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Flagstaff, Arizona

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Flagstaff, Arizona
Official seal of Flagstaff, Arizona
Seal
Nickname: 
City of Seven Wonders
Location in Coconino County the state of Arizona
Location in Coconino County the state of Arizona
CountryUnited States
StateArizona
CountyCoconino County
Government
 • MayorJoseph C. Donaldson
Elevation
6,910 ft (2,110 m)
Population
 (2005)[1]
 • Total57,391
Time zoneUTC-7 (MST)
Websitehttp://www.flagstaff.az.us/

Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. It is the principal city of the Flagstaff, Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 57,391.[1] The total Metropolitan Statistical Area was 122,000. It is the county seat of Coconino County,Template:GR an important railroad town, and home to Lowell Observatory and Northern Arizona University. In 2005, Men's Journal named Flagstaff as No. 2 on its Best Places to Live list, and National Geographic cited the city in its list of "10 Great Towns That Will Make You Feel Young."[2] The city's name commemorates a Ponderosa Pine tree that was made into a tall flagpole by members of a scouting party from Boston (known as the "Flagstaff Tea Party"), on July 4, 1876, to celebrate the United States Centennial.

Flagstaff lies near the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau and along the western side of the largest contiguous ponderosa pine forest in the continental United States.[3] At an elevation of 6,910 feet (2,106 m), Flagstaff is located adjacent to 9,299 feet (2,834 m) Mount Elden, just south of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona. The San Francisco Peaks (known locally as simply "The Peaks") consist of several summits, including Humphreys, Agassiz, Fremont, and Doyle Peaks. Humphreys Peak, also known as Mount Humphreys, is one corner of this ancient volcano and the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,850 m). It is located about 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff.

History

File:Flagstaff az.jpg
Flagstaff ca. 1899; view of Post Office and other buildings on Terrace Street.

In 1855, then-Lieutenant Beale, surveyed a road from the Rio Grande in New Mexico to Fort Tejon in California, and passed over the present day spot of the city of Flagstaff. His camp was at the eastern extremity of the present city. The lieutenant had his men cut the limbs from a straight pine tree in order to fly the United States flag.[4]

The first recognized permanent settler arrived in 1876. Thomas F. McMillan built a cabin at the base of Mars Hill on the west side of town. During the 1880s, Flagstaff began to grow, opening its first post office and attracting the booming railroad industry. The early economy was primarily involved in timber, sheep and cattle. By 1886, Flagstaff was the largest city on the main line between Albuquerque and the West Coast.[4]

In 1894, Massachusetts astronomer Percival Lowell was in search of clearer skies to observe the stars and planets. He hired A. E. Douglass to scout out an ideal site for the new observatory. After an intense but colorful scouting mission in the Arizona Territory, Douglass identified Flagstaff as the best location for the now famous Lowell Observatory, with, "its good 'seeing,' dark skies, and high elevation." Two years later, the specially-designed 24-inch Clark telescope that Lowell had ordered, was installed. Thirty-four years later, Pluto was discovered using one of the observatory’s telescopes.[5] In partial homage to the city's importance in the field of astronomy, asteroid 2118 Flagstaff is named for the city and 6582 Flagsymphony is named for the Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra.

The Northern Arizona Normal School was established in 1899, an institution that later became Northern Arizona University in 1966.[4] Flagstaff's cultural history got a significant boost on April 11, 1899, when the "Flagstaff Symphony" made its concert debut at Babbitt's Opera House, located in what today is the second floor of the Babbitt Building in downtown Flagstaff. The orchestra continues today as the Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra, with its primary venue located at the Ardrey Auditorium on the campus of Northern Arizona University.[6]

The city grew quite rapidly, primarily attributable to its location along the east-west transcontinental railroad line in the United States. In the early days, the railroads purchased land in the west from the Federal Government, which was then sold to individuals to help finance the railroad projects.[7] By the 1990s, Flagstaff found itself located along one of the busiest railroad corridors in the U.S., with an estimated 80-100 trains travelling through the city every day, destined for locations such as Chicago, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and elsewhere.[8]

The famous transcontinental highway Route 66 was completed in 1926, with a route running right through Flagstaff. Flagstaff was incorporated as a city in 1928,[4] and in 1929, the city's first motel, the Motel Du Beau, was built at the intersection of Beaver Street and Phoenix Avenue by Mr. & Mrs. A.E. DuBeau of Los Angeles, right along the original alignment of Route 66 through the city. The Daily Sun described the motel as, "a hotel with garages for the better class of motorists." The units originally rented for $2.50 to $5.00 each, with baths, toilets, double beds, carpets, and furniture.[9] Flagstaff went on to become a popular tourist stop along Route 66, particularly due to its proximity to the Grand Canyon.

Flagstaff grew and prospered through the 1960s. During the 1970s and 1980s, however, many businesses started to spread out from the city center, and the downtown area went into an economic and social decline during this period. Sears and J.C. Penney left the downtown area in 1979 to open up as anchor stores in the new Flagstaff Mall on the east end of town, and they were joined in 1986 by Dillard's. By 1987, even the Babbitt Brothers Trading Company, which had been a retail fixture in Flagstaff since 1891, had closed its doors at Aspen Avenue and San Francisco Street. As Babbitt's was also one of the prominent retailers throughout northern Arizona, many saw this is the day that downtown died.[10]

It was in 1987 that the city had also drafted a new Master Plan, also known as the Growth Management Guide 2000, which would transition downtown Flagstaff from a regional shopping and trade center into a regional center for finance, office uses, and government. The city built its new city hall, city library, and the Coconino County Administrative Building in the downtown district, which would stake an investment by government for years to come. In 1992, the city hired a new city manager, Dave Wilcox, who had previously worked at revitalizing the downtown areas of Beloit, Wisconsin and Missoula, Montana. During the 1990s, the downtown area underwent a revitalization, as many of the city streets and sidewalks were cleaned up, and a different mix of shops and restaurants opened up to take advantage of the area's historical appeal.[10]

Geography

Flagstaff is located at 35°11′57″N 111°37′52″W / 35.19917°N 111.63111°W / 35.19917; -111.63111.Template:GR

At 7,000 feet (2,121 m) elevation, located in the largest contiguous Ponderosa Pine forest in the continental United States, the area around Flagstaff is considered a high altitude desert.[3] However, ecosystems spanning from pinon-juniper studded plateaus, high desert, green alpine forest and barren tundra can all be found within a short drive of Flagstaff.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 63.6 square miles (164.8 km²), of which 63.6 square miles (164.7 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) or 0.06 percent of it is water.

Climate

Flagstaff has four distinct seasons. The combination of high altitude, low humidity, and terrain provide mild weather conditions and clear air throughout most of the year, except winter. Weather in Flagstaff is very diverse with moderate summers but sometimes severe winters. Summer temperatures are moderate and high temperatures average around 80° F (about 20°F (-7°C) less than Phoenix).[4] The record high temperature is 97.0°F (36.1°C) on July 5, 1973, and the record low temperature is -23.0°F (-30.6°C) on February 1, 1985.[11] Brief, but often intense, afternoon rain showers and thunderstorms are common during the monsoon season of July and August, but overall, the city enjoys an average of 283 days without precipitation each year. The average annual snowfall is 99.5 inches (252.7 cm), and the average annual rainfall is 21.34 inches (54.1 cm).[4]

Flagstaff's mild climate during the summer months and its nearby ski resort makes the city a popular year-round weekend destination for residents of the Phoenix metropolitan area.

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F 66 71 73 80 89 96 97 92 90 85 74 68
Norm High °F 42.9 45.6 50.3 58.4 67.6 78.7 82.2 79.7 73.8 63.1 50.8 43.7
Norm Low °F 16.5 18.8 22.8 27.3 34 41.4 49.9 49.1 41.7 31.1 22.1 16.6
Rec Low °F -22 -23 -16 -2 14 22 32 24 23 -2 -13 -23
Precip (in) 2.18 2.56 2.62 1.29 0.8 0.43 2.4 2.89 2.12 1.93 1.86 1.83
Source: USTravelWeather.com [1]

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 52,894 people, 19,306 households, and 11,602 families residing in the city. The population density was 831.9 people per square mile (321.2/km²). There were 21,396 housing units at an average density of 336.5 per square mile (129.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.92% White, 1.75% Black or African American, 9.99% Native American, 1.25% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 6.05% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 16.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 19,306 households out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.3% under the age of 18, 21.7% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,146, and the median income for a family was $48,427. Males had a median income of $31,973 versus $24,591 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,637. About 10.6% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

BNSF train travels through downtown Flagstaff. The rail and freight industry has long been a part of the city's economy.

In its early days, the city's economic base consisted of the lumber, railroad, and ranching industries. Today, that has largely been replaced by tourism, education, government, and transportation. The three largest employers in Flagstaff are Northern Arizona University, the Flagstaff Medical Center, and the Flagstaff Unified School District. Tourism is also a large sector as the city receives over 5,000,000 visitors per year.[4]

Scientific and high tech research and development operations are located in the city, including the Lowell Observatory and Northern Arizona University. Lowell Observatory continues to be an active astronomical observatory, and is currently involved in work involving observations of near-Earth phenomena such as asteroids and comets, and has a distributed network of small telescopes which together create images of celestial bodies with much higher resolutions than any other single telescope can produce. The observatory is currently involved in a $30 million project with the Discovery Channel to build the Discovery Channel Telescope, a sophisticated, ground-based telescope with advanced optical capabilities for future projects.[12]

There are five industrial parks in the city, situated near I-40 and I-17. Major manufacturers in Flagstaff include W.L. Gore & Associates (widely known as the maker of Gore-Tex), manufacturer of medical equipment; Nestlé Purina PetCare, manufacturer of pet food; SCA Tissue, manufacturer of tissue paper; and Joy Cone, manufacturer of ice cream cones. Walgreens also operates a distribution center in the city.[4]

Air cargo carriers Federal Express and UPS fly direct from Flagstaff Pulliam Airport, and the city also has ten motor freight carriers. The one-day travel truck radius extends to Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Albuquerque, El Paso, Los Angeles, and parts of Mexico. Rail cargo transportation is served by the Burlington Northern Railroad and Santa Fe Railways.

With proximity to Grand Canyon National Park, the city also has a thriving travel and tourism industry, with numerous hotel and restaurant chains. The downtown area is home to two historic hotels, the Weatherford Hotel and the Hotel Monte Vista. The first Ramada Inn opened in 1954 at the intersection of U.S. Route 66, 89 and 89A adjacent to what was then Arizona State College (now Northern Arizona University). The original building is still intact today, operating as a Super 8 Motel.[13]

Arts and culture

Scenic Oak Creek Canyon is a short drive from Flagstaff, on the road to Sedona, Arizona.

Flagstaff's proximity to Grand Canyon National Park, about 75 miles (120 km) north of the city, has made the city a popular tourist destination ever since its early beginnings in the mid 19th century. By the mid 1880s, several stagecoach companies began operations out of Flagstaff, Williams, and Ash Fork, and interest in seeing the Canyon soared.[14] By 1919, when the park was officially recognized as a National park, the annual visitation was 44,173 people. Today, the park receives close to five million visitors each year.[15]

Route 66, originally running between Chicago and Los Angeles, greatly increased the accessibility to the area, and enhanced the tourist industry in the city.[16] Today, Route 66 remains as a historic route and popular tourist attraction, passing through the city between Barstow, California, and Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra is also popular among classical music enthusiasts, with concerts held from September through April at the Ardrey Auditorium at NAU.[6]

Other nearby tourist attractions include Walnut Canyon National Monument, Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Wupatki National Monument, Barringer Crater (meteor crater), The Arboretum at Flagstaff, and the Museum of Northern Arizona. The city of Sedona, Arizona, is also a short half hour drive from Flagstaff, traveling south along Arizona State Route 89A through scenic Oak Creek Canyon.

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Lake Powell are also both about 135 mi (216 km) north along U.S. Route 89.

Sports and recreation

There are no major league, professional sports in Flagstaff. The Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League have held their summer training camp at Northern Arizona University since the Cardinals moved to Arizona in 1988, with the exception of the 2005 season due to an outbreak of a flu-like virus.[17] The NAU training camp location has been cited as one of the top five training camps in the NFL by Sports Illustrated.[18]

Northern Arizona University and the city of Flagstaff also are home to the Center for High Altitude Training, a facility where athletes can train in the unique environment the city has to offer at 7,000 feet elevation. The center has been designated by the United States Olympic Committee as an official U.S. Olympic Training Site.[19]

Winter sports are also popular in the area, and the Arizona Snowbowl ski resort is located about 15 miles to the north of the city on the San Francisco Peaks. The resort had plans to expand their facilities, adding a fifth chair lift and snow-making capabilities using reclaimed wastewater to extend its ski season in dry years. However, these plans faced opposition by the Navajo and several other Native American tribes, who claimed that it violated their religious freedom, as the San Francisco Peaks are considered sacred in many of their religions. In March, 2007, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the snowmaking scheme violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, comparing it to using wastewater in Christian baptisms.[20]

Media

The major daily newspaper in Flagstaff is the Arizona Daily Sun. The Navajo Hopi Observer is a weekly newspaper that is commonly read by the Native American population.

Flagstaff is included in the Phoenix Designated market area (DMA), the 13th largest in the U.S.,[21] due to the use of several repeaters that provide access to the local television and radio stations in the valley.[22] There are also two local broadcast television stations serving the city; KNAZ-2 (NBC) and KFPH-13 (TeleFutura). The major cable television provider serving the city is NPG Cablevision.[23]

See also: List of radio stations in Arizona by market area

In popular culture

The Route 66 sign until the 1940s.

In the early 20th century, the city was considered as a site for a film by Jesse Lasky and Cecil B. DeMille, but was abandoned in favor of Hollywood.[24] Several recent movies have been filmed, at least in part, in Flagstaff, including Midnight Run, where Charles Grodin gave Robert De Niro the slip. Several of the running scenes in Forrest Gump were filmed in and around the area, including a memorable scene where Forrest is seen jogging in downtown Flagstaff and gives inspiration to a bumper sticker designer. Parts of 2007 Academy Award winner Little Miss Sunshine were also filmed at the junction of I-40 and I-17 in Flagstaff, and Terminal Velocity was also partially filmed in the city as well.[25]

During the 1940s and 1950s, over 100 western movies were filmed in nearby Sedona and Oak Creek Canyon. The Hotel Monte Vista in Flagstaff hosted many film stars during this era, including such notable guests as Jane Russell, Gary Cooper, Spencer Tracy, John Wayne, and Bing Crosby. A scene from the movie Casablanca was also filmed in one of the rooms of the hotel.[26]

The city was also mentioned in several novels, such as The Monkey Wrench Gang by Edward Abbey, depicting an encounter with a Flagstaff policeman. Frank Poole discusses his childhood growing up in Flagstaff in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 3001: The Final Odyssey. Author Richard Bausch wrote a short story called, All the Way in Flagstaff, Arizona. The city also appeared in Stephen King's book, "Firestarter."

In 2005, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition built a home in Flagstaff for slain soldier Lori Piestewa's two children and parents. Grizzly Peak Films also filmed Sasquatch Mountain, a feature-length film for the Science Fiction Channel about a Yeti, in Flagstaff and nearby Williams.[2]

The town's name is also mentioned in the lyrics to the song, "Route 66" by Bobby Troup.

Government

Flagstaff City Hall, located at the corner of Aspen Ave. & Route 66.

The city government is organized under a Council-Manager system.[27] The current mayor of Flagstaff is Joseph "Joe" C. Donaldson, who was first elected in 2000, and the current town council consists of the Mayor and six councilmembers: Councilman Scott Overton (Vice Mayor), Councilwoman Karen Cooper, Councilman Joe Haughey, Councilwoman Kara Kelty, Councilman Rick Swanson, and Councilman Al White.[28] The city's current Interim City Manager is John Holmes.[29]

Flagstaff is also the county seat of Coconino County.

Education

There are 19 Public schools with 11,500 students and 800 faculty and staff in the Flagstaff Unified School District. In 1997, Mount Elden Middle School was named an A+ School, citing an outstanding school climate, progressive use of technology and zero-tolerance discipline policy. The 1999 National Science Teacher of the Year, David Thompson, teaches physics at Coconino High School.[30] Three Arizona Teachers of the Year from 2001 through 2003 teach at Flagstaff High School.[31]

In addition to the numerous public schools, there are a number of charter schools operated in the Flagstaff area including Flagstaff Junior Academy, Northland Preparatory Academy, the Flagstaff Arts and Leadership Academy and the Montessori Schools of Flagstaff.

Flagstaff is also home to two institutions of higher education, Northern Arizona University (one of the three public universities in the state of Arizona), and Coconino Community College.

Transportation

Former Santa Fe depot, now Amtrak station, located on Route 66 near downtown.

Flagstaff is located at the northern terminus of Interstate 17, which travels 145 miles (232 km) south to Phoenix, Arizona. Interstate 40 runs east-west through the city, traveling to Barstow, California in the west and Albuquerque, New Mexico (and beyond) in the east. Historic Route 66 also runs east-west through the city, roughly parallel to I-40, and is a major thoroughfare for local traffic. Butler Avenue connects I-40 with downtown Flagstaff, and the major north-south thoroughfare through town is Milton Avenue. Arizona State Route 89A travels through the city (concurrently as parts of Milton Ave. and Route 66), going south through Oak Creek Canyon to Sedona.

Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak at the downtown station, connecting on east-west routes to Los Angeles and Albuquerque via the Southwest Chief line.[32] Amtrak also provides connecting bus service via Greyhound.[33] Local bus service is provided throughout the city by the Mountain Line.

Air travel is available through Flagstaff Pulliam Airport (IATA: FLG, ICAO: KFLG, FAA LID: FLG), located just south of the city off of I-17. The airport is primarily a small, general aviation airport with a single 6,999 feet (2,133 m) runway. The airport is currently undergoing a major expansion project to add 1,800 feet (549 m) to the north end of the current runway and lengthening the taxiway, to increase its viability for commercial and regional jets.[34] The expansion is expected to be finished by December, 2007. Service to connecting flights at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX, FAA LID: PHX) is provided by US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines.[34]

Sister cities

Flagstaff has four sister cities:[35]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population for All Incorporated Places in Arizona" (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 21 2006. Retrieved November 14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |year= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Staff Writer. "Flagstaff economy held steady in 2005." Arizona Republic. December 28 2005. Retrieved on February 22 2007.
  3. ^ a b "Biotic Communities of the Colorado Plateau." Northern Arizona University. Retrieved on March 2 2007.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Flagstaff Community Profile." Official City Website. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  5. ^ "Lowell Observatory History." Lowell Observatory. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  6. ^ a b "History of the FSO." Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  7. ^ Paradis, Thomas Wayne. "Theme Town: A Geography of Landscape and Community in Flagstaff, Arizona." Backinprint.com (February 2003). pp. 65-67.
  8. ^ Paradis, Thomas Wayne. "Theme Town: A Geography of Landscape and Community in Flagstaff, Arizona." Backinprint.com (February 2003). pp. 96-97.
  9. ^ Paradis, Thomas Wayne. "Theme Town: A Geography of Landscape and Community in Flagstaff, Arizona." Backinprint.com (February 2003). pp. 244-245.
  10. ^ a b Paradis, Thomas Wayne. "Theme Town: A Geography of Landscape and Community in Flagstaff, Arizona." Backinprint.com (February 2003). pp. 161-167.
  11. ^ "Flagstaff Weather: Records & Averages." Yahoo!. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  12. ^ Wotkyns, Steele. "Lowell Observatory and Discovery Communications, Inc., Announce Partnership to Build Innovative Telescope Technology." Lowell Observatory. October 15 2003. Retrieved on February 22 2007.
  13. ^ McDonough, Brian. "Building Type Basics for Hospitality Facilities." 2001. John Wiley and Sons, p. 11. ISBN 0471369446
  14. ^ Stampoulos, Linda Lee. "Visiting the Grand Canyon:: Early Views of Tourism." 2004. Arcadia Publishing, pp. 23-24. ISBN 0738528803
  15. ^ "Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon National Park: History & Culture." National Park Service. Last updated on March 29, 2007. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  16. ^ "Route 66 in the Flagstaff Area." theroadwnaderer.net. 2003. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  17. ^ Staff Writer. "Cardinals arriving for training camp." Northern Arizona University. July 26 2006. Retrieved on November 26 2006.
  18. ^ King, Peter. "My top five training camps: Places to get up close and personal with NFL players." Sports Illustrated. July 6 2005. Retrieved on November 26, 2006.
  19. ^ Staff Writer. "City of Flagstaff helps fund Center for High Altitude Training." Northern Arizona University. November 15 2006. Retrieved on November 26 2006.
  20. ^ "Court says no fake snow at Snowbowl." Casa Grande Dispatch. March 13, 2007. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.
  21. ^ Holmes, Gary. "Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006-2007 Season." Nielsen Media Research. August 23, 2006. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  22. ^ Faber, Daniel M. "Television and FM Translators: A History of Their Use and Regulation." 1993. danielfaber.com. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  23. ^ "NPG Cablevision: Contact Us." Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  24. ^ Mangum, Richard & Sherry (2003). Flagstaff Past & Present. Northland Publishing. pp. 60–61. ISBN 0-87358-847-9.
  25. ^ Moody, Annemarie. "Arizona in autofocus: Movies put state on road map." Arizona Republic. November 7 2006. Retrieved on February 27 2007.
  26. ^ "Legends of the High Desert: Haunted Monte Vista Hotel in Flagstaff." Legends of America. May 2005. Retrieved on February 27 2007.
  27. ^ "Council-Manager Charter for the City of Flagstaff, Arizona." City Government Website. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  28. ^ "Mayor & City Council." City Government Website. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  29. ^ "Administration Directory." City Government Website. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  30. ^ "District Information." Flagstaff Unified School District. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  31. ^ "Past Teachers of the Year and Ambassadors." Arizona Education Foundation. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  32. ^ "Flagstaff, AZ (FLG)." Amtrak. Retrieved on April 11 2007.
  33. ^ "Flagstaff - Greyhound Station, AZ (FGG)." Amtrak. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  34. ^ a b "Flagstaff Pulliam Airport." City Government Website. Retrieved on April 11, 2007.
  35. ^ Sister cities designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). Retrieved on April 11, 2007.

External links

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