Future of the Indian Navy: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 16:32, 7 March 2023
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/220px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Carrier_Battle_Group_India.jpg/220px-Carrier_Battle_Group_India.jpg)
The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of November 2022, the Indian Navy has 45 vessels of various types under construction,[1] including destroyers; frigates; corvettes; conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines and various other ship, and plans to build a strong navy of 200 vessels and 500 aircraft by 2050. According to Chief of Naval Staff's statement in December 2020,[2] India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy.[3]
The increasing interest of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the Indian Ocean region[4] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as Boeing P-8 Poseidon and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel[5] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1.[6] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent.[7] Post-Chinese intrusions into Ladakh in 2020, it has been announced that the Indian Navy plans to upgrade the military facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the eastern seaboard as well as Lakshadweep on the western seaboard, with the aim of having a network of island airbases in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal which provides an infrastructure which will guarantee freedom of navigation and overflight to all Indian territories.[8]
Submarines
This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of an RFI is not a commitment for procurement.
Nuclear Submarines
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Boats | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arihant class | ![]() |
Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) | 4 | ![]() |
6,000–7,000 tonnes | 2 in service, 1 launched, 1 under construction | A total of four submarines were planned in two flights.[9] The first boat of the class, inducted in service. |
S5 class | ![]() |
Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) | 3 | ![]() |
13,500 tonnes | 3 planned | Project was approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.2 billion).[9][10][11] |
Chakra III (Akula) class | ![]() |
Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) | 1 | ![]() |
12,770–13,800 tons | 1 on order | On 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3 billion deal for the lease of another Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine. The submarine, dubbed Chakra III, should be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025.[12][13] |
Project 75 Alpha | Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) | 6 | ![]() |
6,000 tonnes | 6 planned | The Government of India had approved the construction of six such submarines in February 2015. These submarines will be designed by the Navy's in-house Directorate of Naval Design and indigenously built in the Shipbuilding Centre at Visakhapatnam. Initially, 3 submarines are planned to undergo construction in 2023–2024 while another set of 3 will get clearance later. The first submarine is planned to enter service in 2032.[14] |
Conventional Submarines
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Boats | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalvari class | ![]() |
Attack submarine | 6 | ![]() |
1,800 tonnes | 5 in service 1 launched [15][16][17] |
All deliveries are expected to be completed by 2023.[18][19] |
Project 75I class | Attack submarine | 6 | ![]() |
3,000 – 4,000 tonnes | 6 planned | Defence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth ₹53,000 crore (US$6.4 billion) in October 2014.[20] In April 2019, an Expression of Interest was issued for twelve stealth submarines capable of remaining underwater for much longer period and firing subamrine-launched land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles.[21] Official bidding process to start very soon as of Aug 2020.[22] The Ministry of Defence cleared the proposal to issue a tender for the construction of six conventional submarines.[23] | |
Project-76 class | Attack submarine | 6 | ![]() |
Under design phase | These are first class of conventional diesel-electric submarine to be fully designed and developed within India featuring AIPs. The design phase is expected to be completed by end-2024 and tenders are expected to be issued by defence ministry soon.[24][25] |
Midget submarines
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Boats | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle | Midget submarine | 2 | ![]() |
150 tonnes | 2 planned | Hindustan Shipyard Limited[26] will construct two midget submarine at an estimated cost of ₹ 2,000 crore. SOVs will be used by MARCOS for conducting special operations.[20] |
Ships
This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.
Aircraft carriers
Name | Picture | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IAC-1 Class | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
45,000 tonnes | One more planned | Indian Navy had been pushing for a 65,000 tonne carrier, but the demand has been put on hold due to expenses and technologies needed on board. So now Navy is considering another 45,000-tonne class carrier, same as INS Vikrant with more indigenous systems and better propulsions. |
INS Vishal | 1 | ![]() |
65,000 tonnes | Planned[28] | Estimated to be equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) CATOBAR system. Will have significant changes and greater size compare to INS Vikrant.
Initially nuclear propulsion was planned, but this was later changed to an integrated electric propulsion system due to the complexities involved in developing a nuclear reactor with a capacity of 500 to 550 megawatts that would possibly take 15 to 20 years.[29][30] |
Amphibious warfare ships
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Future Landing Platform Dock (LPD) | Landing helicopter dock | 4 | ![]() |
30,000 to 40,000 tonnes | 4 planned | Indian Navy has released RFI for 4 LPDs to be made by Indian shipyards. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) is expected. Ships will have 4x AK 630 with Electro Optical Fire control system, 8x Medium Machine Gun, 6x Heavy Machine Gun, Advancd towed decoy system, 16x SSM, 32x VL-SRSAM, 2x Heavy Lift Helicopters, 12 Special Ops Helicopters and 2x NSUAS etc.[34] | |
High Speed Landing Craft | 6 | ![]() |
285 tonnes | 6 planned | In September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops.[35][36] |
Destroyers
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Project 18 | ![]() |
Stealth guided missile destroyer | 5 | ![]() |
Next Generation Destroyers[37] | ||
Visakhapatnam class | ![]() |
Stealth guided missile destroyer | 4 | ![]() |
7,300 tonnes | 2 in service 2 launched |
Follow on of the Kolkata-class destroyer with improved stealth features.[38][39][40] |
Frigates
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nilgiri class | ![]() |
Stealth guided missile frigate | 7 | ![]() |
6,670 tonnes | 5 launched 2 under construction |
Four ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.[41][42][43] |
Talwar class | ![]() |
Stealth guided missile frigate | 4 | ![]() ![]() |
4,035 tonnes | 1 launched 3 under construction |
Two additional vessels of batch 3 are to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in Yantar Shipyard and another two of batch 4 are to be built in Goa Shipyard[44][45][46] |
Corvettes
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft | ![]() |
Corvette (ASW) | 16 | ![]() |
700–750 tonnes | 1 Launched,
13 under construction[47] |
Eight vessels each constructed by GRSE and Cochin Shipyard, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026.[48][49][50][51] |
Next Generation Missile Vessels | Corvette (ASuW) | 6 | ![]() |
2,200 tonnes | 6 planned | In January 2015, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for six next-generation missile vessels under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category.[52] An RfP worth $2.2 billion was filed by government of India to various Indian shipyards seeking for various warships including missile boats.[53] | |
NGC (Next-Gen Corvette)[54] | Corvette | 7 | ![]() |
3500 tonnes | 7 Planned | In 2016, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for seven next-generation Corvette under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category. Acceptance of necessity given by ministry of defence[54] |
Next Generation Fast Attack Craft (NGFACs)
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Next Generation Fast Attack Crafts (NGFACs) | Fast Attack Craft | 7 | India | 500 Tonnes | 7 planned | NGFAC are a planned Fast Attack Craft for the Indian Navy. Under this programme the Indian Navy intends to acquire seven advanced ships. Ships under this class will feature advanced stealth features like a low radar cross section (RCS), infrared, acoustic and magnetic signatures[55] |
Mine countermeasure vessels
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSL Mine Counter-Measure Vessel | Minesweeper | ![]() |
12 planned [56] | In February 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved the building of 12 minesweepers at a cost of ₹ 32,000 crore in Goa Shipyard Ltd. Likely to be taken on lease from Russia.[57] |
Patrol vessels
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Next Generation OPV | Offshore patrol vessel | 11 | ![]() |
2,500 tonnes | 11 planned [58] | Goa Shipyard Limited won the contract to build 7 OPVs and the remaining 4 are to be built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.[59] |
Replenishment ships
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HSL class | ![]() |
Fleet replenishment oiler | 5 | ![]() |
45,000 tonnes | 5 planned | Approved in 2014, originally planned to be built by Hindustan Shipyard with Hyundai Heavy Industries as technology partner.[60][61] After their agreement fell through, a consortium of Turkish shipyards replaced Hyundai.[62] |
Survey vessels
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GRSE class | ![]() |
Survey vessel | 4 | ![]() |
3,300 tonnes | 3 Launched 1 under construction |
In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$300 million). First ship Sandhayak is being built by GRSE and other three ships are being constructed by Larsen & Toubro.[63][64] Contract signed in October 2018.[65] Keel for first vessel laid down in November 2019.[66] Construction of second, third and fourth ship began on 29 November 2019, 16 November 2020 And 1 February 2021 respectively.[67][68] |
Miscellaneous
Class | Picture | Type | No. of Ships | Origin | Displacement | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unmanned Autonomous Boat Swarms | Unmanned surface vehicle | Unknown | ![]() |
Under construction | Indian Navy has signed an agreement with Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt. Ltd for armed autonomous boat swarms under ‘SPRINT’. These swarm boats will be used for high-speed interdiction; surveillance; constabulary operations; Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR). [69] | ||
Multi Purpose Vessel (MPVs) L&T | Multi Purpose Vessel (MPV) | 2 | ![]() |
3750 tonnes | Under construction | Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPVs) for Indian Navy at cost of Rs.887 Crore on 25 March 2022. These vessels will be used for multi-role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises.[70][71] | |
Nistar Class | Diving support vessel | 2 | ![]() |
9,350 tonnes[72] | Launched | In December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,019 crore (US$240 million). Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. Both the ships (Nistar & Nipun) have been launched on 22 September 2022.[73][74][75] | |
Cadet Training Ship | Training vessel | 3 | ![]() |
Unknown | On Order | Union Cabinet has accorded approval to sign a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of three Cadet Training Ships, at an overall cost of Rs 3,108.09 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from 2026. [76] | |
National Hospital Ship (NHS) | Hospital Ship | 1 | ![]() |
Unknown | Planned | One National Hospital Ship is proposed to be acquired. The anticipated delivery timelines for the first vessel is maximum of 48 months from the date of contract.[77] | |
Diving Support Craft | 5 | ![]() |
Under construction | A Contract for construction of five Diving Support Craft (DSC) has been signed by Indian Navy with M/s Titagarh Wagons Ltd, Kolkata on 12 Feb 21.[78] | |||
Tugboat | 4 | ![]() |
Under construction | 10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard[79][80] |
Aircraft
Type | Picture | Role | No. of airframes | Origin | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) | ![]() |
Carrier-based multirole fighter | Unspecified | ![]() |
Design Phase and planning | The design of the Omni Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA), an Air Force variant of the Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF), with significant design differences, was being studied as of 2020. The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025–26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2032. |
Multirole Carrier Borne Fighter | 26 | ![]() ![]() |
Planned | In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M. Number was revised to 36 from 57 in mid 2020[81] and again to 26 in end 2021 with a new G2G process envisaged after demonstration.[82] | ||
Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial System | Shipborne UAV | 10 | Planned | A proposal moved in fast track mode by the Indian Navy before the Defence Ministry, under which it will buy 10 Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial Systems for around ₹ 1,300 crores has been cleared by the government[83] | ||
MQ-9A Reaper | ![]() |
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle | 2 in service
10 more planned |
![]() |
Planned | India has planned to purchase 30 MQ-9A Reaper UAV, out of which 10 are for Army, Air force and Navy each[84] |
Dornier 228 | Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime Patrol | 12 | ![]() |
4 in service
8 on order |
These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.[85] | |
EADS CASA C-295 | Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime Patrol | 9 | ![]() |
9 planned | These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.[86] | |
Boeing P-8I Neptune | ![]() |
Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW |
12 6 more planned |
![]() |
12 in service
6 more planned |
Four ordered in 2016 at a cost of US$1.1 billion, ten more planned to be procured at a cost of US$3 billion. |
Sikorsky MH-60R | ![]() |
Multi-Role Helicopter | 24 | ![]() |
5 delivered[87]
19 on order[87] |
The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.They will be equipped with anti-submarine Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets. A contract for 24 helicopters was signed on US president Donald Trump's visit to India. |
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter | ![]() |
Indian Multi-Role Helicopter | 60 | ![]() |
Planned | Deck Based Multi Role Helicopter being developed to replace Sea King and augment MH-60R[88] |
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter | ![]() |
Multi-Role Helicopter | 123 | ![]() |
Planned | Requirement issued to HAL[89] |
Naval Utility Helicopter | ![]() |
Utility helicopter | 111 | ![]() |
Planned | To replace HAL Chetak helicopters.[89] |
See also
References
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