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List of chicken breeds

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Illustration of thirty-nine varieties of chicken (and one Guinea Fowl)

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.[1]

Difference between the sizes of a Brahma Blue rooster and a bantam rooster

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today.[2][3] Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.[3] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]


Table of contents

By place of origin: AfghanistanAlbaniaAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBrazilBulgariaCanadaChileChinaCroatiaCubaCzech RepublicEgyptFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranItalyJapanKoreaKosovoMalaysiaMyanmarNetherlandsNorwayPakistanPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesVietnam

By primary use: EggsMeatDual-purposeExhibition

Other: BantamsHybrids

See also   •    References   •    Sources

By place of origin

Afghanistan

Albania

Australia

Australian Australorp breed

Austria

Belgium

Belgian d'Everberg
ornamental bantam

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

China

Silkie hen

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Egypt

Finland

France

Germany

The oldest German breed, the Bergische Kräher
(illustration by Jean Bungartz, 1885)
The longtailed Phoenix, a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori.
The auto-sexing Bielefelder, created in the 70s

Large breeds

Bantams

Greece

Iceland

India

Aseel, a fighting breed

Indonesia

  • Kedu (nationally standardized)
  • Sentul (nationally standardized)
  • Kokok Balenggek (nationally standardized)
  • Pelung (long-crower from West Java, locally standardized)

Iran

Iranian Orloff breed

Italy

Leghorn hen

Japan

Korea

Kosovo

Malaysian serama

Malaysia

Mariana Islands

Myanmar

Netherlands

Norway

Pakistan

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Two Styrian hens with rich tufts

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Spain

Minorca rooster
A Cantabrian Pedresa rooster with no tail feathers

Sweden

Switzerland

The Appenzeller Spitzhauben, a rare Swiss crested breed

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

Turkish Sultan breed

Ukraine

United Kingdom

A buff Orpington cock

United States of America

Vietnam

By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

Eggs

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

Meat

Most farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat:

Dual-purpose

dual-purpose Barred
Plymouth Rock
breed

The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.

Key

U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.

G denotes a game breed.

Bantams

Golden Sebright cockerel

Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

Crossbreeds

Many common strains of crossbred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards; thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, crossbreeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most crossbreed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Czech language names Czech gold brindle chicken include Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, and Češka.[10][11]
  2. ^ The original breed of bantam chicken is ancestor to all "bantam" breeds. It originated in Indonesia and there is called Ayam Kate.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Ekarius (2007), p. 23
  2. ^ a b Ekarius (2007)
  3. ^ a b Heinrichs (2007)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em
    "Domestic Animal Diversity Information System". Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
    see also Domestic Animal Diversity Information System
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    Rousseau, Jaak. "Grandes volailles". Large poultry breeds. telenet.be. Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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    Rousseau, Jaak. "Volailles naines". Dwarf poultry breeds. telenet.be. Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  8. ^ "Croatian hen". Poultry. Feathersite.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  9. ^ Croatia Country Report (PDF). rfp-europe.org (Report). European RFP. 2009.
  10. ^ a b Gardianova (PDF). EAAP Annual Meeting. eaap.org. Papers. Vol. 01. Barcelona, ES. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  11. ^ a b c "Czech chicken breeds". ceske-slepice.eu. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  12. ^ "Biodiversity in the Czech Republic". Animal genetic resources. Enrin.grida.no. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nikkonen, Terhi (14 June 2011). Finnish AnGR conservation programme: What and how? (PDF). MTT Agrifood Research Finland. Workshop 14 June 2011. documents.plant.wur.nl. Seminars. Retrieved 1 January 2012 – via Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, NL.
  14. ^ "Finnish chickens". Poultry. Feathersite.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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    "French fowl". pagesperso-orange.fr. Fédération française des volailles. Volaille Poultry. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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    "Hühner 2011". Chickens 2011. Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter (in German). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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    "Listing of European poultry breeds and colours [for] 2013". entente-ee.com (in German). Archived from the original on 2013-06-16.
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    "Zwerghühner 2011". Dwarf chickens 2011. bdrg.de (media archive). Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter (in German). Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  20. ^ "Alonissos island chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2023. local name 'double-yolk chicken'
  21. ^ "Chios fighting chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023. local name 'Nysiriotiko'
  22. ^ "Follidotes chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Kalamata chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  24. ^ "Pomak fighting chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Lesvos Fillianes chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  26. ^ "Trikala chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-01. local name Gyftokokoras ("gypsy chicken")
  27. ^ Percy (2006), p. 17
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u
    "Atlante delle razze * di polli" [Atlas of chicken breeds]. agraria.org (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t
    "Hoenders en dwerghoenders". Chickens and dwarf chickens. Nederlandse Bond van Hoender, Dwerghoender, Sier- en Watervogelhouders (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  31. ^ a b c d e
    "Chicken breeds reported by Philippines". dad.fao.org. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  32. ^ a b c d e
    Bejar, Feleciano R.; Baylon, Manuel J.; Fabillar, Jaime B.; Mante, Lagrito Ebert B.; Ultra, Arturo A.; Aquino, Reynaldo R.; Bejar, Elvie T. (2012). Management Practices and Morphological Characterization of Indigenous (Native) Chickens in Samar Province. searca.org (Report). Agriculture & Development Discussion Paper. Vol. 2012–3. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2014-06-15.
  33. ^ a b c d
    "Aves" [Birds]. amiba.com.pt. Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
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  35. ^ "Svrljig Kokos". agrobiodiversity.net. Balkan Network for Agrobiodiversity (in Bosnian). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  36. ^ a b c d
    Slovenske avtohtone in tradicionalne pasme domačih živali [Slovenian native and traditional breeds of farm animals] (PDF). genska-banka.si (Report). Oddelek za zootehniko, UL BF (in Slovenian). 2014. Retrieved 22 Oct 2021.
  37. ^ Holcman, Antonija (19 July 2021). "Styrian chickens". Poultry breeds / Breeds of Livestock. afs.okstate.edu. Department of Animal Science. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
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    Strelec, Alenka; Terčič, Dušan; Malovrh, Špela; Holcman, Antonija (2009). "Prireja in fizikalne lastnosti jajc slovenskih tradicionalnih pasem kokoši lahkega tipa" [Preparation and physical properties of eggs of Slovenian traditional breeds of light-type hens]. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica (in Slovenian). 1: 5–12.
  39. ^ Kobold, Primož (2017). "Primerjava proizvodnosti piščancev ross 308 in slovensko pozno operjene kokoši v pogojih ekološke reje" [Comparison of productivity of Ross 308 chickens vs. Slovenian late-plucked hens under organic farming conditions]. dk.um.si (in Slovenian). Maribor, SL: University of Maribor. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
  40. ^ a b c
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  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l
    "Catálogo oficial de razas de ganado de España" [Official catalog of Spain's livestock breeds]. Ganaderia [livestock] (in Spanish). Madrid, ES: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022.
  42. ^ "Asociacion Cántabra ..." (main page). Asociacion Cántabra para la Conservación y Fomento de la Gallina Pedresa.
  43. ^ "Taiwanese Shamo". United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (chicken) (breed data sheet). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  44. ^ a b c "Chicken". Breeds reported by Thailand. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  45. ^ "Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai" ไก่ประดู่หางดำเชียงใหม่ [Chiang Mai black-tailed Pradu chicken]. Chicken breed. Poultry Research and Development Section (in Thai). Thailand: Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  46. ^ Roberts (2008), p. 296
  47. ^ "Denizli rooster". Kultur.Gov.Tr. Department of Culture and Tourism. Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

Sources

Roberts, Victoria (2008). British Poultry Standards. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424. Complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.