List of communist states: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 190: Line 190:
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1949|10|9}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1949|10|9}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1968|4|8}}
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1968|4|8}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1968|4|8|1968|4|8}}}}
| {{Formatnum:{{Age in years and days|1949|10|9|1968|4|8}}}}
| align="left" | [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]]
| align="left" | [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]]
|
|

Revision as of 13:32, 22 February 2024

A map of current communist states

The following are lists of current and former communist states.

Current communist states

Overview of existing communist states
Country Since Leading party State class system
 China 1 October 1949 (1949-10-01) Communist Party of China Socialist state
 Cuba 1 January 1959 (1959-01-01) Communist Party of Cuba Socialist state
 Laos 2 December 1975 (1975-12-02) Lao People's Revolutionary Party People's democratic state
 North Korea 9 September 1948 (1948-09-09) Workers' Party of Korea Socialist state
 Vietnam 2 September 1945 Communist Party of Vietnam Socialist state

Overview

Socialist states

Overview of communist states that have self-described themselves as socialist
State Established Dissolved Duration Leading party Ref.
 Albania 28 December 1976 29 April 1991 14 years, 122 days Party of Labour of Albania
 Bulgaria 18 May 1971 12 July 1991 20 years, 55 days Communist Party of Bulgaria
 China 17 November 1975 — 48 years, 180 days Communist Party of China
 Cuba 24 February 1976 — 65 years, 135 days Communist Party of Cuba
 Czechoslovakia 11 July 1960 29 March 1990 29 years, 261 days Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
 East Germany 8 April 1968 3 October 1990 22 years, 178 days Socialist Unity Party of Germany
 Hungary 26 April 1972 23 October 1989 17 years, 180 days Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
 Mongolia 6 July 1960 12 February 1990 29 years, 221 days Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
 North Korea 27 December 1972 — 51 years, 140 days Workers' Party of Korea
 Poland 10 February 1976 9 December 1989 13 years, 302 days Polish United Workers' Party
 Romania 21 August 1965 30 December 1989 24 years, 131 days Romanian Communist Party
 Soviet Union 5 December 1936 26 December 1991 55 years, 21 days Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 Vietnam 2 July 1976 — 47 years, 318 days Communist Party of Vietnam
 Yugoslavia 13 January 1953 27 April 1992 39 years, 105 days League of Communists of Yugoslavia

People's democratic states

Overview of communist states that have self-described themselves as socialist
State Established Dissolved Duration Leading party Ref.
 Albania 11 January 1946 28 December 1976 14 years, 122 days Party of Labour of Albania
 Bulgaria 15 September 1946 18 May 1971 24 years, 245 days Communist Party of Bulgaria
 China 1 October 1949 17 November 1975 26 years, 47 days Communist Party of China
 Czechoslovakia 9 June 1948 11 July 1960 12 years, 32 days Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
 East Germany 9 October 1949 8 April 1968 18 years, 182 days Socialist Unity Party of Germany
 Hungary 20 August 1949 26 April 1972 22 years, 250 days Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
 Laos 2 December 1975 — 48 years, 165 days Lao People's Revolutionary Party
 Mongolia 24 November 1924 6 July 1960 29 years, 221 days Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
 North Korea 9 September 1948 27 December 1972 24 years, 109 days Workers' Party of Korea
 Poland 28 June 1945 10 February 1976 30 years, 227 days Polish United Workers' Party
 Romania 30 December 1947 21 August 1965 17 years, 234 days Romanian Communist Party
 Vietnam 2 September 1945 2 July 1976 30 years, 304 days Communist Party of Vietnam
 Yugoslavia 29 November 1945 13 January 1953 7 years, 45 days League of Communists of Yugoslavia

National democratic states

Former communist states

See also: People's republic
States that had communist governments in red, states that the Soviet Union believed at one point to be moving toward socialism in orange, and states with constitutional references to socialism in yellow
     Officially ruling parties in communist states
     Communist parties as ruling parties or part of a governing coalition in multi-party states
     Formerly ruling in a one-party system
     Formerly ruling in a parliamentary majority or minority government
     Formerly ruling as a coalition partner or supporter

The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states.

Notes

  1. ^ Although the government's official ideology is now the Juche part of Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism policy of Kim Il Sung as opposed to orthodox Marxism–Leninism, it is still considered a socialist state. In 1992, all references to Marxism–Leninism in the Constitution of North Korea were dropped and replaced with Juche.[27] In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that not only did it remove all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, but it also dropped all reference to communism.[28] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the Soviet Union and it has been totally replaced by Juche since at least 1974.[29]

References

  1. ^ Tanner, Väinö (1956). The Winter War: Finland Against Russia, 1939–1940, Volume 312. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 114.
  2. ^ Trotter, William (2013). A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–1940. Algonquin Books. p. 58, 61.
  3. ^ Kokoshin, Andrei (1998). Soviet Strategic Thought, 1917–91. MIT Press. p. 93.
  4. ^ Tarnas, R. (2006). Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View. Viking. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-670-03292-1. Retrieved 6 February 2023 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Gallardo, P.; Russell, E. (2014). Yesterday's Tomorrows: On Utopia and Dystopia. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4438-5877-9. Retrieved 6 February 2023 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Hoffrogge, Ralf (2014). "Working-Class Politics in the German Revolution". In Müller, Richard (ed.). The Revolutionary Shop Stewards and the Origins of the Council Movement. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-21921-2.
  7. ^ Ostrowski, Marius S. (2019). Eduard Bernstein on the German Revolution. Selected Historical Writings. New York: Springer International. p. 111. ISBN 9783030277192.
  8. ^ Till Schelze-Brandenburg, Till (2008). "Die Bremer Räterepublik" [The Bremen Soviet Republic]. University of Bremen. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008.
  9. ^ Hooglund, Eric James (1966). The Munich Soviet Republic of April, 1919. Orono, Maine: University of Maine – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Allan (1965). Revolution in Bavaria, 1918–1919: The Eisner Regime and the Soviet Republic. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-1400878802.
  11. ^ Gaab, Jeffrey S. (2006). Munich: Hofbräuhaus & History: Beer, Culture, and Politics. Peter Lang / International Academic Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 978-0820486062.
  12. ^ Kletzin, Jochen (1978). "Die Würzburger Sozialdemokratie in der Weimarer Republik" [The Würzburg Social Democracy in the Weimar Republic]. In Loew, Hans Werner; Schönhoven, Klaus (eds.). Würzburgs Sozialdemokraten: vom Arbeiterverein zur Sozialdemokratischen Volkspartei [Würzburg's Social Democrats. From the Workers' Association to the Social Democratic People's Party] (in German). Würzburg: Stürtz. pp. 60–64.
  13. ^ Stickler, Matthias (2007). "Neuanfang und Kontinuität: Würzburg in der Weimarer Republik." [New Beginnings and Continuity: Würzburg in the Weimar Republic.]. In Wagner, Ulrich (ed.). Geschichte der Stadt Würzburg [History of the City of Würzburg] (in German). Stuttgart: Theiss. pp. 1269 note 18. ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9.
  14. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. pp. 158–161. ISBN 0-14-303469-3.
  15. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. pp. 158–161. ISBN 0-14-303469-3.
  16. ^ Major, Patrick; Osmond, Jonathan (2002). The Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany Under Ulbricht 1945–71. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6289-6.
  17. ^ Milza, Pierre (2009). L'année terrible: La Commune (mars–juin 1871) [The terrible year: La Commune (March–June 1871)] (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-03073-5.
  18. ^ Rougerie, Jacques (2014). La Commune de 1871. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2-13-062078-5.
  19. ^ Gluckstein, Donny (2006). The Paris Commune: A Revolutionary Democracy. Bookmarks. ISBN 978-1-905192-14-4.
  20. ^ Archer, Julian P. W. (April 1972). "The Crowd in the Lyon Commune and the Insurrection of La Guillotiere". International Review of Social History. 17 (1): 183–188. doi:10.1017/S0020859000006489. ISSN 0020-8590. JSTOR 44594905.
  21. ^ Moissonnier, Maurice (1972). La premiere internationale et la commune a Lyon (1865–1871) [The international premiere and the commune in Lyon (1865–1871)] (in French). Paris: Editions sociales. OCLC 902707001.
  22. ^ Cordillot, Michel (1990). La naissance du mouvement ouvrier à Besançon - la Première internationale 1869-1872 [The birth of the labor movement in Besançon - the First International 1869-1872] (in French). Besançon: Cahier d'Études comtoises. ISBN 2251604197.
  23. ^ Arjakas, Küllo; Laur, Mati; Lukas, Tõnis; Mäesalu, Ain (1991). Eesti ajalugu [History of Estonia] (in Estonian). Tallinn: Koolibri. p. 261.
  24. ^ Attitudes of Major Soviet Nationalities (PDF). Vol. II. The Baltics. Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1973. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  25. ^ Swanson, John C. (2017). Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8229-8199-2.
  26. ^ Völgyes, Iván (1970). "The Hungarian Dictatorship of 1919: Russian Example versus Hungarian Reality". East European Quarterly. 1 (4): 58. ISSN 0012-8449.
  27. ^ Dae-Kyu, Yoon (2003). "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications". Fordham International Law Journal. 27 (4): 1289–1305. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  28. ^ Park, Seong-Woo (23 September 2009). "Bug gaejeong heonbeob 'seongunsasang' cheos myeong-gi" 북 개정 헌법 '선군사상' 첫 명기 [First stipulation of the 'Seongun Thought' of the North Korean Constitution] (in Korean). Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  29. ^ Worden, Robert L. (2008). North Korea: A Country Study (PDF) (5th ed.). Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8444-1188-0.
  30. ^ Layne, Joseph Ewart (2014). We Move Tonight: The Making of the Grenada Revolution. Grenada Revolution Memorial Foundation.
  31. ^ Khadzhiev, Georgi (1992). "The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria". Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm [National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism] (in Bulgarian). Translated by Firth, Will. Sofia: Artizdat-5. pp. 99–148. OCLC 27030696. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020.
  32. ^ Vasséva, Sonia (2 August 2013). "2 août: Insurrection de la Saint Elie et de la Transfiguration" [August 2: Insurrection of Saint Elijah and the Transfiguration] (in French). Radio Bulgaria. Retrieved 12 December 2016.

Bibliography

General

References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CCP leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below.

Articles and journal entries

Books

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_communist_states&oldid=1209555869"