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*[[Justin Peroff]], drummer for the band [[Broken Social Scene]]
*[[Justin Peroff]], drummer for the band [[Broken Social Scene]]
*[[Anna Russell]], singer and opera parodist
*[[Anna Russell]], singer and opera parodist

===Authors===
* [[John Estrella|John A. Estrella]] - author of [[project management]], [[business analysis]] and [[software testing]] books
* [[Maria Estrella|Maria C. Estrella]] - author of [[software testing]] books


==Sister cities==
==Sister cities==

Revision as of 21:43, 18 January 2011

Town of Markham
Markham Civic Centre
Markham Civic Centre
Coat of arms of Town of Markham
Coat of arms
Official logo of Town of Markham
Motto: 
Leading While Remembering
Map showing Markham's location in York Region
Map showing Markham's location in York Region
Country Canada
Province Ontario
Regional MunicipalityYork Region
Communities
List of subdivisions
Settled1794
Incorporated1972 (town)
Government
 • MayorFrank Scarpitti
 • Deputy MayorJack Heath
 • Regional CouncillorsJim Jones, Joe Li, Gordon Landon
 • MPs
List of MPs
 • MPPs
List of MPPs
Area
 • Total212.47 km2 (82.04 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)[1]
 • Total261,573 (Ranked 16th)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Area code(s)905, 289
ISO 3166-2CA-ON
Websitewww.markham.ca

Markham (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈmɑːrkəm/ Mark-Am) is a town in the Regional Municipality of York, located in the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario, Canada. Markham is the largest town and fastest growing municipality in Canada, having grown by 70% since the 1991 Census.[2] The current population of Markham from the Canada 2006 Census is 261,573.[1] Within the Greater Toronto Area, Markham is the fourth-most populous municipality after Toronto, Mississauga, and Brampton. Markham is known for being the Canadian head offices of multinational high-tech companies such as Sony, Avaya, IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, Lucent, Sun Microsystems (now part of Oracle), Apple, AMEX and ATI (now part of AMD).

History

Main article: History of Markham, Ontario

Markham was first surveyed as a township in 1793 by William Berczy, who in 1794 led 75 German families from Upstate New York to an area of Markham now known as German Mills. Each family was granted 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land, however due lack to roads in the region many opted to settle in York (now Toronto) and Niagara. German Mills later became a ghost town. Between 1803 to 1812, another attempt at settling in the region was made. The largest group of settlers were Pennsylvania Dutch, most of whom were Mennonites. These highly skilled craftsmen and knowledgeable farmers were able to settle the region and founded Reesorville, named after the Mennonite settler Joseph Reesor.[3] In 1825, Reesorville was renamed to Markham having taken the name of its township. By 1830, a large influx of Irish, Scottish and English families began immigrating to Upper Canada, many settling in Markham.[4] Markham's early years blended the rigours of homesteading with the development of agriculture-based industries. The many rivers and streams in the township soon supported water-powered saw and gristmills and later wooden mills. With improved transportation routes, such as the construction of Yonge Street in the 1800s, along with the growing population, urbanization increased. By 1857, most of the township had been cleared of timber and was under cultivation. Villages like Thornhill, Unionville, and Markham greatly expanded.[5] In 1871, the Toronto and Nipissing Railway built the first rail line to Markham, which is still used today by the GO Transit commuter services. By 1850, the first form of structured municipal government formed when the Township of Markham was created.[6] In 1972, Markham was incorporated as a town in its population skyrocketted due to urban sprawl from Toronto. In 1976, Markham's population was approximately 56,000. Since that time, the population has more than quintupled with explosive growth in new subdivisions. Much of Markham's farmland has now disappeared, but is still found north of Major MacKenzie Drive. Controversy over the development of the environmentally sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine will likely curb development north of Major MacKenzie Drive. As of 2006, Markham comprises six major communities, which include Buttonville, Cornell, Markham Village, Milliken, Thornhill, and Unionville. Since the 1980s, the town has been recognized as a suburb of Toronto. Many high-tech companies have head offices located in Markham for the relative abundance of land, low tax rates and good transportation routes. Broadcom Canada, ATI Technologies (now known as AMD Graphics Product Group), IBM Canada, Apple Computer Canada, Motorola Canada and many other well-known companies have chosen Markham as their home in Canada. Hence, the town has been branding itself as Canada's "High-Tech Capital". An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected in front of the Markham Museum by the province to commemorate the founding of Markham's role in Ontario's heritage.[7]

Geography

Markham covers an area of 212.47 km2 (82.04 sq mi) and Markham's Town Centre is at 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883°N 79.250°W / 43.883; -79.250. It is bounded by 5 municipalities; in the west is Vaughan with the boundary along Yonge Street between Steeles Avenue and Highway 7 and Richmond Hill with the boundary along Highway 7 from Yonge Street to Highway 404 and at Highway 404 from Highway 7 to 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the south, it borders Toronto with the boundary along Steeles Avenue. In the North is borders Whitchurch–Stouffville with the boundary from Highway 404 to York-Durham Line between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the East it borders Pickering along the York-Durham Line.

Topography

Markham's average altitude is at 200 m (660 ft) and in general consists of gently rolling hills. The town is intersected by two rivers; the Don River and Rouge River, as well as their tributaries. To the north is the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north.

Climate

Due to Markham bordering Toronto, Markham shares the same climate as Toronto. On an average day, Markham is generally 1 to 2 °C (1.8 to 3.6 °F) cooler than in downtown Toronto[citation needed].

Neighbourhoods and communities

Markham is made up of many original 19th century communities (many of which, despite being technically suburban districts today, are still signed with official 'entering community' signs on major roads) each with a distinctive character:

Thornhill and Unionville are popularly seen as being separate communities. Thornhill actually straddles the Markham-Vaughan town line (portions of it in both municipalities).

Demographics

According to the 2006 Canadian Census Markham had 261,573 residents. This represents a 23% increase since the 2001 Census. The median household income was $77,163 with an average house value of $300,000. Markham is among the most affluent municipalities in Canada.

Census Population
1871 1,000
1901 967
1911 909
1921 1,012
1931 1,008
1941 1,204
1951 1,606
1961 4,294
1971 36,684
1981 77,037
1991 153,811
2001 208,615
2006 261,573
Ethnic Origin[8] Population
Chinese 63,890
Canadian 29,385
English 27,110
East Indian 19,415
Scottish 16,805
Irish 15,055
Italian 11,830
Jewish 10,105
German 7,780
French 6,345

46.1% of residents stated their religion as Christian, almost evenly split between Roman Catholics and Protestants. Non-Christian religions include Islam: 5.3%, Judaism: 5.3%, Hinduism: 5.7%, Buddhism: 3.4%, Sikhism: 1.1%, and 23% indicated no religion.

Government

See also: List of mayors of Markham, Ontario

Town Council

Markham Town Council consists of Frank Scarpitti as mayor, four regional councillors and eight ward councillors each representing one of the town's eight wards. Scarpitti replaced Don Cousens, who was a former Progressive Conservative MPP for Markham and a Presbyterian church minister. The mayor and four regional councillors are elected by the community to represent the Town of Markham at the regional level. Councillors are paid by the municipality for their services, but in many municipalities, members of council usually serve part-time and work at other jobs as well. The current members of council were elected by the residents to a four-year term of office, in accordance with standards set by the province. The selection of members for the offices of mayor and regional councillors are made town-wide, while ward councillors are elected by individual ward.

Markham Civic Centre

The town council is located at the Markham Civic Centre at the intersection of York Regional Road 7 and Warden Avenue. The site of the previous offices on Woodbine Avenue has been redeveloped for commercial uses. The historic town hall on Main Street is now a restored office building. The Mayor's Youth Task Force was created to discuss issues facing young people in the town and to plan and publicize events. Its primary purpose is to encourage youth participation within the community.

By-Laws

The town is permitted to create and enforce by-laws upon residents on various matters affecting the town. The by-laws are generally enforced by Town By-Law enforcement officers, but they may involve York Regional Police if violations are deemed too dangerous for the officers to handle. In addition the by-laws can be linked to various provincial acts and enforced by the town. Violation of by-laws is subject to fines of up to $20,000 CAD. The by-laws of Markham include:

Toogood Pond
  • Animal Control (see Dog Owners' Liability Act of Ontario)
  • Construction Permits
  • Driveway Extensions
  • Fencing and Swimming Pools
  • Heritage Conservation (see Ontario Heritage Act)
  • Home-Based Businesses
  • Noise
  • Parking
  • Property Standards
  • Registration of Basement Apartments and Second Suites
  • Sewers
  • Site Alteration
  • Waste Collection
  • Water Use

Town services

Police

There are no courts in Markham, but the town is served by an Ontario Court of Justice in Newmarket, as well as an Ontario Small Claims court in Richmond Hill. The Ontario Court of Appeal is located in Toronto, while the Supreme Court of Canada is located in Ottawa. Policing is provided by York Regional Police at a station (5 District) at the corner of McCowan Road and Carlton Road and Highway 7. Highway 404, Highway 407 and parts of Highway 48 are patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police. Toronto Police Service is responsible for patrol on Steeles from Yonge Street to the York - Durham Line.

Fire

Markham Fire and Emergency Services was established in 1970 as Markham Fire Department and replaced various local volunteer fire units. There are 7 fire stations currently serving Markham. Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport is also served by Markham's Fire service.

Hospitals

The main healthcare facility in the town is Markham Stouffville Hospital, located in the far eastern end. Markham is also home to Shouldice Hospital, one of the world's premier facilities for people suffering from hernias. For those living near Steeles, they sometimes will be able to receive treatment at The Scarborough Hospital Birchmount Campus in Toronto/Scarborough.

Education

High schools

Markham has a number of both public and Catholic high schools. All have consistent high scores on standardized exams and have some of the highest rate of graduates attending universities. [citation needed]

Seneca College's Markham Campus

Post-secondary

Markham currently does not have any universities itself, but Seneca College has campuses at Highways 7 and 404 and at Buttonville Airport. Most high school graduates continue to post-secondary education in universities across Ontario. There are local transit services that connect to various post-secondary institutions in the Greater Toronto Area.

Economy

In the 19th century, Markham was a vibrant, independent community with distilleries and breweries around the Highway 7 and 48 intersection. The Thomas Speight Wagon Works exported products around the world, and it was said that Markham was more active than York (former name for Toronto) was early on.

Today, it claims to be "Canada's Hi-Tech Capital" with a number of key companies in the area, such as IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, Lucent, Honeywell, Apple, Genesis Microchip, and is home to the head office of graphics card producer ATI (recently merged with AMD).

Markham also maintains economic and cultural cooperation agreements with the city of Laval, Quebec, which is the second largest city in the Greater Montreal area.

Parks

Further information: List of parks in Markham, Ontario
Circular pathway along Berczy Park.

Culture

Until the 1970s, Markham was mostly farmland and marsh, which is still reflected in events like the Markham Fair. Markham has several theatres, including the critically acclaimed Markham Little Theatre.[citation needed] and the Markham Youth Theatre.

The Markham Public Library system has 6 branches, with over 600,000 items in its collections.

Sports

Main article: Sports in Markham, Ontario

Town issues

Like most cities and towns in the Greater Toronto Area, Markham has a few issues it must deal with:

Urban growth

There is a desire by the Town to control urban sprawl by requesting higher density for new development. The town plan calls for more growth along Highway 7 and less towards the farmland to the north. A similar development in Cornell promotes the need for services to be closer to residences.

Transit plan

Linked to the concern of urban growth, Markham through York Region Transit (YRT) has implemented a transit system called Viva to ease the strain on the region's congested roads. Viva is similar to YRT but is used as an express bus service with the ability to change traffic signals to help reduce delays. The YRT is also planning to build a transit terminal somewhere near Cornell soon.

Attractions

Markham has retained its historic past in part of the town. Here a just few places of interest:

Heritage streets preserve the old town feeling:

There are still farms operating in the northern reaches of the town, but there are a few 'theme' farms in other parts of Markham:

  • Devonshire Stables & Country Bumpkins Pony Farm
  • Galten Farms
  • Whittamore's Farm
  • Forsythe Family Farms
  • Adventure Valley
  • Markham GO Station - built in 1871 by Toronto and Nipissing Railway and restored in 2000
  • Locust Hill Station - built in 1936 and re-located to the grounds of the Markham Museum
  • Unionville Station - built in 1871 by the Toronto and Nipissing Railway and restored as a community centre

Performing arts

Markham Theatre For Performing Arts

Markham is home to several locally-oriented performing arts groups:

  • Kindred Spirits Orchestra
  • Markham Little Theatre
  • Markham Youth Theatre
  • Unionville Theatre Company
  • Markham Concert Band

A key arts venue is the 'Markham Theatre For Performing Arts', at the Markham Civic Centre located at Highway 7 and Warden Avenue.

Annual events

Events taking place annually include the Taste of Asia Festival, Tony Roman Memorial Hockey Tournament, Markham Youth Week, Unionville Festival, Markham Village Music Festival, Markham Jazz Festival, Milliken Mills Children's Festival, Markham Ribfest & Music Festival, Thornhill Village Festival, Markham Fair, Olde Tyme Christmas Unionville, Markham Santa Claus Parade and Markham Festival of Lights.

Shopping

Markham is home to several large malls of 100+ stores. These include:

There are also a lot of higher-profile malls in nearby Toronto, and elsewhere in York Region. Many shopping centres in Markham are also Asian-oriented. This is a reflection of the large Asian, particularly Chinese Canadian, population found in Markham. They carry a wide variety of traditional Chinese products, apparel, and foods.

On Highway 7, between Woodbine and Warden Avenues, is First Markham Place, containing numerous shops and restaurants; this is several kilometres east of Richmond Hill's Chinese malls. Further east along Highway 7 is an older plaza is at the southwest quadrant with the intersection with Kennedy Road.

Pacific Mall is the most well-known Chinese mall in Markham, located at Kennedy Road and Steeles Avenue East, which, combined with neighbouring Market Village Mall and Splendid China Tower, forms the second largest Chinese shopping area in North America, after the Golden Village in Richmond, British Columbia.[citation needed] In close proximity, at Steeles East and Warden Avenue, there is the New Century Plaza mall and a half-block away there is a plaza of Chinese shops anchored by a T & T Supermarket.

There are also some smaller shopping centres in Markham, such as:

  • Metro Square
  • Peachtree Centre
  • New Kennedy Square
  • The Shops on Steeles and 404
  • Thornhill Square

Local media

  • TLM The Local Magazine -local satire & lifestyle magazine[9]
  • Markham Economist and Sun - community paper owned by Metroland Media Group
  • The Liberal - serving Thornhill and Richmond Hill
  • The York Region Business Times - business news
  • York Region Media Group - Online news
  • North of the City - magazine for York Region
  • Rogers Cable 10 - community TV station for York Region, owned by Rogers Media

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Markham, Ontario

Roads

Main articles: List of municipal roads in Markham, Ontario and List of regional roads in York Region, Ontario

Major highways passing through Markham include Highway 404 (from Toronto to Newmarket) and Highway 407, a toll highway that passes north of Toronto and connects Markham with Vaughan, Brampton and Burlington.

Highway 407 runs parallel to Highway 7, also known as York Road 7, which is a major east-west artery suffering from congestion due to development along its route. Other major east-west routes include 16th Avenue, Major MacKenzie Drive, and Steeles Avenue which forms Markham's southern boundary with Toronto.

Rail

Public transit

A VIVA bus

York Region Transit (YRT) connects Markham with surrounding municipalities in York Region, and was created in 2001 from the merger of Markham Transit, Richmond Hill Transit, Newmarket Transit and Vaughan Transit. YRT to connects to the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway system by way of Viva bus rapid transit from Finch station along Yonge Street, and Don Mills station through Unionville and on to Markville Mall.

The TTC also provides service in Markham on several north-south routes, such as Don Mills Road, Warden Avenue, Birchmount Road, McCowan Road and Markham Road. These routes charge riders a double fare if they are travelling across the Steeles border and most Markham residents choose to travel by car instead of public transportation.

GO Transit provides train service on the old trackbed of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, which connects Markham with downtown Toronto on the Stouffville commuter rail service. The line has stops at several stations in Markham, namely Unionville GO Station, Centennial GO Station, Markham GO Station, and Mount Joy GO Station. The Richmond Hill commuter rail line provides service to the Langstaff GO Station, which straddles Markham and Richmond Hill but is used primarily by residents of west-central Markham and southern Richmond Hill.

Air

Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport, Canada's 11th busiest airport (Ontario's 4th busiest),[10] caters to general aviation and business commuter traffic to Ottawa and Montreal. Operators at Buttonville include:

Notable residents, past and present

Actors/Actresses

Athletes

Musicians

Sister cities

References and footnotes

  1. ^ a b "Community highlights for Markham". 2006 Community Profiles. Statistics Canada. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  2. ^ "Total Population, Total Population Estimates, 1986 to 2008*". Town of Markham. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
  3. ^ Markham Village - A Brief History 1800-1919, Markham Public Library (website).
  4. ^ For a complete history of Markham's early years, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., Markham: 1793-1900 (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).
  5. ^ Cf. the detailed 1878 map, Township of Markham, Illustrated historical atlas of the county of York and the township of West Gwillimbury & town of Bradford in the county of Simcoe, Ont. (Toronto : Miles & Co., 1878).
  6. ^ Cf. C.P. Mulvany, et al, The Township of Markham, History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), 114ff.
  7. ^ Ontario Plaque
  8. ^ Selected Ethnic Origins, for Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) With 5,000-plus Population - 20% Sample Data
  9. ^ TLM The Local Magazine
  10. ^ Total aircraft movements by class of operation — NAV CANADA towers
  11. ^ LCE Aviation
  12. ^ Toronto Airways Limited
  13. ^ Buttonville Flying Club
  14. ^ Leggat Aviation
  15. ^ Sister Cities International
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