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Mentioning second backup date of 23 May at 03:22 EDT if necessary
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COTS Demo Flight 2 was supposed to take place as early as 2010, but was delayed first by internal SpaceX issues; and then in 2011 by NASA issues.<ref name="Av Week 2011-10-06">{{cite web|last=Norris|first=Guy|title=SpaceX Hints At New Slip In NASA Cargo Demo|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2011/10/05/08.xml&channel=space|work=Aviation Week|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|accessdate=2011-11-14|location=New York|date=2011-10-06}}</ref> As planned on the manifests, COTS 2 was supposed to fly in June 2011.<ref name="Spaceflight Now 20111209"/> That was pushed back to late 2011, and then it was further delayed by the failure of the Russian [[Progress M-12M|Progress 44]] cargo resupply vessel in August, which might have forced the ISS to be temporarily abandoned in mid-November.<ref name="AvWeek 2011-11-17">{{cite news|last=Carreau|first=Mark|title=SpaceX Demo Flight To ISS May Slip|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2011/11/17/06.xml&channel=space|accessdate=2011-11-22|work=Aviation Week|date=2011-11-17|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> Another delay was caused due to the berthing procedure which requires two ISS personnel to be trained and available for the berthing, as only one person was trained to berth the Dragon in early December 2011.<ref name="NASASPACFLIGHT.com 20111205">{{cite web|last=Bergen|first=Chris|title=SpaceX Dragon ISS flight to slip further, pending combined mission approval|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/12/spacex-dragon-flight-slipping-further-combined-approval/|publisher=NASA Spaceflight.com|accessdate=2011-12-06|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63ioTqntF|archivedate=2011-12-06|date=2011-12-05}}</ref> The launch date moved as follows: 6 June 2011, 8 October, 30 November and 19 December;<ref name="Spaceflight Now">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|title=Worldwide launch schedule|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/|publisher=Spaceflight Now Inc.|date=2011-11-26|accessdate=2011-11-27|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63WK7j50k|archivedate=2011-11-27|location=Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom}}</ref> and 7 January 2012, 30 April, and 7 May.<ref name="Spaceflight Now" />
COTS Demo Flight 2 was supposed to take place as early as 2010, but was delayed first by internal SpaceX issues; and then in 2011 by NASA issues.<ref name="Av Week 2011-10-06">{{cite web|last=Norris|first=Guy|title=SpaceX Hints At New Slip In NASA Cargo Demo|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2011/10/05/08.xml&channel=space|work=Aviation Week|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|accessdate=2011-11-14|location=New York|date=2011-10-06}}</ref> As planned on the manifests, COTS 2 was supposed to fly in June 2011.<ref name="Spaceflight Now 20111209"/> That was pushed back to late 2011, and then it was further delayed by the failure of the Russian [[Progress M-12M|Progress 44]] cargo resupply vessel in August, which might have forced the ISS to be temporarily abandoned in mid-November.<ref name="AvWeek 2011-11-17">{{cite news|last=Carreau|first=Mark|title=SpaceX Demo Flight To ISS May Slip|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2011/11/17/06.xml&channel=space|accessdate=2011-11-22|work=Aviation Week|date=2011-11-17|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> Another delay was caused due to the berthing procedure which requires two ISS personnel to be trained and available for the berthing, as only one person was trained to berth the Dragon in early December 2011.<ref name="NASASPACFLIGHT.com 20111205">{{cite web|last=Bergen|first=Chris|title=SpaceX Dragon ISS flight to slip further, pending combined mission approval|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/12/spacex-dragon-flight-slipping-further-combined-approval/|publisher=NASA Spaceflight.com|accessdate=2011-12-06|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63ioTqntF|archivedate=2011-12-06|date=2011-12-05}}</ref> The launch date moved as follows: 6 June 2011, 8 October, 30 November and 19 December;<ref name="Spaceflight Now">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|title=Worldwide launch schedule|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/|publisher=Spaceflight Now Inc.|date=2011-11-26|accessdate=2011-11-27|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63WK7j50k|archivedate=2011-11-27|location=Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom}}</ref> and 7 January 2012, 30 April, and 7 May.<ref name="Spaceflight Now" />


With a busy launch schedule at Cape Canaveral, and with other missions to the ISS, NASA and SpaceX did not announce a new date until mid-March for a 30 April launch.<ref name="Space 20120315">{{cite news|last=Chow|first=Denise|title=First Commercial Spaceship to Launch to Space Station April 30|url=http://www.space.com/14923-spacex-dragon-launch-space-station.html|accessdate=2012-04-06|newspaper=Space.com|date=2012-03-15|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66jkLi5Fh|archivedate=2012-04-06|location=New York}}</ref><ref name=report>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/iss_reports/2012/02212012.html|title=ISS On-Orbit Status Report 02/21/12|date=2012-21-2|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-03-01|archivedate=2012-03-03|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/65tPpoJa5}}</ref> More testing was required by SpaceX for the computer code that controlled berthing, causing another delay to be announced on 23 April, delaying the launch to 7 May at 9:38 a.m. EDT (1:38 p.m. UTC).<ref name="NASA Launch News">{{cite web|title=Commerical Space Transportation: SpaceX|url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/cargo/spacex_index.html|work=Exploration|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-05-02|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/67MjeEQrL|archivedate=2012-05-02|location=Washington|date=2012-05-02}}</ref><ref name="Delay to May">{{cite news|last=Moskowitz|first=Clara|title=New Delay for 1st Private Spaceship Launch to Space Station|url=http://www.space.com/15392-spacex-dragon-launch-delay-announced.html|accessdate=2012-04-23|newspaper=Space.com|date=2012-04-23|location=New York}}</ref> A further delay was announced by NASA, pushing the launch to sometime in May.<ref name="NASA Launch News" /> On 4 May, the new targeted launch date was set for 19 May at 04:55 EDT/08:55 UTC. The launch proceeded nominally but was automatically aborted at T- 00:00:00.5 when pressure in engine number 5 rose to unacceptable limits.<ref>post scrub press conference</ref> The backup date is tentatively set for 22 May at 03:44 EDT/07:44 UTC.<ref name=MaynineteenNASA/>
With a busy launch schedule at Cape Canaveral, and with other missions to the ISS, NASA and SpaceX did not announce a new date until mid-March for a 30 April launch.<ref name="Space 20120315">{{cite news|last=Chow|first=Denise|title=First Commercial Spaceship to Launch to Space Station April 30|url=http://www.space.com/14923-spacex-dragon-launch-space-station.html|accessdate=2012-04-06|newspaper=Space.com|date=2012-03-15|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66jkLi5Fh|archivedate=2012-04-06|location=New York}}</ref><ref name=report>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/iss_reports/2012/02212012.html|title=ISS On-Orbit Status Report 02/21/12|date=2012-21-2|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-03-01|archivedate=2012-03-03|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/65tPpoJa5}}</ref> More testing was required by SpaceX for the computer code that controlled berthing, causing another delay to be announced on 23 April, delaying the launch to 7 May at 9:38 a.m. EDT (1:38 p.m. UTC).<ref name="NASA Launch News">{{cite web|title=Commerical Space Transportation: SpaceX|url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/cargo/spacex_index.html|work=Exploration|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-05-02|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/67MjeEQrL|archivedate=2012-05-02|location=Washington|date=2012-05-02}}</ref><ref name="Delay to May">{{cite news|last=Moskowitz|first=Clara|title=New Delay for 1st Private Spaceship Launch to Space Station|url=http://www.space.com/15392-spacex-dragon-launch-delay-announced.html|accessdate=2012-04-23|newspaper=Space.com|date=2012-04-23|location=New York}}</ref> A further delay was announced by NASA, pushing the launch to sometime in May.<ref name="NASA Launch News" /> On 4 May, the new targeted launch date was set for 19 May at 04:55 EDT/08:55 UTC. The launch proceeded nominally but was automatically aborted at T- 00:00:00.5 when pressure in engine number 5 rose to unacceptable limits.<ref>post scrub press conference</ref> The backup date is tentatively set for 22 May at 03:44 EDT/07:44 UTC with a second backup date of 23 May at 03:22 EDT/07:22 UTC if a longer delay becomes necessary.<ref name=MaynineteenNASA/>


==Launch attempts==
==Launch attempts==

Revision as of 10:53, 19 May 2012

Template:Launching/Falcon Template:Infobox berthing cargo spacecraft

COTS Demo Flight 2 is the planned second test-flight for SpaceX's uncrewed Dragon cargo spacecraft, Dragon C2+, and the third overall flight for the company's two-stage Falcon 9 launch vehicle. It is expected to be the first American vehicle to visit the International Space Station (ISS) since the end of the Space Shuttle program, and the first commercial spacecraft to ever rendezvous and be berthed with another spacecraft.[1]

The flight is under contract to NASA as the second Dragon mission in the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) phase one program. The purpose of the COTS program is to develop and demonstrate commercial sources for cargo re-supply of the ISS.

Initially, the mission was to carry out a fly-by of the ISS, practice rendezvous maneuvers and berthing communications, and return to Earth. In July 2011, NASA gave tentative approval for combining the objectives of COTS 2 and COTS Demo Flight 3 into one flight. The proposed mission will first test rendezvous techniques and communications between Dragon and the ISS. If all goes well, then the mission's next phase would include berthing the Dragon to the ISS using the Canadarm2, staying for over a week, and having astronauts unload cargo, and then load it with Earth-bound cargo. It would then be unberthed and return to Earth with a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean near the California coast.

In December 2011, NASA formally approved the merger of the COTS 2 and 3 missions into the Dragon C2+ flight. There have been several launch date delays since the mission was announced, most recently on 19 May 2012, due to a launch abort at the last second before liftoff. The current targeted launch date is 22 May. If all the COTS objectives are successfully completed, then the Falcon 9-Dragon system will be certified to start regular cargo delivery missions to the ISS.

History

COTS 2 Dragon capsule being lowered onto its trunk at LC-40 on 16 November 2011 during pre-launch processing

NASA and SpaceX signed a contract for COTS cargo resupply services on 18 August 2006.[2][3] The agreement called for three test-flights, under the COTS phase 1 demonstration program.[4] The first COTS mission, COTS Demo Flight1, was completed successfully on 8 December 2010, when the Dragon capsule was successfully recovered from orbit, making it the first commercially-built and operated spacecraft to ever do so.[5] Due to the mission's success, SpaceX lobbied NASA to combine the COTS 2 ISS flyby flight, which would have seen a Dragon spacecraft approach the station but stay about 10 km away from it, and the COTS 3 flight that would actually berth with the ISS.[4] At a 15 July 2011 meeting, NASA tentatively approved combining the two COTS missions to accelerate the program into the operational supply mission phase in 2012.[6] On 9 December, NASA officially approved the merger of the COTS 2 and 3 missions into the renamed Dragon C2+ flight.[7][8]

The Falcon 9 launch vehicle arrived at SpaceX's Cape Canaveral, Florida facilities at Launch Complex 40 (LC-40) in July 2011.[9] The mission's Dragon spacecraft arrived at the launch site on 23 October 2011.[10] On 1 March 2012, a fueled countdown test called a Wet Dress Rehearsal (WDR), was successfully completed for the COTS 2 mission.[11] On 16 April its Flight Readiness Review (FRR) was completed by NASA and stated that a 30 April launch was feasible.[11][12] Following the review, and announced launch delay, the next major mission milestone was the successful Falcon 9 static-fire engine test on 30 April.[13] NASA approved Dragon's flight software on 11 May, solving an issue that had previously been responsible for several launch date postponements.[14] On 17 May, the mission passed its final launch review and the Falcon 9/Dragon were erected on the launch pad in preparation for the launch.[15] The first launch attempt, on 19 May, was aborted at T-00:00:00.5 due to a pressure issue in one of the Falcon 9's engines.[16]

Mission plan

Flight day one

The COTS 2 Falcon 9 with Dragon spacecraft vertical at launch pad on 17 May 2012

After the launch, main engine cut-off will occur at approximately the 180 second mark, and the first stage will fall away, and the second stage will ignite once the first stage is fully separated.[17] About ten minutes into the flight, Dragon will reach its preliminary orbit and deploy its solar arrays.[18] The initial COTS 2 tests begin during this flight segment, when Dragon performs a test of its Absolute GPS (AGPS) system, using global positioning system satellites to determine its location.[17] Next, Dragon will open its bay door which houses its grapple fixture and relative navigation sensors, a thermal imager and the LIDAR based DragonEye.[19] After a checkout of these sensors is complete Dragon will will demonstrate its ability to abort during an approach, first with a continuous firing of its Draco engines and then with a pulsed firing.[19] Then a free drift demonstration will begin, allowing the spacecraft to float freely without using its thrusters which would normally correct its orbital path.[18]

Flight day two

On flight day two, Dragon will begin a series of co-elliptic burns that will place the Dragon into a circular orbit.[19] Engine burns begin to be performed that will raise Dragon's altitude towards that of the ISS.[19]

Flight day three

On the flight day three, Dragon will perform a burn that will bring it to a path 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) below the station.[17] During this “fly-under,” Dragon will establish communications with the station using its COTS Ultra-high frequency Communication Unit (CUCU).[17] Dragon will perform a test of its Relative GPS (RGPS) system, which uses the relative positions of the spacecraft to the space station to determine its location.[17] Also, using the Crew Command Panel (CCP) on board the Cupola module, the Expedition 31 crew will briefly interact with Dragon, monitoring the fly-under and sending a command to Dragon to turn on its strobe light.[18] Once the fly-under is complete, Dragon will fire its engines to begin a loop out in front, above and then behind the station in a racetrack pattern at a distance between 7-10 kilometers (4-6.2 miles).[18] This will set the spacecraft up for a re-rendezvous with the station the next day.[18]

Flight day four

Artist's rendering of the Canadarm2 berthing Dragon to the Earth-facing mechanism on the Harmony module of the ISS

On flight day four, Dragon will perform another engine burn that will bring it 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) below the station once again.[17] A go/no-go is performed by NASA's Mission Control Houston team to allow SpaceX to perform another set of burns that will bring Dragon to within 1.4 kilometers (0.87 miles) of the station.[20] Another go/no-go will take place from Mission Control Houston, and then Dragon will move from up to 250 meters (820 feet) from the station.[20] At this point, the COTS 3 demonstration objectives begin.[20] Dragon’s DragonEye system will demonstrate and confirm that its position and velocity are accurate by comparing its LIDAR image to its thermal imagers.[18] A series of checkout maneuvers will commence.[18] The SpaceX flight control team in Hawthorne, California, will command the spacecraft to approach the station from its hold position.[18] It will move from 250 meters to 220 meters below the station (720 feet).[20] The crew, using the command panel, will then instruct Dragon to retreat, and the spacecraft will move back down to the hold point.[17] This test will ensure that Dragon’s range to the ISS is accurate, and that the flight control team sees the spacecraft’s acceleration and braking perform as expected.[18] It will hold at 250 meters, and once again the Dragon flight team will command it to approach the station.[18] At the 220 meter position, the crew will command the vehicle to hold.[17]

Another go/no-go is performed in Houston, and then Dragon is permitted to enter inside the Keep-Out Sphere (KOS), an imaginary sphere drawn 200 meters (656 feet) around the station that prevents the risk of collision with the orbiting complex.[18] Dragon will proceed to a position 30 meters (98 feet) from the station and will automatically hold.[18] Another go/no-go is completed, and then Dragon will proceed to the 10 meter (32 feet) position, which is the capture point.[20] A final go/no-go is performed, and the Mission Control Houston team will notify the crew they are go to capture Dragon.[20] At that point, from the Cupola module, Expedition 31 crew member Don Pettit will use the station’s Mobile Servicing System (Canadarm2) to reach out and grapple the Dragon spacecraft.[21][22] Pettit, with the help of fellow crewmember Andre Kuipers, will guide Dragon to the Harmony module's Earth-facing Common Berthing Mechanism, and berth it to the station.[20] If the rendezvous and Dragon testing runs long, Mission Control could elect to leave Dragon grappled to the station’s arm overnight before berthing it the next day.[18]

Flight day five and remainder of mission

On flight day five, after performing an inspection of the air inside Dragon, the crew will open the hatch between Dragon and the station.[18] Dragon will spend approximately nine-days berthed to the space station, allowing astronauts time to unload its cargo.[23] They will then load it with Earth-bound cargo.[23]

On its final day at the station, the crew will unberth Dragon from Harmony using the Canadarm2.[23] The arm will move Dragon about 10 meters away from the station and release it.[20] Dragon will then perform a series of engine burns what will place it on a trajectory to take it away from the vicinity of the station.[18] Mission Control Houston will then confirm that Dragon is on a safe path away from the complex.[18] Approximately four hours after Dragon leaves the station, it will conduct its deorbit burn, which lasts about seven minutes.[17] It takes about 30 minutes for Dragon to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.[18] It will be recovered from about 450 kilometers (250 miles) off the West Coast of the United States.[20] If all mission objectives are successfully completed, then the Falcon 9-Dragon system would achieve certification for cargo delivery and SpaceX would be allowed to begin its COTS contract.[24] If mission goals are missed or not performed up to specification, a COTS Demo Flight 3 flight will be scheduled for summer 2012, should it be needed.[25]

Payload

The pressurized section will carry 520 kilograms (1,150 lb) worth of cargo to the ISS, which includes food, water, clothing, cargo bags, computer hardware, the NanoRacks Module 9 (student experiments and scientific gear) and other miscellaneous cargo.[26] The return flight is planned to carry 660 kilograms (1,460 lb) worth of pressurized cargo back to Earth, the cargo includes experiment samples, experiment hardware, ISS' systems hardware and Extravehicular Mobility Unit hardware.[26]

Originally, SpaceX also intended to launch two secondary payload satellites from the Dragon sometime in the first 72 hours after launch;[27] however, on 28 December 2011, SpaceX and Orbcomm announced a revised schedule that dropped the satellite deployment from the Dragon C2+ flight plan.[28]

Delays

COTS Demo Flight 2 was supposed to take place as early as 2010, but was delayed first by internal SpaceX issues; and then in 2011 by NASA issues.[29] As planned on the manifests, COTS 2 was supposed to fly in June 2011.[7] That was pushed back to late 2011, and then it was further delayed by the failure of the Russian Progress 44 cargo resupply vessel in August, which might have forced the ISS to be temporarily abandoned in mid-November.[30] Another delay was caused due to the berthing procedure which requires two ISS personnel to be trained and available for the berthing, as only one person was trained to berth the Dragon in early December 2011.[31] The launch date moved as follows: 6 June 2011, 8 October, 30 November and 19 December;[32] and 7 January 2012, 30 April, and 7 May.[32]

With a busy launch schedule at Cape Canaveral, and with other missions to the ISS, NASA and SpaceX did not announce a new date until mid-March for a 30 April launch.[33][34] More testing was required by SpaceX for the computer code that controlled berthing, causing another delay to be announced on 23 April, delaying the launch to 7 May at 9:38 a.m. EDT (1:38 p.m. UTC).[35][36] A further delay was announced by NASA, pushing the launch to sometime in May.[35] On 4 May, the new targeted launch date was set for 19 May at 04:55 EDT/08:55 UTC. The launch proceeded nominally but was automatically aborted at T- 00:00:00.5 when pressure in engine number 5 rose to unacceptable limits.[37] The backup date is tentatively set for 22 May at 03:44 EDT/07:44 UTC with a second backup date of 23 May at 03:22 EDT/07:22 UTC if a longer delay becomes necessary.[38]

Launch attempts

Attempt Planned Result Turnaround Reason Decision point Weather go (%) Notes
1 19 May 2012, 4:55:26 am abort — Technical 19 May 2012, 4:55 am ​(T-0:00:00.5) 80% Launch was automatically aborted with higher than acceptable pressure detected in engine 5.[38]
2 22 May 2012, 3:44:00 am tbd 2 days, 22 hours, 49 minutes tbd

Gallery

  • COTS 2 Dragon capsule in SpaceX hangar at LC-40 on 23 Oct. 2011
    COTS 2 Dragon capsule in SpaceX hangar at LC-40 on 23 Oct. 2011
  • SpaceX technicians stow cargo in the COTS 2 Dragon at LC-40 on 4 April 2012.
    SpaceX technicians stow cargo in the COTS 2 Dragon at LC-40 on 4 April 2012.
  • Astronaut Don Pettit practices grappling Dragon in a simulation aboard the ISS on 11 April 2012.
    Astronaut Don Pettit practices grappling Dragon in a simulation aboard the ISS on 11 April 2012.
  • Dragon with trunk pontoons installed on 26 April 2012
    Dragon with trunk pontoons installed on 26 April 2012
  • The Falcon 9/Dragon vertical at launch pad on 18 May 2012 in preparation for the launch
    The Falcon 9/Dragon vertical at launch pad on 18 May 2012 in preparation for the launch
  • At launch pad around 05:00 EST on 19 May 2012 (five minutes after automated abort). Strongback is being reapplied.
    At launch pad around 05:00 EST on 19 May 2012 (five minutes after automated abort). Strongback is being reapplied.

References

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  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "SpaceX Demonstration Mission: Mission Overview" (PDF). NASA. 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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  21. ^ Harwood, William (16 April 2012). "SpaceX Falcon 9 tentatively cleared for April 30 launch to space station". CBS News. New York. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  22. ^ Harding, Pete (16 April 2012). "NASA FRR tentatively sets April 30 for Dragon's first flight to fully prepared ISS". NasaSpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  23. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference upcoming was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Dean, James (1 May 2012). "Falcon 9 engine test delights SpaceX Rocket set to send Dragon capsule on test run to ISS Monday". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  25. ^ Bergin, Chris (30 April 2012). "Falcon 9′s Merlin engines fire – hope to spell success for May 7 target". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b "SpaceX-D Manifest USOS (U.S. On-Orbit Segment) Cargo" (PDF) (Press release). NASA. 2012-04. Retrieved 2012-04-20. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  34. ^ "ISS On-Orbit Status Report 02/21/12". NASA. 2012-21-2. Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2012-03-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ a b "Commerical Space Transportation: SpaceX". Exploration. Washington: NASA. 2 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  36. ^ Moskowitz, Clara (23 April 2012). "New Delay for 1st Private Spaceship Launch to Space Station". Space.com. New York. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  37. ^ post scrub press conference
  38. ^ a b "SpaceX D2+ Mission info". NASA. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.

External links

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