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Moderate conservatism

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Moderate conservatism is a moderate version of conservatism that is less demanding than classical conservatism and has several subtypes such as liberal conservatism.

The term is often used in countries where the political camp is divided into 'liberals' (mainly left-liberals) and (right-wing) 'conservatives' rather than countries where divided into 'social democrats' and 'right-wing opponents'. For countries belonging to the former, the term "moderate liberalism" is sometimes contrasted with the term "moderate conservatism".[1] The term can be applied in the United States, Poland,[2] South Korea,[3] Japan,[4] etc.

Overview

The term "moderate conservative" is not often used in most parts of Europe, where social democracy or socialist parties have grown into major parties since the early 20th century, because moderate conservatives in many European countries are liberal conservatives or Christian democrats. However, the term has historically been widely used in Europe, particularly in the mid-19th and earlier century, when liberal-to-radical politics formed the mainstream left in Europe and conservatives were the right opposition. The "moderate conservatives" of this period were contrasted with the "moderate liberals".[5]

The term 'moderate conservatism' is also used as a contrast to 'ultra-conservatism'.[6]

By country

Canada

Main article: Blue Tory

The main factions of the Conservative Party of Canada are the "Red Tory" and "Blue Tory". Blue Tories value free markets and are more culturally liberal.

Japan

The Kōchikai faction that represents moderate conservatives within the right-wing Liberal Democratic Party. Current Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida is a member of the Kōchikai faction, and he is also a "moderate conservative".[4]

Yomiuri Shimbun is a moderately conservative newspaper.[7] Yomiuri Shimbun places more emphasis on moderate pro-American diplomacy (than hawkish Japanese nationalism).[8]

Poland

The Civic Platform has supported a moderate conservative agenda.[2] The party is described in various ways in the Polish political context as centre-right,[9] centrist[10] and centre-left.[11]

South Korea

In the 20th century, the term "liberal" in South Korea had the opposite meaning of "socialist" or "left-wing". Therefore, some historical liberals in the South Korea were considered "conservatives" or "moderate conservatives".[12]

Ahn Cheol-soo was considered "centrist reformist" or "centrist liberal" (sometimes "centre-left") in the early and mid 2010s, but is now classified as "centre-right" and "moderate conservative". Park Heong-joon[13] and Yoo Seung-min[14] are representative "moderate conservatives".

The JoongAng Ilbo, a South Korean media outlet, is considered moderate conservative.[3]

Sweden

The major traditional right-wing party in Sweden was initially called the Conservative Party and later the Rightist Party, before adopting the name the Moderate Party in 1969 to shed its ultra-conservative image and espouse more classical liberal politics.[15]

United States

The Republican Main Street Partnership is a Republican Party organization for moderate conservatives. Examples include Maine Senator Susan Collins, Former Maryland Governor Larry Hogan and Arizona Representative Juan Ciscomani. It has historically been associated with Rockefeller Republicans.

Sometimes moderate conservatives are called "Republicans in Name Only" by more traditional conservatives.[16]

Prominent moderate conservative US presidents are Dwight Eisenhower, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush.[17]

Moderate conservative political parties and caucuses

See also

References

  1. ^ "A Brain Scan Could Predict Political Leanings". Psychology Today. 14 July 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2023. While data from most of the tasks indicated political leanings toward more moderate conservatism or moderate liberalism, the researchers found that the reward task aligned with extreme political views (very liberal or very conservative) and the empathy task most significantly correlated with moderate ideology.
  2. ^ a b c "Tusk Vs Kaczyński: Explaining the Conflict". Political Critique. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  3. ^ a b Dal Yong Jin, Nojin Kwak, ed. (2018). Communication, Digital Media, and Popular Culture in Korea: Contemporary Research and Future Prospects. Lexington Books. p. 125-126. ISBN 9781498562041. Joongang Ilbo is considered a more moderate conservative daily and also publishes its English edition, Korea Joongang Daily, in an alliance with the International New York Times. These big three Korean newspapers have significant influences on ...
  4. ^ a b "Japan's new prime minister Fumio Kishida vows to be tough on China but 'courteous' at home". The Times. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2023. Fumio Kishida, a moderate conservative with a stern view of China's growing military assertiveness, will be Japan's new prime minister, after easily winning the election to lead the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.
  5. ^ Edmund Fawcett, ed. (2022). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780691233994. A blurring of conservative and liberal outlooks was noticed early on. Moderate conservatives, the German political observer Friedrich Bülau wrote in 1847, were not for no change, and moderate liberals did not call for total change.
  6. ^ Tatah Mentan, ed. (2013). Democracy for Breakfast: Unveiling Mirage Democracy in Contemporary Africa. African Books Collective. p. 167. ISBN 9789956791279. Reflecting differences within the corporate community, there are moderate-conservative and ultra-conservative wings within it.
  7. ^ Daniel M. Kliman, ed. (2014). Fateful Transitions: How Democracies Manage Rising Powers, from the Eve of World War I to China's Ascendance. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780812290295. ... observers in Japan identified other obstacles to China's continued economic growth. Yomiuri Shimbun, a moderately conservative newspaper and ...
  8. ^ Linus Hagstrom, ed. (2015). Identity Change and Foreign Policy: Japan and its 'Others'. Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 9781317394860. It is particularly interesting to note that the more left-leaning Asahi Shimbun (333 articles) carried a higher number of articles and headlines than the conservative (but moderate and pro-American) Yomiuri Shimbun, and actually comes ...
  9. ^ PO has often been described as centre-right:
  10. ^ PO has often been described as centrist:
  11. ^ PO has often been described as centre-right:
  12. ^ "신민당". Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 September 2021. 1967년의 제6대 대통령선거와 제7대 국회의원 총선거를 앞두고, 분열된 보수 야당세력을 통합하여 평화적 정권교체를 이룩할 목표로 1967년 2월 7일에 창당되었다. [Ahead of the sixth presidential election and the seventh general election of the National Assembly in 1967, it was founded on February 7, 1967, with the aim of achieving a peaceful regime change by integrating divided conservative opposition forces.]
  13. ^ "Park Heong-joon, a 'moderate conservative' politician". The Korea Times. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  14. ^ "South Korea's 19th Presidential Election: Lessons Learned". The Diplomat. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2023. Interestingly, 13.2 percent from the youngest group chose moderate conservative Yoo Seung-min, the highest of any group.
  15. ^ a b Nanna Kildal; Stein Kuhnle (2007). Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-134-27282-2.
  16. ^ "Opinion: Will The Real Republicans Please Stand Up?". Yahoo!. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Anyone who didn't support the Florida Man, anyone who is a more moderate conservative, often gets tagged as a RINO — Republican in Name Only.
  17. ^ "Straddling divide between GOP moderates and conservatives, Bush was last of a kind". NBC News. 2018-12-01. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  18. ^ "A Dove From Hiroshima: Is Fumio Kishida Tough Enough To Lead Japan?". Worldcrunch. 10 October 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2023. Kishida's character, coupled with the fact that he belongs to the moderate Kochikai faction within the LDP, inevitably means that he won't ...
  19. ^ Lucien Ellington, ed. (2009). Japan. ABC-CLIO. p. 168. ISBN 9781598841626.
  20. ^ "Liz Truss apologises for mistakes and vows to lead Tories into next election". The Irish Times. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023. Ms Truss was due to meet the moderate One Nation Conservatives group in Parliament on Monday evening before an informal reception with her cabinet.
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