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Boulder, Colorado

Coordinates: 40°01′03″N 105°16′47″W / 40.017624°N 105.27966°W / 40.017624; -105.27966
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Boulder
City of Boulder
Satellite city
Mountainside view of Downtown Boulder
Mountainside view of Downtown Boulder
Location in Boulder County and the State of Colorado
Location in Boulder County and the State of Colorado
CountryUnited States
StateColorado
CountyBoulder[1]
Settled1858 as Boulder City, N.T.
Incorporated1871-11-04[2]
Government
 • TypeHome Rule Municipality[1]
 • MayorMatthew Appelbaum
 • Deputy MayorLisa Morzel
Area
 • Satellite city25.7 sq mi (66.5 km2)
 • Land24.7 sq mi (63.9 km2)
 • Water1.0 sq mi (2.6 km2)
Elevation
5,430 ft (1,655 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Satellite city97,385
 • Density3,947/sq mi (1,524.0/km2)
 • Metro
294,567
DemonymBoulderite
Time zoneUTC-7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-6 (MDT)
ZIP codes[3]
80301-80310, 80314, 80321-80323, 80328, 80329
Area code(s)Both 303 and 720
FIPS code08-07850
GNIS feature ID0178680
HighwaysUS 36, SH 7, SH 52, SH 93, SH 119, SH 157
Websitewww.bouldercolorado.gov
Eleventh most populous Colorado city

Boulder is the county seatTemplate:GR and most populous city of Boulder County and the 11th most populous city in the U.S. state of Colorado. Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m). The city is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Denver.

The United States Census Bureau reported that in 2010 the population of Boulder was 97,385,[4] while the population of the Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area was 294,567.[5]

Boulder is famous for its colorful Western history, being a choice destination for hippies in the late 1960s, and as home of the main campus of the University of Colorado, the state's largest university. Furthermore, the city of Boulder frequently acquires top rankings in health, well-being, quality of life, education, and art.[6]

History

See also: Timeline of Boulder, Colorado history

On November 7, 1861, legislation was passed making way for the state university to be located in Boulder, and on September 20, 1875, the first cornerstone was laid for the first building (Old Main Building) on the C.U. campus. The university officially opened on September 5, 1877.[7]

Panorama print of Boulder, 1900

Boulder adopted an anti-saloon ordinance in 1907.[8] Statewide prohibition started in Colorado in 1916[9] and ended with the repeal of national prohibition in 1933.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1870343—
18803,069794.8%
18903,3308.5%
19006,15084.7%
19109,53955.1%
192011,06616.0%
193011,2231.4%
194012,95815.5%
195019,99954.3%
196037,71888.6%
197066,87077.3%
198076,68514.7%
199083,3128.6%
200094,67313.6%
201097,3852.9%
source:[10][11]

As of the census of 2010, there were 97,385 people, 41,302 households, and 16,694 families residing in the city. The population density is 3,942.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,524.0/km²). There were 43,479 housing units at an average density of 1,760.3 per square mile (680.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 88.0% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.2% some other race, and 2.6% from two or more races. 8.7% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.[12]

There were 41,302 households, out of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were headed by married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 59.6% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.84.[12]

Boulder's population is younger than the national average, largely due to the presence of university students. The median age at the 2010 census was 28.7 years compared to the U.S. median of 37.2 years. In Boulder, 13.9% of the residents were under the age of 18, 29.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and older, there were 106.2 males.[12]

In 2011 the estimated median household income in Boulder was $57,112, and the median family income was $113,681. Male full-time workers had a median income of $71,993 versus $47,574 for females. The per capita income for the city was $37,600. 24.8% of the population and 7.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.4% of those under the age of 18 and 6.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.[13]

Boulder housing tends to be priced higher than surrounding areas. For the 2nd quarter of 2006, the median single family home in Boulder sold for $548,000 and the median attached dwelling (condo or town home) sold for $262,000. According to the National Association of Realtors, during the same period the median value of single family homes nationwide was $227,500.[14]

Geography

Boulder's iconic rock formations, the Flatirons

The city of Boulder is in Boulder Valley where the Rocky Mountains meet the Great Plains. Just west of the city are imposing slabs of sedimentary stone tilted up on the foothills, known as the Flatirons. The Flatirons are a widely recognized symbol of Boulder.

The primary water flow through the city is Boulder Creek. The creek was named well ahead of the city's founding, for all of the large granite boulders that have cascaded into the creek over the eons. It is from Boulder Creek that Boulder city is believed to have taken its name. Boulder Creek has significant water flow, derived primarily from snow melt and minor springs west of the city. The creek is a tributary of the South Platte River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.7 square miles (66.5 km2). 24.7 square miles (63.9 km2) of it is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) of it (3.97%) is water.[4]

The 40th parallel (40 degrees north latitude) runs through Boulder and can be easily recognized as Baseline Road today.

Boulder lies in a wide basin beneath Flagstaff Mountain just a few miles east of the continental divide and about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Denver. Arapahoe Glacier provides water for the city, along with Boulder Creek, which flows through the center of the city.[15]

Denver International Airport is located 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Boulder.[16]

Climate

Autumn in Boulder brings many sunny days
Snowfall is common in Boulder throughout the winter

Boulder has a dry climate typical of much of the state and receives many sunny or mostly sunny days each year. Under the Köppen climate classification central parts of the city have a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk).[17] Winter conditions range from mild to occasional bitterly cold, with highs averaging in the mid to upper 40s °F (7–9 °C). There are 4.6 nights annually where the temperature reaches 0 °F (−18 °C). Because of orographic lift the mountains to the west often dry out the air passing over the Front Range, often shielding the city from precipitation in winter, though heavy falls may occur. Snowfall averages 88 inches (220 cm) per season, but snow depth is usually shallow; a strong warming sun due to the high elevation can quickly melt snow cover during the day. Occasional Chinook winds bring rapid warm-ups. Summers are hot and dry, with 30 days reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or above.[18] Diurnal temperature variation is large year-round due to the high-elevation dry climate.

The highest recorded temperature in Boulder of 104 °F (40 °C) occurred on June 23 and July 11, 1954. The lowest temperature recorded in Boulder was −33 °F (−36 °C) on January 17, 1930.

Climate data for Boulder, Colorado (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23) 		79
(26) 		90
(32) 		88
(31) 		95
(35) 		104
(40) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		100
(38) 		92
(33) 		79
(26) 		76
(24) 		104
(40)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 46.9
(8.3) 		48.3
(9.1) 		56.0
(13.3) 		63.3
(17.4) 		72.2
(22.3) 		81.6
(27.6) 		87.7
(30.9) 		85.3
(29.6) 		77.7
(25.4) 		65.8
(18.8) 		53.7
(12.1) 		45.3
(7.4) 		65.3
(18.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 22.2
(−5.4) 		23.1
(−4.9) 		29.2
(−1.6) 		35.6
(2.0) 		43.5
(6.4) 		51.3
(10.7) 		57.3
(14.1) 		56.1
(13.4) 		48.0
(8.9) 		37.8
(3.2) 		28.5
(−1.9) 		21.3
(−5.9) 		37.8
(3.2)
Record low °F (°C) −33
(−36) 		−28
(−33) 		−13
(−25) 		−3
(−19) 		17
(−8) 		20
(−7) 		40
(4) 		40
(4) 		15
(−9) 		−2
(−19) 		−12
(−24) 		−24
(−31) 		−33
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) .71
(18) 		.84
(21) 		2.12
(54) 		2.70
(69) 		2.81
(71) 		2.20
(56) 		1.79
(45) 		1.91
(49) 		1.63
(41) 		1.56
(40) 		1.34
(34) 		.90
(23) 		20.51
(521)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 11.6
(29) 		11.6
(29) 		17.2
(44) 		11.4
(29) 		.7
(1.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1.4
(3.6) 		5.6
(14) 		14.2
(36) 		13.9
(35) 		87.6
(223)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.3 6.4 8.4 10.0 12.1 10.4 10.4 10.8 8.3 7.2 5.9 5.7 101.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 5.2 6.3 6.4 4.2 .6 0 0 0 .5 1.8 4.8 5.4 35.2
Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[18]

Politics and government

Boulder is a Home Rule Municipality, being self-governing under Article XX of the Constitution of the State of Colorado; Title 31, Article 1, Section 202 of the Colorado Revised Statutes.

Politically, Boulder is one of the most liberal and Democratic cities in Colorado. As of April 2012, registered voters in Boulder County, which includes Boulder's more conservative suburbs, were 41% Democratic, 20% Republican, 1% in other parties, and 38% unaffiliated.[19] To residents and detractors alike, the city of Boulder is often referred to as the "People's Republic of Boulder," and "25 square miles surrounded by reality."[citation needed] Similar epithets are applied to other liberal cities surrounded by more conservative areas, such as Columbia, Missouri, Ithaca, New York, Madison, Wisconsin, Austin, Texas and Lawrence, Kansas.

In 1974, the Boulder City Council passed Colorado's first ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Boulder voters, however, repealed the measure by referendum within a year. In 1975, Boulder County Clerk Clela Rorex was the second in the United States to ever grant same-sex marriage licenses, prior to state laws being passed to prevent such issuance.[20] In 1987, Boulder voters reversed their 1974 vote, and the city became the first in the United States to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation by a direct vote of the people. [citation needed]

In 1996, Boulder became the first city in Colorado to enact a smoking ban that included bars.

Coexisting with the liberal tendencies of the population at large are the less numerous but politically active conservative and libertarian residents. Bob Greenlee, a Republican, was briefly the mayor of Boulder and ran against Mark Udall in 1998 for Colorado's 2nd congressional district.

Culture

Outdoor sports

Trailheads for many popular hikes are located at Chautauqua park.

Boulder is surrounded by thousands of acres of recreational open space, conservation easements, and nature preserves. Almost 60% (35,584 acres (144.00 km2)) of open space (61,529 acres (249.00 km2)) is open to the public.[21] There are hiking trails throughout the city-owned and county-owned open space. Mountain biking single track is also available. Road Biking is also prevalent in Boulder.

Rock climbing is found near the small unincorporated community of Eldorado Springs, south of Boulder. There are also climbing routes available in the city open space, including climbing routes of varying difficulty on the Flatirons themselves (traditional protection). Boulder Canyon (sport), directly west of downtown Boulder, also has many routes. All three of these areas are affected by seasonal closures for wildlife.[22][23]

Boulder is home to USA Ultimate (USAU), the governing body for the sport of Ultimate in the United States. USAU is a player-run non-profit organization, founded in 1979, with over 27,300 members and hundreds of volunteers.

Boulder is also the headquarters of USA Rugby and USA Climbing.

Film

Boulder International Film Festival

BIFF is held each February by the Colorado Film Society, a nonprofit organization founded by local filmmakers Kathy and Robin Beeck. BIFF is dedicated to providing the urban, film–hip audiences of the Denver/Boulder metro area with an early look at the best new films in international cinema. There also are conversations with directors, producers, and actors; world–class food and parties; and an opportunity to rub elbows with filmmakers in a winter wonderland. BIFF has hosted over 150 filmmakers from around the world since the Boulder–based Beeck sisters led the inaugural event in 2005. In 2009, actor Chevy Chase attended and was honored with an award.[24]

The Shoot Out 24 Hour Filmmaking Festival

Founded in 2004, The Shoot Out 24 Hour Filmmaking Festival Boulder has attracted filmmakers and film lovers from across the Front Range with its annual festival in which filmmakers are challenged to make a short film within 24 hours using in-camera editing techniques only and including five of the eleven items required by the organizers. The Top 10 Films are screened and awarded prizes at the Historic Boulder Theater on the same weekend of the event. The Worldwide Event Guide from Frommers wrote that "Hollywood may take years to create a film, but Shoot Out throws down the gauntlet with a challenge to make one in 24 hours."[25] The Shoot Out Boulder is listed as one of the unique events that "Keep Boulder Weird".[26][27] Best Film Festival 2007, Best New Festival 2004.

Bent Lens Cinema

The Bent Lens Cinema film series was founded in 1998[28] to provide Boulder County GLBT persons an outlet to counter invisibility and misinformation about GLBT life through community screenings of quality first-run GLBT films. "Equal parts political activism and community building," Bent Lens is also known for the community salons following each screening where patrons can socialize and connect with one another.[29]

International Film Series

The International Film Series is Boulder's first art-house film series established in 1941.[30] Since its establishment the IFS has continued to show over 100 films a year in correspondence with the University of Colorado at Boulder's fall and spring semesters. The IFS has brought world renowned directors and actors for special screenings followed by meet and greet sessions with the public.

Music

Boulder is home to a variety of music, from classical to jazz to pop, and from informal street performances to concert music performed in historic Macky Auditorium.

Founded in 1958, the Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra is a critically acclaimed professional orchestra that offers dynamic programming under the leadership of its Music Director Michael Butterman.[31] In addition, every year during the second week of January, Boulder is the host city of Colorado MahlerFest, an annual celebration honoring Austrian composer Gustav Mahler, on the University of Colorado at Boulder campus. Each summer features the acclaimed Colorado Music Festival, a six-week classical music festival with professional musicians from around the world, at the historic Chautauqua Auditorium. The most recent addition to Boulder's classical music scene is the emerging Boulder Chamber Orchestra. Founded in 2004 by Bahman Saless, this group offers unique and alternative programming and outreach to the community.

Boulder is home to several choruses, including Ars Nova Singers, the Boulder Chorale, the Rocky Mountain Chorale, the Cantabile Singers, the Jubilate Sacred Singers, and the Renaissance Project

The Boulder Theater is located in downtown Boulder, just off the Pearl Street Mall. Many world-class national and international musicians have played here.

Nick Forster of the bluegrass group Hot Rize tapes the environmental and musical radio program Etown Sunday evenings at the Boulder Theater.

On Wednesday nights from June through mid-August, local bands perform on the Pearl Street Mall just south of the Courthouse. Bands on the Bricks, as the event is called, features a different band each week, with styles ranging from zydeco to oldies, and bluegrass to funk. Buskers are frequently in downtown Boulder especially on warm days and weekends.

Northstar Studios 1975 – 1982 was built at 1831 1/2 Pearl Street. Notable recordings made there included "Got to Get You into My Life" by Earth Wind and Fire and "Netherlands" by Dan Fogelberg. Other notable musicians who used the studios include Zephyr, Firefall, Little Feat, Isaac Hayes, Carol King, Gerard McMahon, Cells, Gangbusters, Jerry Granelli, Don Cherry, ELO, Oregon, Rachael Faro.

Boulder is home to a branch of the Revels organization (www.rockymountainrevels.org) which presents an annual Solstice production at the Boulder Theater. The local branch, called the Rocky Mountain Revels, formed in Boulder in 2001. The Rocky Mountain Revels is the local satellite for the Revels organization founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1971, and is the only Revels troupe in the Intermountain West.

Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys is originally from Boulder, as are The String Cheese Incident, Leftover Salmon, Big Head Todd and the Monsters, Rose Hill Drive, Baldo Rex, 3OH!3, and The Samples. Jazz musician Chris Wood of Blue Note Records' Medeski, Martin and Wood grew up in Boulder. Al Jourgensen and Paul Barker of the industrial rock group Ministry went to school in Boulder. Award-winning blues musician Otis Taylor has lived in Boulder since 1967. Acoustic Junction, one of the original "Jam Bands" started in Boulder in the early 1990s. Acoustic Junction was led by Boulder resident and much acclaimed singer/songwriter Reed McGregor Foehl.


Traditions

Colorado Chautauqua

The Colorado Chautauqua has presented programs every summer since 1898 including lectures, music, cinema, adult education classes, and nondenominational sermons. Its grounds, including the historic Chautauqua Auditorium, are located about one mile (1.6 km) southwest of downtown Boulder, just south of the intersection of Ninth Street and Baseline Road. In recent years the Colorado Chautauqua has become a year-round operation.

When the Colorado Chautauqua (then known as the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua) originated, it was part of a large, nation-wide Chautauqua movement. The Colorado Chautauqua is (and was) an example of an Independent Chautauqua with permanent buildings at a fixed location, in contrast to Circuit Chautauquas, which were itinerant operations that traveled to temporary tent facilities across the U.S. and Canada performing shows. At the peak of the Chautauqua movement in the 1920s, there were more than 200 Independent Chautauquas around the U.S. and thousands of temporary tent sites.[32]

In recent years, the Colorado Chautauqua has featured many notable artists such as Andrew Bird, The Indigo Girls, CAKE, Marc Cohn, John Lithgow and The Weepies. Notables from the early years included William Jennings Bryan and Billy Sunday.

University of Colorado Events

The Colorado Shakespeare Festival, founded 1958, is a summer festival of Shakespeare held at the outdoor Mary Rippon Theater on the University of Colorado campus. The staging of Shakespearean plays at this outdoor venue dates to 1944.

The Conference on World Affairs, started in 1948, is an annual one-week conference featuring dozens of discussion panels on a variety of contemporary issues. Roger Ebert attends the conference every year and conducts his "Cinema Interruptus" lecture, spending many hours over a number of days closely analyzing one film. It was at the conference in 1996 that Ebert created the Boulder Pledge not to purchase anything offered through email spam.[33]

Considered one of the top comprehensive university museums of natural history in the U.S., the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, located on the University's Boulder campus, contains over four million biology, anthropology, and geology/paleontology research specimens. The Museum also sponsors lectures, classes, tours, and workshops for all ages and interests. Exhibits include fossils, animals of Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region, and ancient Southwestern cultures.

The Hiking Club at the University of Colorado at Boulder is the longest-running student organization on campus. It organizes member-run trips throughout Colorado and the Rocky Mountain Region for university students and affiliates.[citation needed]

Boulder Star

The arrangement of electric lights in the shape of a star on the east side of Flagstaff Mountain is a familiar symbol in Boulder. First turned on as a Christmas decoration in December 1947, the star survived several controversies to become what it is today—part of the area’s history and culture. In April 1948, the Boulder Chamber of Commerce converted the star into an Easter cross. Then, for two decades, the long string of lights alternated between the two symbols. In 1955, 1956, and 1960, someone, or some group, painted the bulbs red, speculated to have been part of a Communist conspiracy. In 1969, the star/cross was changed again—this time into a gigantic peace sign. Finally, some Boulder residents had had enough. They filed a complaint with the Boulder Human Relations Commission on the grounds that the star and the cross (both considered Christian symbols and located on city park property) violated the U.S. Constitution in its separation of church and state. Although the lights had sparked a controversy, they stayed on. The debate resurfaced a year later. In 1970, the same group brought to the Boulder City Council a resolution banning all lighted displays on Flagstaff Mountain. Of the Flagstaff star, a Boulder City attorney stated, "It is our job to guarantee rights of free speech, but that does not mean that one is guaranteed a platform which gives him a captive community audience." The termination of the cross was something people could accept, but the possibility that the star might have to come down caused an uproar among the majority of Boulder citizens. Eventually, the council determined that the cross had to go, but the star represented a "sense of community". In 1980, the star served yet another purpose. It was left on month after month as a reminder of the Americans held hostage in Iran. This ongoing use of electricity, however, upset environmentalists who removed the bulbs, chopped down the wires, and publicly announced that the man-made object disturbed wildlife and wasted energy. Even so, the majority of Boulder's residents still wanted their star, and, once again, they rallied to its defense. It has survived the test of time and appears to be here to stay.

Bolder Boulder

Boulder has hosted a 10 km road run, the "Bolder Boulder", on Memorial Day, every year since 1979. The race involves over 50,000 runners, joggers, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it one of the largest road races in the world. It has the largest non-marathon prize purse in road racing [media guide(PDF)]. The race culminates at the University of Colorado's Folsom Field with a Memorial Day Tribute, "one of the largest Memorial Day gatherings in the United States."[34]

Boulder Creek Festival

Mountainside view of Downtown Boulder

Every year during Memorial Day Weekend, a three-day festival takes place between Canyon Boulevard and Boulder Creek in downtown Boulder. Local vendors participate by setting up tents and selling their products, but the festival itself is free of charge. It features unique flavors of food and live music stages with performers young and old. In addition, there are activities for children, art shows, and a rubber duck race along Boulder Creek. Often, people who participated in the Bolder Boulder stop by after running. Sponsorships are run by Boulder Creek Events.

Boulder Kinetics

From 1980 until 2007, local radio station KBCO and other corporations sponsored Kinetics, a race from the banks of Boulder Reservoir and back by human-powered vehicles timed on speed and judged for style. The idea for a kinetic sculpture race was imported from Ferndale, California. KBCO 97.3 Radio suspended Kinetics for 2008, citing decreasing attendance and increasing costs for the last several years. In 2008 and 2009, the Kineticists Trials and Exhibition were organized by the participants. The 2008 event was held at the Twenty Ninth Street mall and the 2009 event was held on the Harvest House Hotel grounds. The water and land event was held in 2010 and 2011 at Union Reservoir, in neighboring Longmont.

Polar Bear Plunge

Beginning in 1983, hundreds of people head to the Boulder Reservoir on New Years Day to take part in the annual polar bear plunge.[35] With rescue teams standing by, participants use a variety of techniques to plunge themselves into the freezing reservoir. Once the plunge is complete, swimmers retreat to hot tubs on the reservoir beach to revive themselves from the cold.[36]

Naked Pumpkin Run

Starting in 1998, dozens of people have taken part in a Halloween run down the city's streets wearing only shoes and a hollowed-out pumpkin on their heads. In 2009, local police threatened participants with charges of indecent exposure and no naked runners were reported in official newscasts, although a few naked runners were observed by locals.[37]

April 20 (4/20)

Every year on April 20, thousands of people have gathered on the CU Boulder campus to smoke marijuana at and before 4:20 pm. The 2010 head count was officially between 8,000 and 15,000 with some discrepancy between the local papers and the University administrators (who have been thought to have been attempting to downplay the event). Eleven tickets were given out whereas the year before there were only two.[38]

In 2012, the University administration closed the campus to the general public on Friday, April 20, as a means of preventing this event. The size of the 2012 gathering was greatly reduced as a result.

Boulder Cruiser Ride

The Boulder Cruiser Ride is a weekly bicycle ride in Boulder Colorado. During May through September from 1994-2007 the Boulder Cruiser Ride grew from a group of friends and friends of friends riding cruisers around Boulder into "an all out public mob". Enthusiasts gather wearing costumes and decorating their bikes, themes are an integral part of the cruiser tradition. Boulder Police began following the cruiser ride as it gained in popularity. Issues with underage drinking, reckless bicycle riding, and other nuisance complaints led organizers to drop the cruiser ride as a public event.[39] Returning to an underground format, where enthusiasts must become part of the social network before gaining access to event sites, the Boulder Cruiser Ride has continued as a local tradition. On May 30, 2013 over 400 riders attended the Thursday night Cruiser Ride in honor of "Big Boy", an elk that was shot and killed on New Years Day by an off duty Boulder Police officer.[40]

Top rankings

Boulder has gathered many top rankings in recent years for health, well-being, quality of life, education and art.[6] The partial list below shows some of the nominations.

  • The 10 Happiest Cities – # 1 – Moneywatch.bnet.com[41]
  • Top Brainiest Cities – No. 1 – Portfolio.com[42]
  • Ten Best Cities for the Next Decade – 4th – Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine[43]
  • Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index – No. 1 – USA Today[44]
  • Best Cities to Raise an Outdoor Kid – No. 1 – Backpacker Magazine[45]
  • America's Top 25 Towns to Live Well – No. 1 – Forbes.com[46]
  • Top 10 Healthiest Cities to Live and Retire – No. 6 – AARP magazine[47]
  • Top 10 Cities for Artists – No. 8 – Business Week[48]
  • Lesser-Known LGBT Family-Friendly Cities – No. 1 – Wearegoodkin.com[49]
  • America's Foodiest Town – No. 1 – Bon Appetit magazine[50]

Education

Public schools

The Flatirons as seen from Fairview High School

The Boulder Valley School District (BVSD) administers the public school system in Boulder and also in the neighboring cities and towns of Broomfield, Lafayette, Louisville, and Nederland. The two largest high schools (grades 9–12) in Boulder are Boulder High School and Fairview High School, both part of BVSD. The District also operates the smaller New Vista High School in the building formerly occupied by Baseline Middle School, specializing in innovative and hands-on education. Boulder Valley also administers several middle and elementary schools in Boulder.

Charter schools

Charter schools (receiving public funding but under private management) within the city of Boulder include Preparatory High School (9–12), Summit Middle School (6–8), Horizons Alternative School (K–8), Peak to Peak Charter School (K-12) and Justice High School (9–12). The last is unusual in that it is operated in rented space in the Boulder County Justice Center, which also houses courtrooms, the sheriff's office, and the coroner's office.

Private schools

A variety of private high schools, middle schools and elementary schools operate in Boulder.

The private colleges in Boulder are:

  • Rivendell College private Christian Liberal Arts College
  • Boulder College of Massage Therapy
  • Ruseto College private two-year college for Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine
  • Southwest Acupuncture College private 2–3-year college
  • Culinary School of the Rockies
  • Homeopathy School of Colorado

Colleges and universities

Part of the campus at Naropa University, one of two accredited Buddhist-inspired universities in the United States.
  • University of Colorado at Boulder, public university which contributes roughly 46,000 residents (30,000 undergraduate students, 7,000 graduate students and 10,000 staff/faculty) to the population.
  • Naropa University offers undergraduate and graduate programs.

Science institutes

Economy and industry

'The Hill' is one of the centers of off-campus life for students at the University of Colorado.

The Boulder MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $18.3 billion in 2010, the 110th largest metropolitan economy in the United States.[51]

Major employers in and near Boulder include:[52][53]

Previously Sirna Therapeutics had its headquarters and its laboratory in Boulder.[58][59] In 2005 the company announced that it would move the headquarters to San Francisco.[59] The headquarters moved, while the laboratory facilities remained in Boulder, with administrative, manufacturing, and research facilities.[60] Sirna Therapeutics was acquired by Merck & Co. in 2006 in a cash transaction deal worth $1.1 billion.[61]

Transportation

Since Boulder has operated under residential growth control ordinances since 1976, the growth of employment in the city has far outstripped population growth. Considerable road traffic enters the city each morning and leaves each afternoon, since many employees live in Longmont, Lafayette, Louisville, Broomfield, Westminster, and Denver. Boulder is served by US-36 and a variety of Colorado State Highways. Parking regulations in Boulder have been explicitly designed to discourage parking by commuters and to encourage the use of mass transit, with mixed results.

Mass transit

Boulder has an extensive bus system operated by the Regional Transportation District (RTD). The HOP, SKIP, JUMP, BOUND, DASH and STAMPEDE routes run throughout the city and connect to nearby communities with departures every ten minutes during peak hours, Monday-Friday. Other routes, such as the 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209 and 225 depart every 15 to 30 minutes. Regional routes, traveling between nearby cities such as Longmont (BOLT, J), Golden (GS), and Denver (BMX/BV/BX/DM/HX/S/T), as well as Denver International Airport (AB), are also available. There are over 100 scheduled daily bus trips on seven routes that run between Boulder and Denver on weekdays. Route, schedule, and fare information is available on the RTD Web site, or by calling their Telephone Information Center at 303-299-6000. NextBus provides real time arrival information for RTD routes.

Future transit plans

Boulder is to be connected to downtown Denver by an RTD Bus Rapid Transit route along US-36. As of 2012, the Bus Rapid Transit project is expected to be completed by January 2015.[62]

A 41-mile RTD commuter rail route called the Northwest Rail Line is proposed to run from Denver through Boulder to Longmont, with stops in major communities along the way. The Boulder station is to be north of Pearl Street and east of 30th Street. At one time this commuter rail service was scheduled to commence in 2014, but major delays have ensued. As of 2012, the plan is to open in 2016 a 6-mile segment from downtown Denver to southern Westminster, at 71st Avenue and Lowell Boulevard. The remaining 35 miles of the Northwest Rail Line is planned to be completed by 2044, depending upon funding.[63]

These future transit projects are part of FasTracks, an RTD transit improvement plan funded by a 0.4% increase in the sales tax throughout the Denver metro area. RTD, the developer of FasTracks, is partnering with the city of Boulder to plan a transit-oriented development near Pearl and 33rd Streets in association with the proposed Boulder commuter rail station. The development is to feature the Boulder Railroad Depot, already relocated to that site, which may be returned to a transit-related use.

Cycling

Boulder, well known for its bicycle culture, boasts hundreds of miles of bicycle-pedestrian paths, lanes, and routes that interconnect to create a renowned network of bikeways usable year-round. Boulder has 74 bike and pedestrian underpasses that facilitate safer and uninterrupted travel throughout much of the city. The city offers a route-finding website that allows users to map personalized bike routes around the city.[64]

Airport

Boulder Municipal Airport is located 3 miles (4.8 km) from central Boulder, is owned by the City of Boulder and is used exclusively for general aviation, with most traffic consisting of single-engine airplanes and glider aircraft.[65]

Growth management

Government preservation of open space around Boulder began with the Congress of the United States approving the allocation of 1,800 acres (7.3 km2) of mountain backdrop/watershed extending from South Boulder Creek to Sunshine Canyon in 1899.

Since then, Boulder has adopted a policy of controlled urban expansion. In 1959, city voters approved the "Blue Line" city-charter amendment which restricted city water service to altitudes below 5,750 feet (1,750 m), in an effort to protect the mountain backdrop from development. In 1967, city voters approved a dedicated sales tax for the acquisition of open space in an effort to contain urban sprawl. In 1970, Boulder created a "comprehensive plan" that would dictate future zoning, transportation, and urban planning decisions. Hoping to preserve residents' views of the mountains, in 1972, the city enacted an ordinance limiting the height of newly constructed buildings. A Historic-Preservation Code was passed in 1974, and a residential-growth management ordinance (the Danish Plan) in 1976.[66][67]

Wildlife protection

Prairie Dogs enjoy special protection in Boulder.

The City of Boulder has created an Urban Wildlife Management Plan which sets policies for managing and protecting urban wildlife.[68] Also, the city's parks department has volunteers who monitor parks (including wetlands, lakes, etc.) to protect ecosystems.[69] From time to time, parks and hiking trails are closed to conserve or restore ecosystems.[70] Traditionally, Boulder has avoided the use of chemical pesticides for controlling the insect population. However, with the threat of West Nile Virus, the city began an integrative plan to control the mosquito population in 2003 that includes chemical pesticides. Residents can opt-out of the program by contacting the city and asking that their areas not be sprayed.[71]

Under Boulder law, extermination of prairie dogs requires a permit.[72]

Also in 2005, the city experimented with using goats for weed control in environmentally sensitive areas. Goats naturally consume diffuse knapweed and Canada thistle, and although the program was not as effective as it was hoped, goats will still be considered in the future weed control projects. In 2010, goats were used to keep weeds under control at the Boulder Reservoir.[73]

Media

Boulder's main daily newspaper, the Daily Camera, was founded in 1890 as the weekly Boulder Camera, and became a daily newspaper the following year. The Colorado Daily was started in 1892 as a university newspaper for CU-Boulder. Following many heated controversies over Colorado Daily's political coverage, it severed its ties to the university in 1971. Newspaper conglomerate Scripps acquired the Colorado Daily in 2005 after its acquisition of the Camera in 1997, leaving the Boulder Weekly as the only locally owned newspaper in Boulder. Scripps relinquished its 50 percent ownership in both daily papers in early 2009 to Media News Group. Boulder Magazine, a lifestyle magazine, was founded in 1977. Boulder Magazine is published three times per year.

Non-commercial community radio station KGNU was founded in 1978[74] and commercial music station KBCO in 1977. KBCO programs an adult album alternative format and is owned and operated by Clear Channel Communications. KBCO transmits from atop Eldorado Mountain south of Boulder.[75]

KVCU, also known as Radio 1190, is another non-commercial radio station run with the help of university-student volunteers. KVCU started broadcasting in 1998.[76] Boulder hosted Boulder Free Radio KBFR (pirate radio) one of the longest running pirate radio operations in the country, from 2000 to 2005.[citation needed]

Independent Radio

From March 2000 to January 2005 unnamed volunteers ran [[1], Boulder Free Radio broadcasting on 95.3 FM. In the five year span between 2000 and 2005 KBFR developed a method of playing "cat and mouse" with the [Communications Commision]which served as an important model to other radio enthusiasts.

In 2006 a small group of independent volunteers ex-expropriated equipment to continue broadcasting independent radio in Boulder, CO. Shortly after the Colorado Underground Radio Group (CURG) was founded and several independent stations sprang up

In 2008 volunteers began KGLR (Green Light Radio) a community organized, volunteer run group of enthusiasts looking to diversify the FM dial. KGLR has made a name by sponsoring local, community based events and organizations. KGLR has sponsored events such as the [for MS], Cannabis Cup, Desert Rocks, and the Arise Festival

Since 2008, 4 other independent radio stations have broadcast in the Boulder Valley. Each station has utilized unused sections of the FM frequency to broadcast important news, media, announcements and journalism. Stations have popped up across the Front Range of Colorado Spanning Fort Collins to Colorado Springs, all producing independent, unlicensed FM radio broadcasts for their community based on the model of KBFR.

Boulder is part of the Denver market for television stations, and it also receives many radio stations based in Denver or Ft. Collins. For cable television, Boulder is served by Comcast Cable. Over-the-air television reception is poor in the western part of the city because of interference from mountains.

Paladin Press book/video publishers and Soldier of Fortune magazine both have their headquarters in Boulder.[77][78] Paladin Press was founded in September 1970 by Peder Lund and Robert K. Brown. In 1974, Lund bought out Brown's share of the press, and Brown moved on to found Soldier of Fortune magazine the following year.[79]

View of Boulder from Bear Peak, the second highest point in the Boulder Mountain Parks. University of Colorado at the far left.

People

Notable births in Boulder include: John Fante (writer), Scott Carpenter (Project Mercury astronaut), Arleigh Burke (United States Navy Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations), Kristin Davis (Sex and the City actress), Tony Boselli (five-time Pro Bowl offensive tackle), Chuck Pagano (Indianapolis Colts head coach) and Dead Kennedys frontman Jello Biafra.

Chief Niwot or Left Hand, a tribal leader of the Arapaho, lived at the site of Boulder. In 1858, Captain Thomas Aikins and some would-be goldminers camped at present-day Setter's Park—in the midst of Arapaho territory. The chief and his people were camped at Valmont Butte: then and now a sacred site to the tribe.[80] Niwot and his war party rode to the settler's camp whereupon he pronounced his legendary curse:

People seeing the beauty of this valley will want to stay, and their staying will be the undoing of the beauty.

Notable Boulder residents include Albert Allen Bartlett, emeritus professor of physics and frequent lecturer on the dangers of compound growth, and also one of the principal backers of the Blue Line[81] in the late 1950s. Boulder is also home to Paul Danish, author of the Danish Plan[67] of residential growth control and editor and publisher of the former weekly Boulder County newspaper Town and Country Review.

Bill Bower, the last surviving pilot who took part in the Doolittle Raid, resided in Boulder from 1966 until his death in 2011.[82][83]

Boulder was also the home of JonBenét Ramsey when she was murdered in December 1996. The body of the six-year-old was found on December 26 in the basement of her home on 15th Street. The made-for-TV movie Perfect Murder, Perfect Town: JonBenét and the City of Boulder, based on the book of the same title, was released in 2000. It dramatized the investigation into the murder of JonBenét Ramsey. It was filmed on location in Boulder.[84]

The professional wrestler Big Van Vader (Leon White) was born in Boulder, was an offensive lineman for the Colorado Buffaloes football team in the 1970s.[85]

Shopping

Pearl Street Mall in Boulder

One of the most popular sections of Boulder is the famous Pearl Street Mall, home to numerous shops and restaurants. This four-block pedestrian mall is a social hotspot in Boulder, with dozens of restaurants of all kinds and specialty stores that include artisan shops and unique gadget shops. In the summer and on weekends, many street shows and acts can be found throughout the mall, along with street vendors and henna tattoo artists.

Boulder's traditional Downtown area, including the Pearl Street Mall, is in the western part of present-day Boulder. During the 1950s and 1960s, the city grew to the east, since the west side is bounded by the foothills. Downtown is host to a variety of restaurants, bars, and boutique stores. However, it has few grocery, hardware, or department stores and is therefore more of a "shopping destination" than a neighborhood with stores supporting the local population.

South of Pearl Street and adjacent to the CU-Boulder campus is another historic shopping center, The Hill. Featuring some of the city's landmark stores and venues, such as Albums on the Hill and the Fox Theatre, The Hill has been the center of college life for many of the nearby sororities and fraternities.

The Twenty Ninth Street retail district opened in October 2006, located in central Boulder on the site of the former Crossroads Mall, east of Downtown.

Near the Pearl Street Mall the Farmers' Market opens every Saturday morning and Wednesday evening, April through October on 13th Street next to Central Park. The market was started in 1986 by regional farmers.[86]

Sister cities

Boulder has seven official sister cities:[87]

Landmarks representing Boulder's connection with its various sister cities can be found throughout the city. Boulder's Sister City Plaza – dedicated on May 17, 2007 – is located on the east lawn of Boulder's Municipal Building. The plaza was built to honor all of Boulder's sister city relationships.[88] The Dushanbe Tea House is located on 13th Street just south of the Pearl Street Mall. Dushanbe presented its distinctive tea house as a gift to Boulder in 1987. It was completed in Tajikistan in 1990, then shipped to Boulder where it was reassembled and opened to the public in 1998.[89] A mural representing the relationship between Boulder and Mante, Mexico was dedicated in August 2001. The mural, which was painted by Mante muralist Florian Lopez, is located on the north-facing wall of the Dairy Center for the Performing Arts.[90]

More information about Boulder's sister city relationships can be found at Boulder's official website.

In popular culture

1619 Pine Street was used for the external shots of Mindy's house on the TV show Mork & Mindy.

Woody Allen's Sleeper.[91] was filmed on location in Boulder. Some houses and the Mesa Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (designed by I. M. Pei) were used in the film.

Boulder was a setting for Stephen King's book The Stand (1978), as the gathering point for the survivors of the superflu. King lived in Boulder for a little less than a year, beginning in the autumn of 1974, and wrote The Shining (1977) during this period.[92]

The sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–1982) was set in Boulder, with 1619 Pine St. serving as the exterior shot of Mindy's home,[93] and the New York Deli, a restaurant on the Pearl Street Mall, was also featured prominently.[94]

In the American adaption of the English television comedy The Office, Steve Carell's character Michael leaves the show in season 7 and in the show, he and his fiancee move to Boulder.[95]

The TV show Make It or Break It about elite gymnasts is set in Boulder.[citation needed]

See also

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