary of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]]. She is called ''Amma'' (English: Mother) and ''Puratchi Thalaivi'' (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.<ref>http://www.expressindia.com/news/print.php?newsid=31418</ref> She was a successful [[film actor]] in [[Tamil cinema]] before entering politics.


==Early life==
==Early life==
She was born on 24th February 1948 in [[Srirangam]], Tamil Nadu and was named as '''Komalavalli''' in a [[Iyengar Tamil|Tamil Iyengar]] family. Her father was a lawyer and his family stayed in South Chitirai Street in Srirangam town.<ref>http://www.deccanherald.com/content/151218/all-eyes-jayalalithaa-srirangam.html</ref><ref>http://news.oneindia.in/2011/04/05/alleyes-on-jayalalithaa-insrirangam-aid0126.html</ref> She has a brother named Jayakumar. Then her family migrated to Mysore in Karnataka for few years in her childhood.<ref name="Ironlady">Raman AS, (2001) [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 The Iron Lady of India] on ''Findarticles.com''.</ref> The ‘Jaya’ in her name was a prefix everyone in her family used to emphasise their connection to the Mysore palace, the then king being Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar.Her grandfather had been the palace surgeon to the rulers of Mysore. Her father Jayaram died when she was 2 years old so her mother decided to take her kids and move to Bangalore, where Jayalalithaa's maternal grandparents lived. Jayalalithaa's mother Vedavalli did not want to be a burden on her parents, so started working as a typist. Then Vedavalli’s sister Vidyavathi, an air hostess, managed to get some breaks in films and she encouraged Vedavalli to come to Chennai to venture as an actress into [[Tamil cinema]] taking the screen name Sandhya.<ref>http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?270858</ref> Jaya had her formal education at the ''Bishop Cotton Girls' High School'' in [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">[http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm Profile of Jayalalitha] on ''Tamil Nadu Government website''.</ref> and then after her mother moved to [[Madras State]] (now Tamil Nadu) <ref name="Ironlady"/> she was schooled at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in [[Chennai]].<ref name="Ironlady"/> Jaya excelled in academics and has claimed that she was offered a scholarship for higher studies from the [[Government of India]]<ref name="TNgov"/> But her mother Sandhya soon revealed her that a financial crisis exists in the family and so she has to take up acting as a profession to support the family. Jaya has claimed in many interviews,that her ambition was to become a lawyer but the condition of her family had forced her to take up acting then. Jaya had joined the reputed college Stella Maris College in Chennai for studying law, but due to her mother's wish she had to discontinue studies and as a 16-year-old went to the sets of director C.V. Sridhar’s film Vennira Aadai to make her film debut.<ref>http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205450</ref>
She was born on 24th February 1948 in Mysore, Karnataka and was named as '''Komalavalli''' in a [[Iyengar Tamil|Tamil Iyengar]] family. She is a native of [[Srirangam]], [[Trichy]].<ref name="Ironlady">Raman AS, (2001) [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 The Iron Lady of India] on ''Findarticles.com''.</ref>Her father Jeyaram died when she was 2 years old. She had her formal education at the ''Bishop Cotton Girls' High School'' in [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">[http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm Profile of Jayalalitha] on ''Tamil Nadu Government website''.</ref> She later moved to [[Madras State]] (now Tamil Nadu) along with her mother Sandhya, who ventured as an actress into [[Tamil cinema]].<ref name="Ironlady"/> She was then schooled at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in [[Chennai]].<ref name="Ironlady"/> She excelled in academics and has claimed that she was offered a scholarship for higher studies from the [[Government of India]]<ref name="TNgov"/> but she entered film industry, under the guidance of her mother.She has claimed in many interviews,that her ambition was to become a lawyer but the condition of her family had forced her to take up acting then.However she also claims to have attended one reputed college in Chennai,just for one day before entering into the Tamil film industry


==Film career==
==Film career==
===Early career===
===Early career===
Jayalalitha made her debut as a teenager, when she was 15 and still in school, in a [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film titled ''Chinnada Gombe'' (1964), directed by B.R. Panthulu which was a major hit and made her star overnight. Her mother Sandhya had started persuading her to join films when Jaya was in school and also took assurance from producers that shooting would take place only during Jaya's summer vacation and that she would not miss her classes.<ref>http://119.82.71.51/article.aspx?270858</ref> She also acted in a [[English language|English]] movie, ''Epistle'' released in 1961, which was produced by [[Shankar Giri]], son of former president of India [[VV Giri]]. She acted in a couple of films in Kannada before moving into the Tamil film Industry. She got her first break in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The following year, she made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] through ''Manushulu Mamathalu''. She was perhaps, the first heroine who appeared in [[Skirts and dress|Skirts]] in Tamil films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puratchithalaivi.org/movie-career/ |title=Dr. J. Jayalalitha » Movie Career |publisher=Puratchithalaivi.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-20}}</ref> But it was the grand success of "Aayirathil Oruvan" and pairing with MGR that turned Jayalalithaa into top leading actress of Tamil movie world.<ref>http://www.indiatimes.com/photostory/8294067.cms</ref> From 1965-1972 she formed a hit on screen pair with [[M._G._Ramachandran]] by giving back to back box office hits with films like Aayirathil Oruvan, Muharassi, Chandorodyam , Kavalkaran, Rahasya Police 115, Adimai Pen, Nam Naadu, Kudiyiruntha Koil, Olivilaku,
Jayalalitha made her debut as a teenager in a [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film titled ''Chinnada Gombe'' (1964), which was a major hit and made her star overnight.She also acted in a [[English language|English]] movie, ''Epistle'' released in 1961, which was produced by [[Shankar Giri]], son of former president of India [[VV Giri]]. She acted in a couple of films in Kannada before moving into the Tamil film Industry. She got her first break in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The following year, she made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] through ''Manushulu Mamathalu''. She was perhaps, the first heroine who appeared in [[Skirts and dress|Skirts]] in Tamil films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puratchithalaivi.org/movie-career/ |title=Dr. J. Jayalalitha » Movie Career |publisher=Puratchithalaivi.org |date= |accessdate=2011-04-20}}</ref> From 1965-1972 she formed a hit on screen pair with [[M._G._Ramachandran]] by giving back to back box office hits with films like Aayirathil Oruvan, Muharassi, Chandorodyam , Kavalkaran, Rahasya Police 115, Adimai Pen, Nam Naadu, Kudiyiruntha Koil, Olivilaku,
Thaikku Thalaimagan, Mattukkara Velan, Thalaivan, Thedi Vanda Mappillai, Kanavan, Engal Thangam, Kumari Kottam , Raman Thediya Seethai.The pair had all of their films as box office success. She also worked with [[B. Saroja Devi]], the number one heroine in Tamil films from 1959-1969, in Arasa Kattali.She also acted in suspense films like Naan and comedy films like Galatta Kalyanam.<ref>[http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jayalalitha/206 Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> She paired with [[MGR]] in 25 Tamil films.
Thaikku Thalaimagan, Mattukkara Velan, Thalaivan, Thedi Vanda Mappillai, Kanavan, Engal Thangam, Kumari Kottam , Raman Thediya Seethai.Except for Annam Ita Kai, the pair had all of their films as box office success. She also worked with [[B. Saroja Devi]], the number one heroine in Tamil films from 1959-1969, in Arasa Kattali.She also acted in suspense films like Naan and comedy films like Galatta Kalyanam.<ref>[http://www.jointscene.com/artists/Kollywood/Jayalalitha/206 Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> She paired with [[MGR]] in almost 25 Tamil films.


===Later career===
===Later career===
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==Political career==
==Political career==
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
In 1980,AIADMK founder-leader MGR made Jayalalithaa the party's Propaganda Secretary.<ref>http://www.indiatimes.com/photostory/8294053.cms</ref>She was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1984, marking her entry into the [[Parliament of India]]. Her association with politics grew from her association with the Late [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (popularly known as M.G.R), a movie star and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu,<ref>[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&se=gglsc&d=5002195780&er=deny The Image Trap: M.G. Ramachandran in Film and Politics Journal article by Robert L. Hardgrave Jr.; Pacific Affairs, Vol. 66, 1993] - Hosted on [[Questia]]</ref><ref>[http://www.crisisstates.com/download/india/harriss&wyatt.pdf The Changing Politics of Tamil Nadu in the 1990s by John Harriss and Andrew Wyatt] ([[PDF]]) Retrieved on 11 November 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.aghilham.com/news/tamilnadu/20031112a.html Peter Goodspeed - National Post - 12 November 2003] - Online version</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1394896.cms Family business as politics] - [[The Economic Times]] 1 February 2006 ([Reproduced: http://www.swaminomics.org/et_articles/et20060202_Family_Business_as_Poli.htm])</ref><ref>[http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0531/feat8.html Obituary for Janaki Ramachandran mentioning Jayalalitha's relationship with MGR] - [[Asiaweek]]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/35349214.cms Private lives go public] - [[The Times of India]], 25 March 2001 Retrieved on 11 November 2007</ref> and her position as MGR's disciple helped her become his political heir.<ref>[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EJ10Df03.html India offers Arnie a pointer or two] - [[Asia Times]]</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Krishna K. Tummala | title=India's Federalism under Stress | journal=Asian Survey | year=1992 | volume=32 | issue=6|pages= 538–553 | doi=10.1525/as.1992.32.6.00p01782}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indiatogether.org/manushi/issue111/women-pol.htm Indian Politics: Encourages Durgas, Snubs Women] - India Together 10 October 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/photoessays.asp?serial=3&foldername=20070820&filename=ZGPhotoessay&storyid=1&mode= Photoessay: Love Actually - MGR-Jayalalitha] - [[Outlook (magazine)]]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Atul Kohli | title=Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year=1990 | isbn=0521396921}} pp 162</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Alida Brill | title=A Rising Public Voice: Women in Politics Worldwide | publisher=Feminist Press | year=1995 | isbn=1558611118}} pp 61</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Paul R. Brass | title=The Politics of India Since Independence | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year=1994 | isbn=0521459702}} pp 131</ref> After M.G.R's death, she was alienated by a faction of the party who, instead chose to support M.G.R's wife, [[Janaki Ramachandran]]. She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1989. and became the first woman to be elected [[opposition (parliamentary)|Leader of the Opposition]]. In 1991, following the assassination of [[Rajiv Gandhi]], just days before the elections, her alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] paid off as a sympathy wave propelled the coalition to a massive victory. She was re-elected to the legislative assembly and became the first elected woman chief minister and the youngest ever chief minister of Tamil Nadu, serving the full tenure (24 June 1991 - 12 May 1996) ([[Janaki Ramachandran]] technically became the first woman chief minister following her husband's death, but she was unelected). Due to an [[Anti-incumbency|anti-incumbency wave]], and several allegations of corruption and malfeasance against her and her ministers, she lost power to the D.M.K in 1996, in a landslide defeat, although all these corruption charges were later on found to be false cases made by DMK party later on after a decade. All the ministers in her erstwhile cabinet, including her, were defeated in the elections and six of them even lost their deposits, meaning that they did not even secure the minimum number of votes expected of them. She returned to power with a huge majority in the [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2001|2001 elections]], having mustered a bigger coalition and defying many pre-poll predictions. In the [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2006|2006 assembly elections]], her party lost to the DMK. In the [[2011]] state assembly elections AIADMK led a 12-party alliance including the Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Part of India Marxist (CPM), Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]], All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK), Republican Party of India (RPI), Forward Block, All India Movvendar Munnani Kazhagam (AIMMK) etc. The ADMK returned to power and Jayalalitha became the chief minister for the third time.
In 1981, she was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1984, marking her entry into the [[Parliament of India]]. Her association with politics grew from her association with the Late [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (popularly known as M.G.R), a movie star and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu,<ref>[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&se=gglsc&d=5002195780&er=deny The Image Trap: M.G. Ramachandran in Film and Politics Journal article by Robert L. Hardgrave Jr.; Pacific Affairs, Vol. 66, 1993] - Hosted on [[Questia]]</ref><ref>[http://www.crisisstates.com/download/india/harriss&wyatt.pdf The Changing Politics of Tamil Nadu in the 1990s by John Harriss and Andrew Wyatt] ([[PDF]]) Retrieved on 11 November 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.aghilham.com/news/tamilnadu/20031112a.html Peter Goodspeed - National Post - 12 November 2003] - Online version</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1394896.cms Family business as politics] - [[The Economic Times]] 1 February 2006 ([Reproduced: http://www.swaminomics.org/et_articles/et20060202_Family_Business_as_Poli.htm])</ref><ref>[http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0531/feat8.html Obituary for Janaki Ramachandran mentioning Jayalalitha's relationship with MGR] - [[Asiaweek]]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/35349214.cms Private lives go public] - [[The Times of India]], 25 March 2001 Retrieved on 11 November 2007</ref> and her position as MGR's disciple helped her become his political heir.<ref>[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EJ10Df03.html India offers Arnie a pointer or two] - [[Asia Times]]</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Krishna K. Tummala | title=India's Federalism under Stress | journal=Asian Survey | year=1992 | volume=32 | issue=6|pages= 538–553 | doi=10.1525/as.1992.32.6.00p01782}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indiatogether.org/manushi/issue111/women-pol.htm Indian Politics: Encourages Durgas, Snubs Women] - India Together 10 October 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/photoessays.asp?serial=3&foldername=20070820&filename=ZGPhotoessay&storyid=1&mode= Photoessay: Love Actually - MGR-Jayalalitha] - [[Outlook (magazine)]]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Atul Kohli | title=Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year=1990 | isbn=0521396921}} pp 162</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Alida Brill | title=A Rising Public Voice: Women in Politics Worldwide | publisher=Feminist Press | year=1995 | isbn=1558611118}} pp 61</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Paul R. Brass | title=The Politics of India Since Independence | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year=1994 | isbn=0521459702}} pp 131</ref> After M.G.R's death, she was alienated by a faction of the party who, instead chose to support M.G.R's wife, [[Janaki Ramachandran]]. She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1989. and became the first woman to be elected [[opposition (parliamentary)|Leader of the Opposition]]. In 1991, following the assassination of [[Rajiv Gandhi]], just days before the elections, her alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] paid off as a sympathy wave propelled the coalition to a massive victory. She was re-elected to the legislative assembly and became the first elected woman chief minister and the youngest ever chief minister of Tamil Nadu, serving the full tenure (24 June 1991 - 12 May 1996) ([[Janaki Ramachandran]] technically became the first woman chief minister following her husband's death, but she was unelected). Due to an [[Anti-incumbency|anti-incumbency wave]], and several allegations of corruption and malfeasance against her and her ministers, she lost power to the D.M.K in 1996, in a landslide defeat. All the ministers in her erstwhile cabinet, including her, were defeated in the elections and six of them even lost their deposits, meaning that they did not even secure the minimum number of votes expected of them. She returned to power with a huge majority in the [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2001|2001 elections]], having mustered a bigger coalition and defying many pre-poll predictions. In the [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 2006|2006 assembly elections]], her party lost to the DMK. In the [[2011]] state assembly elections AIADMK led a 12-party alliance including the Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Part of India Marxist (CPM), Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]], All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK), Republican Party of India (RPI), Forward Block, All India Movvendar Munnani Kazhagam (AIMMK) etc. The ADMK returned to power and Jayalalitha became the chief minister for the third time.


===Controversies - lawsuits and acquittal===
===Controversies - lawsuits and acquittal===
During her years out of power, she has had to face a number of criminal lawsuits stemming from her first term rule mostly dealing with embezzlement and monetary fraud, which were subsequently found to be result of false cases foisted by DMK party on her and she was acquitted later on. In 2001, a specially designated court convicted her of criminal breach of trust and of illegally acquiring governmental property belonging to [[TANSI]], a state-run agency, and sentenced her to five years' imprisonment. She appealed against the sentence to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. While the appeal was under judicial consideration, the conviction disqualified her from contesting the 2001 elections. However, having led her party to victory, she controversially became the [[Chief Minister]] as a non-elected member of the assembly in Tamil Nadu.
During her years out of power, she has had to face a number of criminal lawsuits stemming from her first term rule mostly dealing with embezzlement and monetary fraud. In 2001, a specially designated court convicted her of criminal breach of trust and of illegally acquiring governmental property belonging to [[TANSI]], a state-run agency, and sentenced her to five years' imprisonment. She appealed against the sentence to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. While the appeal was under judicial consideration, the conviction disqualified her from contesting the 2001 elections. However, having led her party to victory, she controversially became the [[Chief Minister]] as a non-elected member of the assembly in Tamil Nadu.


On 21 September 2001,<ref name="nullify">[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/09/22/stories/01220001.htm News item quoting the Supreme Court judgment]</ref> a five-judge [[constitutional bench]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that "a person who is convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of [[quo warranto]] must issue".
On 21 September 2001,<ref name="nullify">[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/09/22/stories/01220001.htm News item quoting the Supreme Court judgment]</ref> a five-judge [[constitutional bench]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that "a person who is convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of [[quo warranto]] must issue".
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| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1989|1989]] || Elected || [[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1989|1989]] || Elected || [[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
|-
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1991|1991]] || Elected || [[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]
| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1991|1991]] || Elected || [[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur, Kangayeam]]
|-
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1996|1996]] || Lost || [[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]
| [[Tamil Nadu state assembly election, 1996|1996]] || Lost || [[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]
Line 273: Line 273:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 February 1948
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 February 1948
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Melukote]], [[Karnataka]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli District]]
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli District]]

[[Category:People from Trichy]]
[[ar:جيه. جايالاليثا]]
[[ar:جيه. جايالاليثا]]
[[bn:জয়ললিতা জয়রাম]]
[[bn:জয়ললিতা জয়রাম]]

Revision as of 17:07, 17 June 2011

J Jayalalitha
ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா
16th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Assumed office
16 May 2011
Preceded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencySrirangam
14th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
In office
2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006
Preceded byO. Panneerselvam
Succeeded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencyAndipatti
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (Quashed)[1]
In office
14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001
Preceded byM. Karunanidhi
Succeeded byO. Panneerselvam
ConstituencyCould not contest
11th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
In office
24 June 1991 – 12 May 1996
Preceded byPresident's rule
Succeeded byM. Karunanidhi
ConstituencyBargur
Personal details
Born (1948-02-24) 24 February 1948 (age 76)
Mysore, Karnataka, India
Political partyAIADMK
Residence(s)Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
In this Indian name, the name Jayaram is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Jayalalitha.

Jayalalithaa Jayaram (Tamil: ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்) (born 24 February 1948) commonly referred to as J. Jayalalitha, is the Chief Minister of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. She is the incumbent general secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), a Dravidian party. She is called Amma (English: Mother) and Puratchi Thalaivi (English: Revolutionary Leader) by her followers.[2] She was a successful film actor in Tamil cinema before entering politics.

Early life

She was born on 24th February 1948 in Mysore, Karnataka and was named as Komalavalli in a Tamil Iyengar family. She is a native of Srirangam, Trichy.[3]Her father Jeyaram died when she was 2 years old. She had her formal education at the Bishop Cotton Girls' High School in Bangalore.[4] She later moved to Madras State (now Tamil Nadu) along with her mother Sandhya, who ventured as an actress into Tamil cinema.[3] She was then schooled at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent) in Chennai.[3] She excelled in academics and has claimed that she was offered a scholarship for higher studies from the Government of India[4] but she entered film industry, under the guidance of her mother.She has claimed in many interviews,that her ambition was to become a lawyer but the condition of her family had forced her to take up acting then.However she also claims to have attended one reputed college in Chennai,just for one day before entering into the Tamil film industry

Film career

Early career

Jayalalitha made her debut as a teenager in a Kannada film titled Chinnada Gombe (1964), which was a major hit and made her star overnight.She also acted in a English movie, Epistle released in 1961, which was produced by Shankar Giri, son of former president of India VV Giri. She acted in a couple of films in Kannada before moving into the Tamil film Industry. She got her first break in Vennira Aadai (1965), directed by C. V. Sridhar. The following year, she made her debut in Telugu cinema through Manushulu Mamathalu. She was perhaps, the first heroine who appeared in Skirts in Tamil films.[5] From 1965-1972 she formed a hit on screen pair with M._G._Ramachandran by giving back to back box office hits with films like Aayirathil Oruvan, Muharassi, Chandorodyam , Kavalkaran, Rahasya Police 115, Adimai Pen, Nam Naadu, Kudiyiruntha Koil, Olivilaku, Thaikku Thalaimagan, Mattukkara Velan, Thalaivan, Thedi Vanda Mappillai, Kanavan, Engal Thangam, Kumari Kottam , Raman Thediya Seethai.Except for Annam Ita Kai, the pair had all of their films as box office success. She also worked with B. Saroja Devi, the number one heroine in Tamil films from 1959-1969, in Arasa Kattali.She also acted in suspense films like Naan and comedy films like Galatta Kalyanam.[6] She paired with MGR in almost 25 Tamil films.

Later career

Jayalalithaa explored herself by acting opposite other heroes in Tamil films. Her films rarely saw failure at the box office. Her film Pattikada Pattanama won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil and won her a Filmfare Best Actress Award. Jayalalithaa also holds the distinction of winning the first ever Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award and Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award when it was introduced in 1972. Her performance in Suryakanthi and Chandradhoyam were critically acclaimed and she won her second Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award in a row. Her other commercially successful films with Sivaji Ganesan include Galatta Kalyanam, Sumathi En Sundari, Enga Maama, Raja and Deiva Magan. She continued pairing up with younger heroes like Ravichandran in movies like Bhagdad Perazhagi, Moondrezhuthu, Magarasi, Madi Veetu Mappillai and with Jaishankar in films like Vairam, Yaar Nee. She established herself in the Tamil film industry with the series of box-office hits Nee, Major Chandrakanth and Kandan Karunai. She made her Bollywood debut through Izzat, in which she was paired opposite Dharmendra. She also established her popularity in Telugu films Nayakudu Vinayakudu, Aadarsa Kutumbam, Akka Thamudu, Bharya Biddalu, Sri Krishna Satya, Brahmachari, Goodachari 116 and Navarathri. Her last film was Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal which released in 1980.

Political career

This article is part of a series on the
Dravidian Politics
Political Parties
  • State Parties
  • Unrecognised Parties
Union Council of Ministers
Chief Ministers
Speakers
  • Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Leaders of the Opposition
  • Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Others
  • Pioneers
  • Various Topics

In 1981, she was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1984, marking her entry into the Parliament of India. Her association with politics grew from her association with the Late M. G. Ramachandran (popularly known as M.G.R), a movie star and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu,[7][8][9][10][11][12] and her position as MGR's disciple helped her become his political heir.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] After M.G.R's death, she was alienated by a faction of the party who, instead chose to support M.G.R's wife, Janaki Ramachandran. She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1989. and became the first woman to be elected Leader of the Opposition. In 1991, following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, just days before the elections, her alliance with the Indian National Congress paid off as a sympathy wave propelled the coalition to a massive victory. She was re-elected to the legislative assembly and became the first elected woman chief minister and the youngest ever chief minister of Tamil Nadu, serving the full tenure (24 June 1991 - 12 May 1996) (Janaki Ramachandran technically became the first woman chief minister following her husband's death, but she was unelected). Due to an anti-incumbency wave, and several allegations of corruption and malfeasance against her and her ministers, she lost power to the D.M.K in 1996, in a landslide defeat. All the ministers in her erstwhile cabinet, including her, were defeated in the elections and six of them even lost their deposits, meaning that they did not even secure the minimum number of votes expected of them. She returned to power with a huge majority in the 2001 elections, having mustered a bigger coalition and defying many pre-poll predictions. In the 2006 assembly elections, her party lost to the DMK. In the 2011 state assembly elections AIADMK led a 12-party alliance including the Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Part of India Marxist (CPM), Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), Manithaneya Makkal Katchi, All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK), Republican Party of India (RPI), Forward Block, All India Movvendar Munnani Kazhagam (AIMMK) etc. The ADMK returned to power and Jayalalitha became the chief minister for the third time.

Controversies - lawsuits and acquittal

During her years out of power, she has had to face a number of criminal lawsuits stemming from her first term rule mostly dealing with embezzlement and monetary fraud. In 2001, a specially designated court convicted her of criminal breach of trust and of illegally acquiring governmental property belonging to TANSI, a state-run agency, and sentenced her to five years' imprisonment. She appealed against the sentence to the Supreme Court of India. While the appeal was under judicial consideration, the conviction disqualified her from contesting the 2001 elections. However, having led her party to victory, she controversially became the Chief Minister as a non-elected member of the assembly in Tamil Nadu.

On 21 September 2001,[20] a five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India ruled that "a person who is convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of quo warranto must issue".

In effect, her appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid. Therefore, technically, she was not the Chief Minister in the period between 14 May 2001 and 21 September 2001.[21] O. Panneerselvam, a minister in her party, was subsequently installed as the Chief Minister. However, his government was widely believed to have been puppeted and micro-managed by Jayalalithaa. In 2003, the Supreme Court acquitted her in the specific case, for lack of conclusive evidence to convict her. This cleared the way for her to contest a mid-term poll to the Andipatti constituency, after the elected representative for the seat, gave up his membership. Winning the election by a handsome margin, Jayalalithaa took over the Chief Ministership again. She till 2008 was party in a few criminal litigations, from her first term rule, in the courts in the neighbouring Karnataka state but has been acquitted in 2011.[22]

After the 2006 assembly elections, O. Panneerselvam was elected the AIADMK legislature party leader and hence the Leader of the Opposition in the assembly after she decided not to attend the assembly except if "absolutely necessary". However, she, by virtue of her strong control over her party, was considered to be the de-facto leader of the opposition in the state. Later that month when all the attending AIADMK MLAs were suspended, she started attending the assembly. She was elected the legislature party leader. Of the 11 corruption cases levied against her in period 1996-2003, she was acquitted in 9.[23][24] In 2011, she once again became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu.

Member of the legislative assembly

Year Status Place
1989 Elected Bodinayakkanur
1991 Elected Bargur, Kangayeam
1996 Lost Bargur
2001 Elected Andipatti
2006 Reelected Andipatti
2011 Elected Srirangam

Chief Minister

From To Election
1991 1996 1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election
2002 2006 2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election
2011 Present 2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election

Third term as Chief Minister

Main article: J. Jayalalitha's third term as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

Jayalalitha was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time on 16 May 2011. She was elected unanimously as the leader of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) legislature party after winning the 14th election held on 13 April 2011.[25]

Awards and honors

Special honors

Filmfare Awards South

Parital filmography

File:Jjkumar.JPG
Photo of Jayalalithaa, 1968
Film Co-Star
Vennira Aadai Sreekanth
Aayirathil Oruvan M.G. Ramachandran
Kavalkaran M.G. Ramachandran, Prem Nazir
Izzat (1968 Hindi film) Dharmendra
Adimai Penn M.G. Ramachandran, Prem Nazir
Oli Vilakku M.G. Ramachandran, Prem Nazir
Kanni Thai M.G. Ramachandran, Prem Nazir
Mugarasi M. G. Ramachandran
Thani Piravi M.G. Ramachandran
Annamitta Kai M.G. Ramachandran
Neerum Neruppum M.G. Ramachandran
Engal Thangam M.G. Ramachandran
Thalaivan M.G. Ramachandran
Mattukkara Velan M.G. Ramachandran
Kadhal Vaganam M.G. Ramachandran
Kanavan M.G. Ramachandran
Kudiyiruntha Koil M.G. Ramachandran
Ther Thiruvizha M.G. Ramachandran
Ragasiya Police 115 M.G. Ramachandran
Chandrodhayam M.G. Ramachandran
Pudhiya Boomi M.G. Ramachandran
Anbu Thangai R. Muthuraman, Kamal Haasan
Arasa Kattalai M.G. Ramachandran, B. Sarojadevi
Raman Thediya Seethai M.G. Ramachandran
Kannan En Kaadalan M.G. Ramachandran
Chandrodayam M.G. Ramachandran
Thedi Vandha Maapillai M.G. Ramachandran
En Annan M.G. Ramachandran
Kumari Kottam M.G. Ramachandran
Pattikattu Ponnaiya M.G. Ramachandran
Nam Naadu M.G. Ramachandran
Pattikada Pattanama Sivaji Ganesan
Galatta Kalyanam Sivaji Ganesan
Sumathi En Sundari Sivaji Ganesan
Engirundho Vandhal Sivaji Ganesan
Neethi Sivaji Ganesan
Savale Samali Sivaji Ganesan
Raja Sivaji Ganesan
Deiva Magan Sivaji Ganesan
Motor Sundarampillai Sivaji Ganesan, Ravichandran
Pattum Bharathamum Sivaji Ganesan
Kandan Karunai Sivaji Ganesan, Sivakumar
Enga Maama Sivaji Ganesan
Thaai Sivaji Ganesan
Guru Dakshanai Sivaji Ganesan, Padmini
Annai Velankanni Gemini Ganesan
Sri Krishna Leela Sivakumar, Sri Vidya
Sakthi Leelai Gemini Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya
Iru Deivangal Gemini Ganesan
Aadhi Parasakthi Gemini Ganesan
Suryakanthi R. Muthuraman
Thirumangalyam R. Muthuraman
Vairam Jaishankar
Yaar Nee Jaishankar
Nee Jaishankar
Bommalattam Jaishankar
Unnai Sutrum Ulagam Kamal Haasan
Kumari Penn Ravichandran
Bhagdad Perazhagi Ravichandran
Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal Sarath Babu

Playback singing

She has also rendered her voice for few songs in Tamil films picturised on herself.

Song Movie Singer(s) Lyrics Music
Amma Endraal Anbu Adimai Pen (1969) J. Jayalalitha Vaali K. V. Mahadevan
Oh Meri Dilruba Sooriyakaanthi (1973) T. M. Soundararajan, J. Jayalalitha Vaali M. S. Viswanathan
Naan Endraal Adhu Sooriyakaanthi (1973) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & J. Jayalalitha Vaali & Randor Guy M. S. Viswanathan
Kangalil Aayiram Vandhaale Maharaasi (1973) T. M. Soundararajan & J. Jayalalitha Vaali Shankar Ganesh
Iru Maangani Pol Vairam (1974) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & J. Jayalalitha Kannadasan T. R. Papa
Chithira Mandapathil Anbai Thedi (1974) T. M. Soundararajan & J. Jayalalitha Kannadasan M. S. Viswanathan
Thirumangalyam Kollum Murai Thirumangalyam (1974) P. Susheela & J. Jayalalitha Kannadasan M. S. Viswanathan
Ulagam Oru Naal Pirandhadhu Thirumangalyam (1974) J. Jayalalitha Kannadasan M. S. Viswanathan
Madras Mailu Unnai Sutrum Ulagam J. Jayalalitha & L. R. Easwari Vaali Shankar Ganesh
MaaRi Varum Ulaginiley J. Jayalalitha Kunnakkudi Vaidyanathan

References

  1. ^ On 21 September 2001, a five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India ruled in a unanimous verdict that "a person who is convicted for a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of quo warranto must issue". In effect her appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid with retrospective effect. Therefore, technically, she was not the Chief Minister in the period between 14 May 2001 and 21 September 2001 (The Hindu — SC unseats Jayalalithaa as CM, Full text of the judgment from official Supreme Court site).
  2. ^ http://www.expressindia.com/news/print.php?newsid=31418
  3. ^ a b c Raman AS, (2001) The Iron Lady of India on Findarticles.com.
  4. ^ a b Profile of Jayalalitha on Tamil Nadu Government website.
  5. ^ "Dr. J. Jayalalitha » Movie Career". Puratchithalaivi.org. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
  6. ^ Find Tamil Actress Jayalalitha Videos, Jayalalitha Movies, Jayalalitha Pictures and Filmography | Jointscene.com
  7. ^ The Image Trap: M.G. Ramachandran in Film and Politics Journal article by Robert L. Hardgrave Jr.; Pacific Affairs, Vol. 66, 1993 - Hosted on Questia
  8. ^ The Changing Politics of Tamil Nadu in the 1990s by John Harriss and Andrew Wyatt (PDF) Retrieved on 11 November 2007
  9. ^ Peter Goodspeed - National Post - 12 November 2003 - Online version
  10. ^ Family business as politics - The Economic Times 1 February 2006 ([Reproduced: http://www.swaminomics.org/et_articles/et20060202_Family_Business_as_Poli.htm])
  11. ^ Obituary for Janaki Ramachandran mentioning Jayalalitha's relationship with MGR - Asiaweek
  12. ^ Private lives go public - The Times of India, 25 March 2001 Retrieved on 11 November 2007
  13. ^ India offers Arnie a pointer or two - Asia Times
  14. ^ Krishna K. Tummala (1992). "India's Federalism under Stress". Asian Survey. 32 (6): 538–553. doi:10.1525/as.1992.32.6.00p01782.
  15. ^ Indian Politics: Encourages Durgas, Snubs Women - India Together 10 October 2006
  16. ^ Photoessay: Love Actually - MGR-Jayalalitha - Outlook (magazine)
  17. ^ Atul Kohli (1990). Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521396921. pp 162
  18. ^ Alida Brill (1995). A Rising Public Voice: Women in Politics Worldwide. Feminist Press. ISBN 1558611118. pp 61
  19. ^ Paul R. Brass (1994). The Politics of India Since Independence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521459702. pp 131
  20. ^ News item quoting the Supreme Court judgment
  21. ^ Text of the judgment by the Supreme Court of India
  22. ^ "Special court adjourns wealth case against Jayalalithaa to March 22". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 March 2010.
  23. ^ Jayalalithaa: Mother of comebacks - India - DNA
  24. ^ Jayalalitha acquitted of corruption in privatisation case
    | Asian Tribune
  25. ^ "Jayalalithaa sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  26. ^ a b c The Times of India directory and year book including who's who. The Times of India Press. 1984. Retrieved 6 June 2011.

External links

Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
First Tenure
1991-1996 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Second Tenure
14 May 2001-16 September 2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
(Quashed)
2002-2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Third Tenure
2011-2016 		Succeeded by
"Incumbent"

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