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Russophilia

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For the 19th–early 20th century Ukrainian cultural faction in Galicia who espoused Ruthenian autonomy, see Galician Russophilia.

Flag of Russia
Saint Basil's Cathedral on the Red Square in Moscow

Russophilia (literally love of Russia or Russians) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the Soviet Union and/or the Russian Empire), Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym is Russophobia. In the 19th Century, Russophilia was often linked to variants of Pan-Slavism, since the Russian Empire and the autonomous Serbia were the only two slav-associated sovereign states during and after Spring of Nations.

Russophilia in Europe

American author Robert Alexander wrote: "I love Russians for their dramatic, emotional nature. They're not afraid to love, not afraid to get hurt, not afraid to exaggerate or act impulsively."[1]

Russophilia in Serbia

Russia is hugely popular in Serbia, and Serbs have always traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared Slavic heritage, culture, and Orthodox faith.[2] According to European Council on Foreign Relations, 54% of Serbians see Russia as an ally. In comparison, 11% see European Union as an ally, and only 6% see United States in the same manner.[3] During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a pro-Russian rally was held in Belgrade, attended by 4,000 people.[4][5]

The Serbian village of Putinovo's inhabitants renamed their village in honor of Vladimir Putin.[6][7] In Belgrade, there are the Russian Center of Science and Culture and the Hotel Moskva.

Russophilia in Montenegro

Montenegro is also an Eastern Orthodox and Slavic country. There is the Moscow Bridge[8] in Podgorica, and a statue of Russian singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky next to the bridge. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a pro-Russian rally was held in Nikšić.[9]

Map showing the Russian Federation in dark red with Russian-occupied territories in Europe in light red.

Russophilia in Ukraine

See also: Galician Russophilia and 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
Pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk, Donetsk People's Republic

Following Ukrainian independence in 1991 Ukrainians, mostly in the east and south of the country, voted to a see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union.[10] Russia and Ukraine enjoyed especially close economic ties, while the Russophilic political party, the Party of Regions, became the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada in 2006. It would remain a dominant force in Ukrainian politics, until the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. Following the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative,[11] with most Ukrainians favoring NATO[12] and European Union[13] membership.

41% of Ukrainians had a "good" attitude towards Russians (42% negatively),[14] while in general 54% of Russians had a positive attitude towards Ukraine, according to an October 2021 of the country's population.[citation needed] As of 2021, there were several parties in Ukraine considered Russophile[according to whom?] including the Opposition Platform — For Life, the Opposition Bloc, Our Land, Nashi and the Party of Shariy.[citation needed]

Russophilia in Asia

Russophilia in Vietnam

Favorable perceptions of Russia in Vietnam have 83% of Vietnamese people viewing Russia's influence positively in 2017.[15] This stems from the former Soviet Union support of Vietnam during the Vietnam War.[16]

Russophilia in Iran

According to a December 2018 survey by IranPoll, 63.8% of Iranians have a favorable view of Russia.[17]

Russophilia in Indonesia

Support for Russia remains high among Indonesians as they found animosity towards the West and support for Russia owing to Moscow's perceived ties with Muslims and the Islamic world. The US and its allies also invaded Afghanistan and Iraq, and neglected Palestinians suffering under occupying Israeli forces.[16]

Russophilia in Africa

Main article: Africa–Soviet Union relations
See also: Mali War

Pro-Russian protests during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and pro-Ukrainian, anti-war protests around the world, many pro-Russian counter-protests were held. Such protests were held in several countries, including Australia,[citation needed] Burkina Faso,[18] the Central African Republic,[19] the Czech Republic,[20] Germany,[21] Moldova,[22] Palestine,[23] Serbia[24][25] and the United Kingdom.[26] Protests were also held in by pro-Russian activists in several Ukrainian cities, including Donetsk, Druzhkivka, Horlivka, Izyum, Kharkiv, Khartsyzk, Kramatorsk, Luhansk, Makyiyvka, Mariupol, Slovyansk and Yenakiiev.[27]

Pro-Russian political parties

Main article: List of pro-Russian political parties

Historic

See also

References

  1. ^ "Book Group Guide – Rusoff Agency". Rusoffagency.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  2. ^ "Зашто је Путин толико популаран у Србији? – Центар за развој међународне сарадње". crms.org.rs. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  3. ^ "Pandemic trends: Serbia looks east, Ukraine looks west". ecfr.eu. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  4. ^ Filipovic, Branko (5 March 2022). "Pro-Russia Serbs march in Belgrade as country treads ever finer line between East and West". Reuters. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  5. ^ "Thousands of pro-Russia Serbs march in Belgrade". BBC News. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  6. ^ "Serbian village renamed for Putin would welcome Trump, too". NBC News. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  7. ^ Коцић, Данило. "Путиново, село с 12 душа". Politika Online. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  8. ^ "Moscow bridge in Podgorica". Androidvodic.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  9. ^ Reuters (1 March 2022). "Serb nationalists in Montenegro rally in support of Russia". Reuters. Retrieved 7 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ Rapawy, Stephen (1997). Ethnic Reidentification in Ukraine (page 17) (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  11. ^ How Ukraine views Russia and the West, Brookings Institution (18 October 2017)
  12. ^ "Pledging reforms by 2020, Ukraine seeks route into NATO". Reuters. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  13. ^ Simmons, Katie; Stokes, Bruce; Poushter, Jacob (10 June 2015). "3. Ukrainian Public Opinion: Dissatisfied with Current Conditions, Looking for an End to the Crisis". Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Украинцы хуже относятся к РФ, чем россияне в Украине – опрос". www.kiis.com.ua/ (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Vietnam views of Russia". 16 August 2017.
  16. ^ a b "Anti-Western and hyper macho, Putin's appeal in Southeast Asia". Al Jazeera. 18 November 2022. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  17. ^ "State of Iran Survey Series". IranPoll. 8 February 2019.
  18. ^ "Pro-Russia protesters rally in Burkina Faso capital after second coup". Pro-Russia protesters rally in Burkina Faso capital after second coup. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Pro-Russia protesters rally in Central African Republic". Africanews. 5 March 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  20. ^ "Pointing to 'pro-Russian, extremist' ties, Czech premier condemns demonstration in Prague". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  21. ^ "Pro-Russia Supporters Rally in Germany, Face Off With Counterdemonstrators". VOA. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  22. ^ Tanas, Alexander (11 October 2022). "Moldovan president calls for tougher policing to tackle pro-Russia protests". Reuters. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  23. ^ Net, Al Mayadeen (6 March 2022). "Pro-Russian rallies in Palestine, UK, and Serbia". Al Mayadeen English. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  24. ^ "Pro-Russian Right-Wing Serbs Hold Another Demonstration In Belgrade". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  25. ^ "Thousands of pro-Russia Serbs march in Belgrade". BBC News. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  26. ^ Net, Al Mayadeen (6 March 2022). "Pro-Russian rallies in Palestine, UK, and Serbia". Al Mayadeen English. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  27. ^ "Pro-Russian Protests Appear in Strategic Towns in Ukraine's South And East". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  28. ^ "Salmond's Alba party asks West to think about 'Russia's security interests' in Ukrainian crisis". Yahoo News. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  29. ^ Sofia, Agence France-Presse in (26 March 2017). "Borisov's pro-EU party beats Socialists in Bulgaria's snap election". the Guardian. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  30. ^ "Prensa Latina - Latin American News Agency".
  31. ^ "Putin's friends in Europe". European Council on Foreign Relations. 19 October 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  32. ^ "L'accordo tra la Lega Nord e il partito di Putin". il Post. 7 March 2017.
  33. ^ Matteo Carnieletto; Elena Barlozzari (13 July 2017). "Ecco l'accordo tra Lega Nord e Russia Unita". il Giornale.
  34. ^ Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
  35. ^ "Forza nuova, Roberto Fiore e i rapporti con Putin - Lettera43". Archived from the original on 5 November 2019.
  36. ^ "Czech centre-left party approves joining coalition, new government close". Channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  37. ^ "Rusko – komunisti - svet". Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  38. ^ "Stirring the pot". The Economist. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  39. ^ "Austrian far right signs deal with Putin's party, touts Trump ties". Reuters. 19 December 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  40. ^ "Zelensky Is No Hero: World War Has Already Began". Liberty Web. IRH Press. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  41. ^ Janjevic, Darko (13 March 2019). "Vladimir Putin and Viktor Orban's special relationship". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  42. ^ "NAKA preverovala Kotlebu kvôli peniazom z Ruska". Aktuality.sk. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  43. ^ "Trzech posłów odchodzi z partii Korwin". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  44. ^ "Wielka wojna ojczyźniana w Konfederacji". Polityka. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  45. ^ "Konfederacja broni Rosji. Szokujące porównania i tezy [WIDEO]". TVP. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  46. ^ "New pro-Russia party stumbles in Lithuanian elections – Lewiston Sun Journal". Sunjournal.com. 25 October 2004. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  47. ^ Schulze, Jennie L. (2018). Strategic Frames: Europe, Russia, and Minority Inclusion in Estonia and Latvia. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-82296-511-4. In 2014, the party changed its name to the Latvian Russian Union, and adopted a pro-Russia stance by signing a cooperation agreement with the pro-Russia regional party Russian Unity in Crimea in order to "strengthen the unity of the Russian World."
  48. ^ Foer, Franklin. "It's Putin's World". The Atlantic. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  49. ^ @DFRLab (23 November 2017). "#LetsLeaveNATO trends in Turkey". Medium. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  50. ^ Moldova election: Pro-EU parties edge pro-Russian rivals BBC News 1 December 2014
  51. ^ "Прогрессивная социалистическая партия Украины присоединилась к". Regnum.ru. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
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  53. ^ "【声明】ロシアによるウクライナ侵略を非難する決議について（れいわ新選組 2022年2月28日）" [【Statement】about Resolution condemning Russian invasion to Ukraine] (in Japanese). Reiwa Shinsengumi. 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  54. ^ "SNS-supported gathering planned for Putin visit to Serbia". rs.n1info.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  55. ^ "Ultranationalism and Russia colour Serbia's election". Irishtimes.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  56. ^ "Belarus tries to follow in Moscow's steps and team up with the European far right". 26 June 2018.
  57. ^ "Pro-Russia party wins Latvia election". Bbc.com. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  58. ^ "After defeat, Greek PM calls for snap elections | Kathimerini". www.ekathimerini.com.
  59. ^ "National Democratic Party of Germany". Counter Extremism Project.

Media related to Russophiles at Wikimedia Commons

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