Soyuz-2
![]() A MetOp spacecraft ready for the launch atop a Soyuz-2.1a rocket. | |
Function | Orbital carrier rocket |
---|---|
Manufacturer | TsSKB-Progress (Samara) and Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (Voronezh) [1] |
Country of origin | Russia |
Cost per launch | US$80 million (Arianespace)[5] US$35-48.5 million (Roscosmos)[2][3] |
Size | |
Height | 46.3 m (152 ft)[4] |
Diameter | 2.95 m (9 ft 8 in) |
Mass | 312,000 kg (688,000 lb)[4] |
Stages | 2 or 3 |
Capacity | |
Payload to LEO[a] | |
Mass | 2.1a: 7,020 kg (15,480 lb) 2.1b: 8,200 kg (18,100 lb)[4] |
Payload to SSO[b] | |
Mass | ST-A: 4,230 kg (9,330 lb) ST-B: 4,900 kg (10,800 lb)[5] |
Payload to GTO[c] | |
Mass | ST-A: 2,810 kg (6,190 lb) ST-B: 3,250 kg (7,170 lb)[5] |
Associated rockets | |
Family | R-7 (Soyuz) |
Launch history | |
Status | Active |
Launch sites | |
Total launches | 104 (2.1a: 45, 2.1b: 53, 2.1v: 6) |
Success(es) | 97 (2.1a: 42, 2.1b: 50, 2.1v: 5) |
Failure(s) | 4 (2.1a: 2, 2.1b: 2, 2.1v: 0) |
Partial failure(s) | 3 (2.1a: 1, 2.1b: 1, 2.1v: 1) |
First flight |
|
Last flight |
|
Type of passengers/cargo | |
Boosters – Blok-B,V,G,D[6] | |
No. boosters | 4 |
Height | 19.6 m (64 ft) |
Diameter | 2.68 m (8.8 ft) |
Empty mass | 3,784 kg (8,342 lb) |
Gross mass | 44,413 kg (97,914 lb) |
Propellant mass | 39,160 kg (86,330 lb) |
Powered by | RD-107A |
Maximum thrust | Sea level: 839.48 kN (188,720 lbf) Vacuum: 1,019.93 kN (229,290 lbf) |
Specific impulse | Sea level: 263.3 s (2.582 km/s) Vacuum: 320.2 s (3.140 km/s) |
Burn time | 118 seconds |
Propellant | LOX / RG-1 |
First stage – Blok-A[6] | |
Height | 27.10 m (88.9 ft) |
Diameter | 2.95 m (9.7 ft) |
Empty mass | 6,545 kg (14,429 lb) |
Gross mass | 99,765 kg (219,944 lb) |
Propellant mass | 90,100 kg (198,600 lb) |
Powered by | RD-108A |
Maximum thrust | Sea level: 792.41 kN (178,140 lbf) Vacuum: 921.86 kN (207,240 lbf) |
Specific impulse | Sea level: 257.7 s (2.527 km/s) Vacuum: 320.6 s (3.144 km/s) |
Burn time | 286 seconds |
Propellant | LOX / RG-1 |
Second stage – Blok-I[6] | |
Height | 6.70 m (22.0 ft) |
Diameter | 2.66 m (8 ft 9 in) |
Empty mass | 2,355 kg (5,192 lb) |
Gross mass | 27,755 kg (61,189 lb) |
Propellant mass | 25,400 kg (56,000 lb) |
Powered by | 2.1a / STA: RD-0110 2.1b / STB: RD-0124 |
Maximum thrust | RD-0110: 298 kN (67,000 lbf) RD-0124: 294.3 kN (66,200 lbf) |
Specific impulse | RD-0110: 326 seconds RD-0124: 359 seconds |
Burn time | 270 seconds |
Propellant | LOX / RG-1 |
Upper stage (optional) – Fregat / Fregat-M / Fregat-MT[7] | |
Height | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
Diameter | Fregat / Fregat-M: 3.35 m (11.0 ft) Fregat-MT: 3.80 m (12.5 ft) |
Empty mass | Fregat: 930 kg (2,050 lb) Fregat-M: 980 kg (2,160 lb) Fregat-MT: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb) |
Propellant mass | Fregat: 5,250 kg (11,570 lb) Fregat-M: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb) Fregat-MT: 7,100 kg (15,700 lb) |
Powered by | S5.92 |
Maximum thrust | 19.85 kN (4,460 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 333.2 seconds |
Burn time | 1100 seconds |
Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Upper stage (optional) – Volga[8] | |
Height | 1.025 m (3.36 ft) |
Diameter | 3.2 m (10 ft) |
Empty mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
Propellant mass | 300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb) |
Powered by | 17D64[9] |
Maximum thrust | 2.94 kN (660 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 307 seconds |
Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Soyuz-2 (GRAU index 14A14) is the 21st-century version of the Russian Soyuz rocket. In its basic form, it is a three-stage carrier rocket for placing payloads into low Earth orbit. Compared to the previous versions of the Soyuz, the first-stage boosters and two core stages feature uprated engines with improved injection systems. Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch platforms for earlier Soyuz rockets had to be rotated as the rocket could not perform a roll to change its heading in flight.
Soyuz-2 is often flown with an upper stage, which allows it to lift payloads into higher orbits, such as Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. The upper stage is equipped with independent flight control and telemetry systems from those used in the rest of the rocket. The NPO Lavochkin manufactured Fregat is the most commonly used upper stage.
Soyuz-2 rockets were first launched from Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and Site 43 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, launch facilities shared with earlier R-7 derived rockets including the Soyuz-U and Molniya. Commercial Soyuz-2 flights are contracted by Starsem and have launched from Site 31 at Baikonur and ELS (Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz), which has been built at the Guiana Space Centre on the northern coast of South America. The Soyuz-2 version ST-B can deliver 3,250 kg (7,170 lb) to geostationary transfer orbit from this equatorial site.[5] In 2016, the new Vostochny Cosmodrome started operating Soyuz-2 flights as well, from its first launch pad called Site 1S.
The Soyuz-2 has replaced the Molniya-M, Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG since 2010, 2017 and 2019 respectively.[10][11][12] TsSKB-Progress halted production of Soyuz-U in April 2015; the final flight of a Soyuz-U rocket took place on 22 February 2017, carrying Progress MS-05 to the International Space Station. According to CNES officials interviewed in May 2018, launches of Soyuz from Guiana may be replaced by the Ariane 6 medium-lift version A62 in 2021.[13]
Variants
The Soyuz-2 family includes 2.1a, 2.1b, and 2.1v. The first two variants are modifications to the Soyuz-U launcher. The latter is a "light" version without side boosters.
When launched from the Kourou site, Soyuz-2 is always mated with the ST-type fairing; this version is called Soyuz-ST or Soyuz-STK, where additional "K" indicates special measures taken for preparing and launching the rocket in hot and humid conditions.[citation needed]
Soyuz-2.1a
The 2.1a version includes conversion from analog to digital flight control system and uprated engines on the booster and the first stage with improved injection systems. The new digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to launch from a fixed rather than angled launch platform and adjust its heading in flight. A digital control system also enables the launch of larger commercial satellites with wider and longer payload fairings such as the ST-type fairing. These fairings introduce too much aerodynamic instability for the old analog system to handle. This stage continues to use the RD-0110 engine.
The 2.1a/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-A. The first launch, from Guiana, (17 December 2011 for Pléiades-HR 1A, SSOT, ELISA (4 satellites)) was a success.
Soyuz-2.1b
The 2.1b version adds an upgraded engine (RD-0124) with improved performance to the second stage. First launch took place from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 26 July 2008 with a classified military payload.[14]
The 2.1b/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-B. The first launch, from Guiana, was a success (21 October 2011), for the first two Galileo IOV satellites.
Soyuz-2.1v
The first flight vehicle of the 2.1v version was finished in 2009. It is a "light" version of the Soyuz-2 without the side boosters (blocks B, V, G and D[clarification needed]). The Block A engine was replaced by the more powerful NK-33-1, which as of 2009[update], was to eventually be replaced with the RD-193.[needs update] The new launcher version was able to deliver up to 2.8 tonnes in low Earth orbit.[15]
Modifications for various launch sites
The Soyuz-2.1a/1b versions launched from the Vostochny Cosmodrome and the Guiana Space Centre have a series of modifications over the stock units. Some of these might later be implemented on all the Soyuz-2, while some are particular requirements to the space port design.
Modifications for the Guiana Space Centre (GSC) version includes:
- First use of a mobile service tower at the ELS that enabled vertical payload integration.[6]
- European supplied payload adapters.[6]
- European supplied KSE (French: Kit de Sauvegarde Européenne, lit. 'European Safeguard Kit'), a system to locate and transmit a flight termination signal.[6] It would activate the engine shutdown command and leave the vehicle in a ballistic trajectory.[16]
- Adaptation of the S-Band telemetry system on all stages from the 5 TM bands available at Baikonur, and Plesetsk to the 3 allowed at the GSC range.[6]
- Adaptation of the S-Band telemetry coding and frequency to the IRIG standard used at GSC.[6]
- Adaptation of the oxygen purge system for directing to the outside the mobile gantry.[6]
- Adaptation to the tropical GSC climate including the adaptation of the air conditioning system to local specifications and protective measures to avoid icing.[6] All holes and cavities were studied and certified to be adequately protected against intrusion of insects and rodents.[16]
- The four boosters and the core stage were upgraded with pyrotechnic devices to breach the fuel tanks to assure that they would sink in the ocean. The other stages were shown to lose structural integrity on impact and thus proven to sink.[16]
- At least initially, the boosters and core stage would use the pyrotechnically ignited 14D22 (RD-107A) and 14D23 (RD-108A) rather than the chemically ignited 14D22 kHz and 14D23 kHz used on the rest of the Soyuz-2.[16]
Modifications for the Vostochny Cosmodrome version includes:[17]
- New and upgraded computer, N.A.Semikhatov NPO Automatika's Malachite-7, with six times more performance, better obsolescence protection, reduced weight.[18][19][20]
- The new computer enabled a significant reduction on the cable network complexity thanks to multiplexing lines and using common buses.[17][20][21]
- New nickel-cadmium batteries that eliminate the need for a dedicated battery charging station.[18]
- The inclusion of on-board video system, that will enable real-time views of the launch.[18]
- Since the launch pad at Vostochny also has a mobile gantry for vertical payload integration, similar to the ELS at Guiana, it has the necessary piping to direct the oxygen purges outside the gantry.[17]
On 1 October 2015 it was announced that parts of the assembly complex for the Soyuz-2 at Vostochny Cosmodrome were designed for a different modification of the rocket and are too small, so that the planned first launch in December 2015 was under question.[22] The first launch occurred on 28 April 2016 at 02:01:21 UTC.[23]
Notable missions
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2016) |
Suborbital test flight
On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 GMT (21:30 Moscow Time), the first Soyuz-2 carrier rocket, in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a sub-orbital trajectory, with the third stage and boilerplate payload re-entering over the Pacific Ocean.
Maiden launch
The first attempt at launching a Soyuz-2 to orbit, with the MetOp-A satellite, occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence, after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and on-board preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad, for the next attempt on 18 July. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October.
First crewed mission
First crewed launch of Soyuz-2 took place 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.
Launch statistics
Soyuz-2 rockets have accumulated 104 launches since 2006, 97 of which were successful, yielding a 93.3% success rate.
Launch outcomes
- Failure
- Partial failure
- Success
- Scheduled
List of launches
# | Launch date Time (UTC) |
Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | 8 November 2004 18:30 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success | Zenit-8 (boilerplate) | Suborbital test flight |
1 | 19 October 2006 16:28 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | MetOp-A | Weather |
2 | 24 December 2006 08:34 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success | Meridian 1 | Military comsat |
3 | 27 December 2006 14:28 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | CoRoT | Astronomy |
4 | 26 July 2008 18:31 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[24] | Kosmos 2441 (Persona No.1) | Reconnaissance |
Launch was successful but satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault. | ||||||
5 | 21 May 2009 21:53 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Failure[25] | Meridian 2 | Military comsat |
Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt. | ||||||
6 | 17 September 2009 15:55 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Meteor-M No.1 |
Weather + 6 piggyback satellites |
7 | 19 October 2010 17:11 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites) | Communications |
8 | 2 November 2010 00:59 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Meridian 3 | Military comsat |
9 | 26 February 2011 03:07 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2471 (GLONASS-K 701K) | Navigation |
10 | 4 May 2011 17:41 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Meridian 4 | Military comsat |
11 | 13 July 2011 02:27 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites) | Communications |
12 | 2 October 2011 20:15 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2474 (GLONASS-M 742) | Navigation |
13 | 21 October 2011 10:30 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[26] | Galileo IOV-1/2 | Navigation First launch from Kourou |
14 | 28 November 2011 08:25 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[27] | Kosmos 2478 (GLONASS-M 746) | Navigation |
15 | 17 December 2011 02:03 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success[28] | Pleiades 1A SSOT ELISA 1/2/3/4 |
Imaging satellite Earth observation for Chile Signals intelligence |
16 | 23 December 2011 12:08 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Failure[29] | Meridian 5 | Military comsat |
Anomaly led to premature third-stage engine deactivation followed by an explosion which caused it to veer off course; satellite not deployed. | ||||||
17 | 28 December 2011 17:09 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[30] | Globalstar-2 F3 (6 satellites) | Communications |
18 | 17 September 2012 16:28 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | MetOp-B | Weather |
19 | 12 October 2012 18:15 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[31] | Galileo IOV-3/4 | Navigation |
20 | 14 November 2012 11:42 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Meridian 6 | Military comsat |
21 | 2 December 2012 02:02 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat |
Kourou ELS |
Success[32] | Pleiades 1B | Imaging Satellite |
22 | 6 February 2013 16:04:24 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Globalstar-2 F4 (6 satellites) | Communications |
23 | 19 April 2013 10:00:00 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Bion-M No.1 |
Biological science + 5 piggyback satellites |
24 | 26 April 2013 05:23:46 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[33] | Kosmos 2485 (GLONASS-M 747) | Navigation |
25 | 7 June 2013 18:37:59 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[34] | Kosmos 2486 (Persona No.2) | Reconnaissance |
26 | 25 June 2013 17:28:48 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[35] | Resurs-P No.1 | Earth observation |
27 | 25 June 2013 19:27:03 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[36] | O3b-1/2/3/4 | Communications |
28 | 19 December 2013 09:12:19 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[37] | Gaia | Space observatory |
29 | 28 December 2013 12:30 |
Soyuz-2.1v Volga |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[38] | Aist 1, SKRL-756 #1/2 | Maiden flight of Soyuz-2.1v |
30 | 23 March 2014 22:54:03 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[39] | Kosmos 2494 (GLONASS-M 754) | Navigation |
31 | 3 April 2014 21:02:26 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success[40] | Sentinel-1A | Earth observation |
32 | 6 May 2014 13:49:35 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success[41] | Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M) | Reconnaissance |
33 | 14 June 2014 17:16:48 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[42] | Kosmos 2500 (GLONASS-M 755) | Navigation |
34 | 8 July 2014 15:58:28 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[43] | Meteor-M No.2
|
Weather + 6 piggyback satellites |
35 | 10 July 2014 18:55:56 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[44] | O3b-5/6/7/8 | Communications |
36 | 18 July 2014 20:50:00 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Foton-M No.4 | Microgravity and biology research |
37 | 22 August 2014 12:27:11 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Partial failure[45] | Galileo FOC-1/2 | Navigation |
Fregat upper stage guidance problem left the satellites in an incorrect elliptical orbit. Traced to a flaw in the Fregat thermal design with a heat bridge from the coolant line to fuel line causing freezing of fuel line. | ||||||
38 | 29 October 2014 07:09:43 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress M-25M | ISS logistics |
39 | 30 October 2014 01:42:52 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Meridian 7 | Military comsat |
40 | 30 November 2014 21:52:26 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2501 (GLONASS-K 702K) | Navigation |
41 | 18 December 2014 18:37:00 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success | O3b-9/10/11/12 | Communications |
Although the mission successfully placed the O3b constellation into the correct orbit, the telemetry system ceased to send telemetry data to ground controllers moments before third Fregat burn. Mission control afterwards directly relied to the satellites to confirm their condition and their position.[46] | ||||||
42 | 25 December 2014 03:01:13 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2502 (Lotos-S1 No.1) | Signals intelligence |
43 | 26 December 2014 18:55:50 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Resurs-P No.2 | Earth observation |
44 | 27 February 2015 11:01:35 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M No.1) | Reconnaissance |
45 | 27 March 2015 21:46:18 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success | Galileo FOC-3/4 | Navigation |
46 | 28 April 2015 07:09:50 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Failure | Progress M-27M | ISS logistics |
Spacecraft lost communications and attitude control soon after separation after damaged by vibration issues during launch.[47] International Space Station docking attempt cancelled.[48] Mission declared a total loss.[49] | ||||||
47 | 5 June 2015 15:23:54 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M) | Reconnaissance |
48 | 23 June 2015 16:44:00 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2506 (Persona No.3) | Reconnaissance |
49 | 11 September 2015 02:08:10 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[50] | Galileo FOC-5/6 | Navigation |
50 | 17 November 2015 06:33:41 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2510 (EKS) |
Missile early warning |
51 | 5 December 2015 14:09:00 |
Soyuz-2.1v Volga |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Partial failure[51] | Kanopus-ST 1 (Kosmos 2511) KYuA 1 (Kosmos 2512) |
Earth observation Radar calibration |
Soyuz-2.1v booster performed properly, however Kanopus-ST 1 satellite failed to detach from the satellite carrier atop the Volga upper stage. The KYuA-1 radar calibration sphere was mounted in the side of the satellite carrier and was able to successfully deploy. | ||||||
52 | 17 December 2015 11:51:56 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[52] | Galileo FOC-8/9 | Navigation |
53 | 21 December 2015 08:44:39 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress MS-01 | ISS logistics |
54 | 7 February 2016 00:21:07 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) | Navigation |
55 | 13 March 2016 18:56:00 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Resurs-P No.3 | Earth observation |
56 | 24 March 2016 09:42 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M No.2) | Reconnaissance |
57 | 31 March 2016 16:23:57 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress MS-02 | ISS logistics |
58 | 25 April 2016 21:02:13 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success[53] | Sentinel-1B[54] MICROSCOPE[55] |
Earth observation Astrophysics research Technology |
59 | 28 April 2016 02:01:21 |
Soyuz-2.1a Volga |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Success[23] | Mikhailo Lomonosov[56]
|
Gamma-ray astronomy Technology demonstrations |
60 | 24 May 2016 08:48:43 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[58] | Galileo FOC-10/11 | Navigation |
61 | 29 May 2016 08:44:37 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[59] | Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 760) | Navigation |
Third stage shut down prematurely during the launch. Fregat upper stage detected the problem and compensated with an extended firing, delivering the satellite to the correct orbit.[60] | ||||||
62 | 28 January 2017 01:03:34 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[61] | Hispasat 36W-1 a.k.a. Hispasat AG1 Small GEO |
Communications |
63 | 18 May 2017 11:54:53 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success[62] | SES-15[63] | Communications |
64 | 25 May 2017 06:33 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[64] | EKS-2 | Missile early warning |
65 | 14 June 2017 09:20 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress MS-06 | ISS logistics |
66 | 23 June 2017 18:04 |
Soyuz-2.1v Volga |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[65] | Kosmos 2519 | Military satellite, possibly geodesy project Nivelir-ZU |
67 | 14 July 2017 06:36:49 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Partial failure | Kanopus-V-IK Many cubesats |
Earth observation Heliophysics |
At least 9 of the 72 cubesats were reported to have failed, possibly due to an issue with the Fregat upper stage.[66] Glavkosmos, the cubesat launch provider, has later confirmed upper stage anomaly.[67] | ||||||
68 | 22 September 2017 00:02:32 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2522 (GLONASS-M 752) | Navigation |
69 | 14 October 2017 08:46:53 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress MS-07 | ISS logistics |
70 | 28 November 2017 05:41:46 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S[68] |
Failure[69] | Meteor-M No.2-1 Ionosfera Baumanets Several cubesats |
Weather Ionospheric research |
The orbital insertion burn was conducted while upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction sending it back in to the atmosphere. Roscosmos investigation found 20 years earlier Baikonur co-ordinates had mistakenly been hardcoded in a Fregat subroutine, and the mistake only manifested itself for the first time due to launching from Vostochny. The Russian Government and independent experts however consider the conclusion as a way of escaping individual blame.[70] | ||||||
71 | 2 December 2017 10:43:26 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[71] | Kosmos 2524 (Lotos-S1 No.2) | Signals intelligence |
72 | 1 February 2018 02:07:18[72] |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S[68] |
Success[73][74] | Kanopus-V No.3, No.4 Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77 S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4 D-Star One v.1.1[75] |
Earth observation Technology demonstrations |
73 | 13 February 2018 08:13:33 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[76] | Progress MS-08 | ISS logistics |
74 | 9 March 2018 17:10:06 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success | O3b-13/14/15/16 | Communications |
75 | 28 March 2018 17:38:42 |
Soyuz-2.1v | Plesetsk |
Success[77] | Kosmos 2525 (EMKA) | Military satellite |
76 | 16 June 2018 21:30 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | Kosmos 2527 (GLONASS-M 756) | Navigation |
77 | 9 July 2018 21:51 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[78] | Progress MS-09 | ISS logistics |
78 | 25 October 2018 00:15 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[79] | Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 No.4) | Signals intelligence |
79 | 3 November 2018 20:17 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[80] | Kosmos 2529 (GLONASS-M 757) | Navigation |
80 | 7 November 2018 00:47:27 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success | MetOp-C | Weather |
81 | 19 December 2018 13:37 |
Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Success[81] | CSO 1 | Reconnaissance for the French Armed Forces |
82 | 27 December 2018 02:07 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Success[81] | Kanopus-V No.5 & Kanopus-V No.6 Dove Flock-w × 12 |
Earth observation satellites. |
83 | 21 February 2019 19:47 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[82] | EgyptSat A | Earth observation |
84 | 27 February 2019 21:37 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success[83] | OneWeb × 6 + mockups × 4 (pilot flight)[84] |
Communications |
85 | 4 April 2019 11:01 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[85] | Progress MS-11 | ISS logistics |
86 | 4 April 2019 17:03:37 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
ELS Kourou |
Success | O3b (x4) | Low Earth orbit communication satellites |
87 | 27 May 2019 09:23 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[86] | GLONASS-M 758 | Navigation. A lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after start, without affecting its performance.[86] |
88 | 5 July 2019 05:41 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Success[87] | Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik | Weather |
89 | 10 July 2019 17:14 [88] |
Soyuz-2.1v Volga |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | 14F150 No.2 / Nivelir-L [89] | Geodesy |
Launch of four classified military satellites, designated Kosmos 2535–2538, speculated to be part of the Nivelir series of Russian surveillance satellites. | ||||||
90 | 30 July 2019 05:56 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[90] | Meridian 8 | Communications |
91 | 31 July 2019 12:10 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[91] | Progress MS-12 | ISS logistics |
92 | 22 August 2019 03:38 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[92] | Soyuz MS-14 (uncrewed test) | ISS crew transport |
93 | 26 September 2019 07:46 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[93] | Kosmos 2541 | Military reconnaissance |
94 | 25 November 2019 17:52 |
Soyuz-2.1v Volga |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success[94] | Kosmos 2542 | Satellite inspection[95] |
95 | 6 December 2019 09:34 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | Progress MS-13 / 74P | ISS logistics |
96 | 11 December 2019 | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Success | GLONASS-M 759 | Navigation |
97 | 18 December 2019 | Soyuz ST-A Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Success | CHEOPS COSMO-SkyMed (CSG 1) OPS-SAT |
Space telescope Earth observation (radar) Technical demonstration |
98 | 6 February 2020 21:42:41 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success | OneWeb × 34 (Baikonur flight 1)[84] |
Communications |
99 | 20 February 2020 08:24:54 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/3 |
Success | Meridian-M 9 (19L) | Military comsat[96] |
100 | 16 March 2020 18:28:00 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/3 |
Success [69] | GLONASS-M No.760 (Kosmos 2545) |
Navigation |
101 | 21 March 2020 17:06:58 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success [69][97] | OneWeb × 34 (Baikonur flight 2) |
Communications |
102 | 9 April 2020 08:05:06 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success[69] | Soyuz MS-16 | ISS crew transport |
103 | 25 April 2020 01:51:41 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Success [98] | Progress MS-14 | ISS logistics |
104 | 22 May 2020 06:45[99][100] | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43 |
Success | EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[101] | Early warning |
Planned launches
Link:[102]
Launch date Time (UTC) |
Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Function | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TBD | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 1) |
Communications | |
TBD | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 2) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 3) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 4) |
Communications | |
July 2020 | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69][103] | GLONASS-K 15 | Navigation | |
July 2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[104] | GLONASS-K2 No.2 (2xx) | Navigation | |
20 August 2020 | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[69] | Progress MS-15 | ISS logistics | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 3) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 4) |
Communications | |
1 October 2020 | Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105][106] | FalconEye2 | Reconnaissance for the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces |
|
21 October 2020 | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[69] | Soyuz MS-17 | ISS crew transport | |
6 November 2020 | Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105] | CSO 2 | Reconnaissance for the French Armed Forces |
|
25 November 2020 | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned | GLONASS-M 761 | Navigation | |
November 2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Scheduled[69] | Resurs-P No.4 | Earth observation | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 5) |
Communications | |
November 2020 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[69] | Meteor-M No.2-3 Ionosfera-M 1/2 |
Weather Ionospheric research |
|
9 December 2020 | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[69] | Arktika-M No.1 | Earth observation | |
11 December 2020 | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[69] | Progress MS-16 | ISS logistics | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 6) |
Communications | |
Q4 2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69] | Gonets-M 20/21/22 (30L/31L/32L)[107] | Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105][84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 3) |
Communications | |
Q4 2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69] | Gonets-M 17/18/19 (27L/28L/29L)[108] | Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 7) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105][84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 4) |
Communications | |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned | GLONASS-K 16 | Navigation | GLONASS-K1 models will be launched as needed to replace end-of-life GLONASS-M variants.[104] |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned | GLONASS-K 17 | Navigation | |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned | GLONASS-K 18 | Navigation | |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[104] | GLONASS-K 19–23 | Navigation | |
TBD |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[84][105] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 2) |
Communications | |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69] | Bars-M 3L | Reconnaissance | |
2020 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69] | Neitron | ? | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 5) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Vostochny Site 1S |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 6) |
Communications | |
July 2021 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur or Vostochny[109] | Planned[69] | Luna 25 (Luna-Glob lander) | Lunar exploration | |
August 2021 |
Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[69] | Kondor FKA No.1 | Reconnaissance | |
TBD |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105][84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 5) |
Communications | |
2021 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[69] | Resurs-P No.5 | Earth observation | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 8) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 9) |
Communications | |
TBD |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Planned[84] | OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 10) |
Communications | |
March 2022 |
Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Planned[103] | GLONASS-K2 No.1 (2xx) | Navigation | |
June 2022 |
Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT |
Kourou ELS |
Scheduled[110] | EarthCARE | Climate science for ESA and JAXA |
|
2022 (TBD) | Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M |
Kourou ELS |
Planned[105] | Euclid | Cosmology | |
2022 | Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Scheduled[69] | Progress M-UM | ISS assembly (Uzlovoy Module) |
See also
Notes
Manojsuthar
References
- ^ http://www.kbkha.ru/?p=8&cat=8&prod=51
- ^ "Russian launch service provider reveals cost of Soyuz-2.1 rocket launch". Russian Aviation. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ "The Soyuz-2 rocket series". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "SOYUZ-2 Launch Vehicle / Power Characteristics". JSC SRC Progress. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c "SOYUZ-ST Launch Vehicle / Power Characteristics". JSC SRC Progress. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Soyuz from the Guiana Space Centre – User's manual" (PDF). Arianespace. March 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ Конструкция разгонного блока "Фрегат". NPO Lavochkin (in Russian). Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- ^ "Volga upper stage". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- ^ "Soyuz 2-1 launches maiden mission from Vostochny | NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (30 September 2010). "Last launch of the Molniya-M on Sept 30th 2010". RussianSpaceWeb.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (1 June 2011). "Soyuz-2 to replace its predecessors". RussianSpaceWeb.
- ^ "Alexander Kirilin: "We are working on three rocket"". Volzkhskaya Kommuna. 1 June 2011.
- ^ "Ariane 6 and beyond". 21 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ Stephen Clark (26 July 2008). "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
- ^ "Rus/Souyz-2 launch vehicle (in Russian)".
- ^ a b c d Zak, Anatoly (23 August 2015). "Soyuz-2 launch vehicle (14A14)". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ^ a b c В РКЦ «Прогресс» завершены испытания ракеты-носителя для первого запуска с «Восточного» [JSC SRC Progress completes testing on the launch vehicle for the first Vostochny launch] (in Russian). JSC SRC Progress. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c Обновлённые «Союзы» для Восточного [Updated Soyuz for Vostochny] (in Russian). 4 November 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ «Союз-2» приспособят к запуску с «Восточного» [Soyuz-2 to be adapted to Vostochny] (in Russian). lenta.ru. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ a b Системы управления ракет-носителей Союз-2, Союз-СТ, Союз-2-1В [Control systems of launch vehicles Soyuz-2, Soyuz-ST, Soyuz 2-1V] (in Russian). N.A.Semikhatov NPO Automatika. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ V. M. Antimirov; A. B. Umansky; L. N. Shalimov (2013). Бортовые цифровые вычислительные системы семейства «Малахит» для работы в экстремальных условиях [Onboard digital computer systems of the "Malachite" family for extreme conditions.]. Vestnik Samara State Aerospace University (in Russian) (4 (42) UDC 629.7.05:004.3). Vestnik Samara State Aerospace University: 1. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ Размещение ракеты-носителя «Союз-2» на космодроме „Восточный“ пока остается под вопросом [The placement of Soyuz-2 at Vostochny Cosmodrome remains under question] (in Russian). Radio Ekho Moskvy. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ a b Zak, Anatoly. "Soyuz historic first mission from Vostochny". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. 26 July 2008.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly. "The Meridian satellite (14F112)". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ Soyuz flight VS01 Lifts Off From French Guiana.
- ^ Glonass-M satellite launched into orbit. Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine(in Russian)
- ^ Six defense satellites launched by Soyuz rocket
- ^ Russian satellite crashes into Siberia after launch
- ^ "Globalstar satellites 'flawlessly' orbited by Soyuz". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
- ^ Soyuz ST-B launches Galileo twins successfully to orbit.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Third Soyuz launch in a week bolsters Glonass system
- ^ Graham, William. "Russian spy satellite launched via Soyuz 2-1B". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ Graham, William. "Soyuz 2-1B successfully launches with Resurs-P". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ "Arianespace launch VS05 > Soyuz ST-B – O3b: Mission accomplished!" (Press release). Arianespace. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ Soyuz ST-B successfully launches Gaia space observatory
- ^ http://sputniknews.com/russia/20131228/186021089.html
- ^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
- ^ Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (3 April 2014). "Arianespace Soyuz ST-A launches Sentinel-1A mission". Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ Soyuz-2-1A launches Kobalt-M reconnaissance satellite
- ^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
- ^ Lift-off for British demo satellites
- ^ "Arianespace advances O3b Networks' revolutionary vision with another Soyuz launch success". Arianespace. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ "Inquiry into Galileo launch anomaly to focus on Fregat".
- ^ de Selding, Peter (15 January 2015). "Soyuz Glitches Shake EC's Confidence in Vehicle". SpaceNews.com. SpaceNews. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "РОСКОСМОС: "ПРОГРЕСС М-27М" – ОПРЕДЕЛЕНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ (ROSCOSMOS: "Progress M-27M" – cause of accident determined)" (in Russian). Roscosmos. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ "Progress Cargo Vessel Docking With Space Station Canceled". Sputnik International. Sputnik. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Russian spacecraft Progress M-27M 'out of control'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Company. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Arianespace's latest Galileo mission a success: With Soyuz launch of two satellites, Arianespace has now deployed one-third of the constellation" (Press release). Arianespace. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ "Russian Soyuz-2.1v launch a partial failure".
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (17 December 2015). "Soyuz completes its eighth mission with Galileo satellites". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (25 April 2016). "Soyuz blasts off with environmental satellite, general relativity probe". Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ Blau, Patrick (25 April 2016). "Sentinel-1 Spacecraft Overview". Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ Blau, Patrick (25 April 2016). "MicroSCOPE". Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ Blau, Patrick (25 April 2016). "Lomonosov Satellite (MVL-300)". Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ^ Blau, Patrick (25 April 2016). "AIST-2D Satellite". Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (28 May 2016). "Soyuz completes its ninth Galileo mission". Retrieved 30 May 2016.
- ^ Bargin, Chris (29 May 2016). "Russia deploys another GLONASS-M spacecraft via Soyuz 2-1B launch". Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ^ "Irregularity occurred as Soyuz upper stage was orbiting Glonass satellite". TASS. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (28 January 2017). "Soyuz rocket supplies sendoff for multi-national telecom payload". Retrieved 29 January 2017.
- ^ "Flight VS17: With Soyuz, Arianespace successfully launches SES-15 – the first all-electric satellite for SES" (Press release). Arianespace. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ "Building on its 2016 successes, Arianespace looks to the future with confidence at the service of its customers" (Press release). Arianespace. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "Soyuz rocket successfully delivers EKS-2 early-warning satellite to rare orbit". spaceflightinsider.com. 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Soyuz-2-1v launches a secret satellite". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
- ^ "Astro Digital announces first cubesats launched on Soyuz failed". Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- ^ "Glavcosmos confirmed launch anomaly". gazeta.ru. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
- ^ a b "Two launches from Russia's new Vostochny space center due this year – Roscosmos". TASS. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Pietrobon, Steven (2 January 2020). "Russian Launch Manifest". Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Russian_space_agency_blames_satellite_loss_on_programming_error_999.html
- ^ Graham, William (2 December 2017). "Russia launches Lotos mission via Soyuz 2-1B rocket". www.nasaspaceflight.com. NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (1 February 2018). "Soyuz rocket fires into space with 11 satellites – Spaceflight Now". spaceflightnow.com. Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ РОСКОСМОС. КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ АППАРАТЫ "КАНОПУС-В" № 3 И № 4 ВЫВЕДЕНЫ НА РАСЧЕТНЫЕ ОРБИТЫ [ROSKOSMOS. SPACECRAFTS "KANOPUS-B" No. 3 AND No. 4 ARE SEPARATED INTO INTENDED ORBIT] (in Russian). Roscosmos. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ РОСКОСМОС. АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ И ГЕРМАНСКИЕ МАЛЫЕ КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ АППАРАТЫ ВЫВЕДЕНЫ НА ОРБИТУ ЗЕМЛИ [ROSKOSMOS. AMERICAN AND GERMAN SMALL SPACECRAFTS ARE RELEASED INTO EARTH ORBIT] (in Russian). Roscosmos. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-2-1a Fregat-M". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Soyuz 2-1A launches at the second attempt with Progress MS-08". NASASpaceFlight.com. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - ^ Graham, William (29 March 2018). "Spectacular Soyuz 2-1v launch deploys Kosmos 2525 – NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ^ Gebhardt, Chris (9 July 2018). "Progress MS-09 completes super fast 4-hour rendezvous with Space Station – NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^ Graham, William (24 October 2018). "Russia returns Soyuz rocket to flight with Lotos-S1 mission". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Graham, William (3 November 2018). "Soyuz 2-1b launches Uragan-M GLONASS satellite". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Arianespace Soyuz ST-A launches with CSO-1 – NASASpaceFlight.com". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ "EgyptSat-A enters orbit after a close-call Soyuz launch". Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- ^ Bergin, Chris. "OneWeb kick starts massive constellation with Soyuz ST-B launch". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Источник сообщил, когда состоится запуск спутников OneWeb на ракете "Союз"" [Source gives launch dates of OneWeb satellites on Soyuz rockets] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ "Progress cargo freighter docks with space station after fast-track rendezvous". Spaceflight Now. 4 April 2019.
- ^ a b Молния ударила в ракету "Союз" при старте с Плесецка. tass.ru. 27 May 2019
- ^ [1]. 5 July 2019
- ^ Graham, William (10 July 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v conduts surprise military launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (4 March 2017). "Spooky world of military satellites". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ [2]. 30 July 2019
- ^ [3]. 31 July 2019
- ^ [4]. 22 Aug 2019
- ^ https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-2-1b-launches-latest-tundra-satellite/ |retrieved=26 Sep 2019
- ^ Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (25 November 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v lofts mystery military satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Минобороны вывело на орбиту военный спутник-инспектор" [MoD deployed a military satellite inspector] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/02/soyuz-2-1a-launches-ninth-meridian-satellite/%7Cdate=20 Feb 2020
- ^ https://kaztag.kz/ru/news/na-baykonur-dostavlena-vtoraya-partiya-sputnikov-sistemy-globalnogo-interneta-one-web-
- ^ Gebhardt, Chris (24 April 2020). "Soyuz "Victory Rocket" launches Progress MS-14, followed by docking to the ISS". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
sfn
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Систему предупреждения о ракетном нападении пополнит четвертый спутник" [Fourth satellite to join early warning missile defense system] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter (26 September 2019). "Tundra (EKS, 14F142)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/russia-man.txt |retrieved= 9 Apr 2020
- ^ a b Источник рассказал, когда спутник "Глонасс-К1" могут запустить на орбиту [Source shared GLONASS-K1 satellite tentative launch date] (in Russian). 17 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ a b c Peslyak, Alexey (1 November 2017). Производитель "Глонасс": в 2021 году создадим импортонезависимый спутник [GLONASS designer: we will create a completely Russian satellite by 2021] (in Russian). TASS. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pietrobon, Steven (1 January 2020). "Ariane Launch Manifest". Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ Navin, Joseph. "Soyuz ST-A Falcon Eye-2 launch delayed by a month". NASASpaceFlight.com.
- ^ Роскосмос заказал изготовление ракеты "Союз" для запуска трех спутников "Гонец-М" [Roscosmos ordered a Soyuz rocket for the launch of three Gonets satellites] (in Russian). TASS. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
- ^ Роскосмос заказал поставку "Союза-2-1б" для запуска трех спутников "Гонец" [Roscosmos ordered a Soyuz 2.1b for the launch of three Gonets satellites] (in Russian). 12 September 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Luna-Glob (Luna 25)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ^ "Arianespace and ESA announce EarthCare launch contract". Arianespace (Press release). 28 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)