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Economy of North Carolina

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In 2019, North Carolina's total gross state product was around $591 billion.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the state's 2010 total gross state product was $424.9 billion, making it the ninth wealthiest state in terms of gross domestic product.[1] Its 2007 per capita personal income was $33,735, placing 36th in the nation.[2]

There has been a distinct difference in the economic growth of North Carolina's urban and rural areas. While large cities such as Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, and others have experienced rapid population and economic growth over the last thirty years, many of the state's small towns have suffered from loss of jobs and population. Most of North Carolina's small towns historically developed around textile and furniture factories. However, North Carolina has been affected by offshoring and industrial growth in countries like China; one in five manufacturing jobs in the state has been lost to overseas competition.[3] As these factories closed and moved to low-wage markets in Asia and Latin America, the small towns that depended upon them have suffered.

Map of North Carolina showing "The Gold Region." 1847

The first gold nugget found in the U.S. was found in Cabarrus County in 1799.[4] The first gold dollar minted in the U.S. was minted at the Bechtler Mint in Rutherford County.

Agriculture and manufacturing

The responsibilities in regulatory and service areas covering different aspect of Agriculture and manufacturing are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Over the past century, North Carolina has grown to become a national leader in agriculture, financial services, and manufacturing. The state's industrial output—mainly textiles, chemicals, electrical equipment, paper and pulp and paper products—ranked eighth in the nation in the early 1990s. The textile industry, which was once a mainstay of the state's economy, has been steadily losing jobs to producers in Latin America and Asia for the past 25 years, though the state remains the largest textile employer in the United States.[5] In recent years, another important Carolina industry, furniture production, has also been hard hit by jobs moving to Asia (especially China).

North Carolina's agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs, tobacco, hogs, milk, nursery stock, cattle, sweet potatoes, cotton, and soybeans.[6] North Carolina is the leading producer of tobacco in the country.[7] As one of North Carolina's earliest sources of revenue, it remains vital to the local economy.

Green Scuppernongs and dark Muscadines

The cultivated productions of the Mountain section are sweet corn, wheat, oats, barley, hay, tobacco, fruits and vegetables. Cattle are also reared quite extensively for market, and large numbers of chickens are raised for market in the northwestern mountains and foothills. A prominent new industry in the mountains is the raising and selling of Christmas Trees. In the Piedmont region of central North Carolina are found all the products of the mountains, although over the southern half cotton appears as the staple product. In the deep, loamy soils of the coastal region, cotton, corn, and oats are the staple crops, and truck farming (growing fruits and vegetables for northern markets), constitutes a flourishing industry. Formerly longleaf pine forests produced tar, pitch and turpentine, and more recently lumber. Little old growth longleaf area is left; much has been replanted in loblolly pine, which is used for paper pulp, plywood, and lumber. Four of the grape varieties of America are native to North Carolina: the Catawba, Isabella, Lincoln, and Scuppernong.

Employment

CNBC's list of "Top States for Business for 2010" has recognized North Carolina as the fourth-best state in the nation, behind Texas, Virginia and Colorado.[8]

North Carolina is an at-will employment state, meaning employees in the private sector may be dismissed without prior notice or reason.

In October 2019, the unemployment rate was 4%.[9]

Energy

Solar power

This section is an excerpt from Solar power in North Carolina.[edit]
Solar installation, Fort Bragg

Solar power has been increasing rapidly in the U.S. state of North Carolina, from less than 1 MW (megawatts) in 2007 to 6,152 MW in 2019, when it had the second-largest installed PV capacity of all states.[10]

The economic viability of solar energy is heavily influenced by political and technological factors. Political dynamics play a critical role in shaping renewable energy policy, with barriers such as political polarization and protection of incumbent industries often hindering the adoption of solar power. Long-term analyses of U.S. policies demonstrate how favorable regulations can accelerate solar adoption, a consideration particularly relevant to North Carolina. With its abundant agricultural land, and its relative political power as a swing state, the state has the potential to lead in solar energy expansion by advocating for supportive policies and leveraging technological advancements.[11]

In addition to federal incentives, the state has a Renewable Portfolio Standard of 12.5% by 2021 and a state renewable energy tax credit, both of which have been credited with boosting solar installations.[12][13][14] Recently in June 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency released $7 billion for solar for all notice. This is a program that aims to expand solar to disadvantaged communities.[15]

In North Carolina, the distribution of solar power production is mainly on land that is classified as agricultural land, at 63%.[16] In North Carolina there exists potential growth for solar energy on this agricultural land. Specifically, land that has watersheds adjacent to the land. Furthermore, a 2018 Smithsonian Magazine article described North Carolina as likely being the national leader in the "solar shepherd phenomenon" – combining sheep farming with solar power plants to reduce the high costs of grass trimming.[17] A drawback of distributing solar power on agricultural land is the land that can potentially be lost for crops. There are debates of whether solar will harm agriculture.[18]

Duke Energy is large energy providing company. They've been playing a role in implementing solar in North Carolina making it second in the nation for most solar energy usage. In 2017 they helped develop laws that allowed the implementation of solar and made it more affordable.[19]

According to a report from the Solar Energy Industries Association, as of June 2019, North Carolina generates 5.81% of its electricity through solar power, and ranks second (up from 3rd in 2018) in total installed photovoltaics.[20] As of 2023 this number is up to 9.33% being ranked 4th.[21]

Grid-connected PV capacity[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
Year Total (MW) Installed (MW) ~% Change
2007 0.7
2008 4.7 4 571.4%
2009 12.5 7.8 166%
2010 40 28.7 220%
2011 85.5 45.5 114%
2012 207.9 122.4 143%
2013 469 261.1 126%
2014 849 380 81%
2015 1,974 1,125 132%
2016 2,984 1,010 51%
2017 3,287.5 303.5 10%
2018 4,692.1 1,404.6 42.7%
2019 6,152.3 1,460.2 31%
2020 7,037.8 885.5 14%
2021 7,811.2 773.4 11%
2022 8,179 367.8 4.7%
2023 9,054 875 10.7%
2024 9,698 644 7.1%
Source: NREL[31]

Wind power

This section is an excerpt from Wind power in North Carolina.[edit]
2003 US Department of Energy wind resource map of North Carolina
Experimental NASA wind turbine on Howard's Knob in Boone (1978-1983)

Wind power in North Carolina is found along the coastal areas in the east and mountain regions in the western part of the state.[32] The state has significant offshore wind resources. In 2015, small scale wind turbine projects were found throughout the state. In 2016, North Carolina's first large scale wind project, and the first in the southeastern U.S., was completed near Elizabeth City.[33][34]

In 2019, North Carolina had an installed wind capacity of 208 MW.[35]

Finance, technology, and research

Charlotte, North Carolina's largest city, continues to experience rapid growth, in large part due to the banking and finance industry. Charlotte is the second-largest banking center in the United States (after New York), and is home to Bank of America and Truist Financial. The Charlotte metro area is also home to 6 other Fortune 500 companies.

The capital city of Raleigh is where SAS Institute, one of the world's largest privately held software companies, and CaptiveAire Systems, the largest privately held kitchen ventilation systems company in the country, were founded.

The information and biotechnology industries have been steadily on the rise since the creation of the Research Triangle Park (RTP) in the 1950s. Located between Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, it is a globally prominent research center home to over 170 companies and federal agencies and is the largest and oldest continuously operating research and science park in the United States.[36] Anchored by the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Duke University in Durham, and North Carolina State University in Raleigh, the park's proximity to these research universities has no doubt helped to fuel growth.

Raleigh, the growing capital of North Carolina

The North Carolina Research Campus underway in Kannapolis (approx. 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Charlotte) aims to enrich and bolster the Charlotte area in the same way that RTP changed the Raleigh-Durham region.[37] Encompassing 5,800,000 square feet (540,000 m2), the complex is a collaborative project involving Duke University, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and N.C. State University, along with private and corporate investors and developers. The facility incorporates corporate, academic, commercial and residential space, oriented toward research and development (R&D) and biotechnology.

Similarly, the Wake Forest Innovation Quarter (formerly the Piedmont Triad Research Park) is a multi-university collaboration in Winston-Salem that specializes in digital media, advanced materials, biomedical science and information technology.[38] In 2006, University of North Carolina at Greensboro and North Carolina A&T State University joined forces to create the Gateway Research Park, a technology-based research entity which focuses its efforts on areas such as nanotechnology, biotechnology & biochemistry, environmental sciences, and genetics among other science-based disciplines.

Film and the arts

Film studios are located in Shelby, Raleigh, Durham, Charlotte, Asheville, Wilmington, and Winston-Salem. Wilmington is the home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestic television and film production facility outside of California. "Dream Stage 10," the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the US. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. Since the studio's opening in 1984, Wilmington has become a major center of American film and television production with more than 300 productions under its belt. Some of the best-known films and television series filmed in the state include: Forrest Gump, Bull Durham, Richie Rich, Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood, All the Real Girls, The Secret Life of Bees, Being There, Blue Velvet, A Walk to Remember, Glory, The Color Purple, Cabin Fever, Super Mario Bros., Cape Fear, Children of the Corn, The Crow, Cyborg, Dawson's Creek, Dirty Dancing, Evil Dead II, The Fugitive, The Green Mile, Hannibal, The Last of the Mohicans, Maximum Overdrive, Nell, One Tree Hill, Patch Adams, Junebug, Shallow Hal, Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III, Leatherheads, Nights in Rodanthe, The Hunger Games trilogy and 28 Days. Half of Stephen King's films were filmed in North Carolina.

The television show most associated with North Carolina is The Andy Griffith Show, which aired on CBS-TV from 1960 to 1968. The series is set in the fictional small town of Mayberry, North Carolina, and was based on the real-life town of Mount Airy, North Carolina, although it was filmed in California. Mount Airy is the hometown of actor Andy Griffith. The show is still popular in reruns and is frequently shown in syndication around the nation. North Carolina is also home to some of the Southeast's biggest film festivals, including the National Black Theatre Festival, RiverRun International Film Festival in Winston-Salem, Full Frame Documentary Film Festival in Durham, North Carolina, and the BluMoon Film Festival in Greenville, North Carolina.

Tourism

Tourism destinations in the state include amusement parks, golf, wineries, beaches, mountains, and sports venues. The North Carolina tourism industry employs more than 190,000 people. The state is the 6th most visited in the country (preceded by Florida, California, New York, Nevada and Pennsylvania).[39] The North Carolina Department of Commerce maintains a Tourism Services providing matching funds and consultation for development tourism in the state including rural tourism.[40]

Tax revenue

North Carolina personal income tax is flat, with a 5.75% rate.[41] The base state sales tax is 4.25%.[42] Most taxable sales or purchases are subject to the state tax as well as the 2.5% local tax rate levied by all counties, for a combined 6.75%. Mecklenburg County has an additional 0.5% local tax for public transportation, bringing sales taxes there to a total 7.25%. In addition, there is a 30.2¢ tax per gallon of gas, a 45¢ tax per pack of cigarettes, a 79¢ tax on wine, and a 48¢ tax on beer. There are also additional taxes levied against food, normally totaling 2%, and some counties assess a 1% tax on prepared food.

The property tax in North Carolina is locally assessed and collected by the counties. The three main elements of the property tax system in North Carolina are real property, motor vehicles and personal property (inventories and household personal property are exempt). Estimated at 10.5% of income, North Carolina's state and local tax burden percentage ranks 23rd highest nationally (taxpayers pay an average of $3,526 per-capita), just below the national average of 10.6%.[43] North Carolina ranks 10th in the Tax Foundation's State Business Tax Climate Index with neighboring states ranked as follows: Tennessee (14th), Georgia (32nd), South Carolina (31st) and Virginia (26th).[43]

References

  1. ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  2. ^ "Per Capita Personal Income". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. September 2006. Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2006-10-23.
  3. ^ Fishman, China, Inc.: How the Rise of the Next Superpower Challenges America and the World, p. 179
  4. ^ Lewis, Rebecca. "The North Carolina Gold Rush" (PDF). North Carolina Museum of History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-18. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  5. ^ "North Carolina in the Global Economy". Soc.duke.edu. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
  6. ^ Kendall, Lewis (July 1, 2020). "Revealed: Covid-19 outbreaks at meat-processing plants in US being kept quiet | Environment". The Guardian. Retrieved 2020-07-01. North Carolina is one of the largest pork and poultry producing states in the US, exporting roughly $1.25bn in hogs, chickens and turkeys every year.
  7. ^ Time for tobacco burning out in N.C. Associated Press. April 29, 2007.
  8. ^ "News Headlines". Cnbc.com. 2010-07-08. Archived from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
  9. ^ "North Carolina Economy at a Glance".
  10. ^ http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual /2017/06/19
  11. ^ Stokes, Leah C.; Breetz, Hanna L. (February 2018). "Politics in the U.S. energy transition: Case studies of solar, wind, biofuels and electric vehicles policy". Energy Policy. 113: 76–86. Bibcode:2018EnPol.113...76S. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.057. ISSN 0301-4215.
  12. ^ Lauren Shwisberg (February 27, 2014). "Utility Scale Solar Energy: North Carolina's Emergent Success". The Energy Collective. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  13. ^ Daniel Gross (July 5, 2014). "NC quietly becomes a star on solar energy stage". The News & Observer. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  14. ^ Steve DeVane (July 18, 2014). "Solar farms taking root in North Carolina". The Fayetteville Observer. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  15. ^ "Solar For All | NC DEQ". www.deq.nc.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  16. ^ Curtis, Scott; Etheridge, Randall; Malali, Praveen; Peralta, Ariane L.; Filho, Faete (2020). "Planning for Future Solar Farm Development in North Carolina: A Geographic Food Energy-Water Approach". Southeastern Geographer. 60 (1): 48–64. doi:10.1353/sgo.2020.0004. ISSN 1549-6929.
  17. ^ Molly A. Seltzer. "There's a New Job in the Solar Industry." Smithsonian Magazine. February 6, 2018.
  18. ^ Curtis, Scott; Etheridge, Randall; Malali, Praveen; Peralta, Ariane L.; Filho, Faete (2020). "Planning for Future Solar Farm Development in North Carolina: A Geographic Food Energy-Water Approach". Southeastern Geographer. 60 (1): 48–64. doi:10.1353/sgo.2020.0004. ISSN 1549-6929.
  19. ^ https://www.duke-energy.com/our-company/environment/renewable-energy/solar-energy/solar-power-in-nc. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ^ "Solar Spotlight – North Carolina" (PDF). Solar Energy Industries Association. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  21. ^ https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=NC
  22. ^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2009). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2008" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
  23. ^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2010). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2009" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
  24. ^ Sherwood, Larry (June 2011). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2010" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  25. ^ Sherwood, Larry (August 2012). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2011" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  26. ^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2013). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2012" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). p. 16. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  27. ^ Sherwood, Larry (July 2014). "U.S. Solar Market Trends 2013" (PDF). Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC). Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  28. ^ "North Carolina Solar Projects". solarlove.org. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  29. ^ "North Carolina Solar". Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  30. ^ "Solar Market Insight Report". SEIA. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  31. ^ "PV Watts". NREL. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
  32. ^ "WINDExchange: North Carolina Wind Resource Map and Wind Potential Capacity". energy.gov. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  33. ^ "North Carolina's first Wind Farm".
  34. ^ "Amazon to Flip the Switch on Massive Wind Project in North Carolina". December 28, 2016.
  35. ^ "WINDExchange: Wind Energy in North Carolina". windexchange.energy.gov.
  36. ^ The Research Triangle Park Archived January 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "North Carolina Research Campus". Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
  38. ^ "About Wake Forest Innovation Quarter". Wake Forest Innovation Quarter. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  39. ^ Gallagher, James (May 12, 2009). "Travelers spend $16.9B in N.C.; state now sixth most visited in U.S." Triangle Business Journal.
  40. ^ "Tourism Services". NC Department of Commerce.
  41. ^ D-401, 2010 North Carolina Individual Income Tax Instructions for Form D-400
  42. ^ "Sales and Use Tax" (PDF). North Carolina Department of Revenue. 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
  43. ^ a b "The 2023 State Business Tax Climate Index". Tax Foundation. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
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