Bar-le-Duc
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Bar-le-Duc | |
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 Clock tower | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Bar-le-Duc  | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Meuse |
| Arrondissement | Bar-le-Duc |
| Intercommunality | Bar-le-Duc |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2014–2020) | Bertrand Pancher (UMP) |
| Area 1 | 23.62 km2 (9.12 sq mi) |
| Population (2009) | 15,895 |
| • Density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 55029 /55000 |
| Elevation | 175–327 m (574–1,073 ft) (avg. 240 m or 790 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
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| Lorraine |
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Bar-le-Duc (French pronunciation: [baʁ lə dyk]), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Geography
 | This section is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, which was produced in 1911. (August 2016) |
The lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, shut in by wooded or vine-clad hills, and is traversed throughout its length by the Ornain, which is crossed by several bridges. It is limited towards the north-east by the Marne-Rhine Canal, on the south-west by a small arm of the Ornain, called the Canal des Usines, on the left bank of which the upper town (Ville Haute) is situated.[1]
History
Bar-le-Duc was at one time the seat of the countship, later Duchy of Bar. Though probably of ancient origin, the town was unimportant until the 10th century when it became the residence of the counts.[1] Originally part of the early medieval duchy of Upper Lorraine, at some stage in the early modern period it was acquired by the neighbouring dukes of Lorraine.
Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1793 | 9,111 | — |
| 1800 | 8,961 | −1.6% |
| 1806 | 9,970 | +11.3% |
| 1821 | 11,432 | +14.7% |
| 1831 | 12,496 | +9.3% |
| 1836 | 12,383 | −0.9% |
| 1841 | 12,526 | +1.2% |
| 1846 | 13,191 | +5.3% |
| 1851 | 14,816 | +12.3% |
| 1856 | 13,835 | −6.6% |
| 1861 | 14,922 | +7.9% |
| 1866 | 15,334 | +2.8% |
| 1872 | 15,175 | −1.0% |
| 1876 | 16,728 | +10.2% |
| 1881 | 17,485 | +4.5% |
| 1886 | 18,860 | +7.9% |
| 1891 | 18,761 | −0.5% |
| 1896 | 18,249 | −2.7% |
| 1901 | 17,693 | −3.0% |
| 1906 | 17,307 | −2.2% |
| 1911 | 17,068 | −1.4% |
| 1921 | 16,261 | −4.7% |
| 1926 | 16,365 | +0.6% |
| 1931 | 16,550 | +1.1% |
| 1936 | 16,697 | +0.9% |
| 1946 | 15,460 | −7.4% |
| 1954 | 16,609 | +7.4% |
| 1962 | 18,346 | +10.5% |
| 1968 | 19,159 | +4.4% |
| 1975 | 19,288 | +0.7% |
| 1982 | 18,471 | −4.2% |
| 1990 | 17,545 | −5.0% |
| 1999 | 16,944 | −3.4% |
| 2006 | 16,041 | −5.3% |
| 2009 | 15,895 | −0.9% |
Sights
The Ville Haute, which is reached by staircases and steep narrow thoroughfares, is intersected by a long, quiet street, bordered by houses of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. In this quarter are the remains (16th-century) of the château of the dukes of Bar, dismantled in 1670, the old clock-tower, and the college, built in the latter half of the 16th century. Its church of Saint-Étienne (constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries) contains a skillfully carved effigy in white stone of a half-decayed corpse, erected to the memory of René of Châlon (died 1544), the work of 16th-century artist Ligier Richier, a pupil of Michelangelo.[1]
The lower town contains the official buildings and the churches of Notre-Dame, the most ancient in the town, and St. Antony, with 14th-century frescoes. Among the statues of distinguished natives of the town is one to Nicolas Oudinot, whose house serves as the hôtel-de-ville.[1] Other sights include the Notre-Dame Bridge, with five arches surmounted by a chapel in the middle.
Food
The highly rarefied Bar-le-duc jelly, also known as Lorraine Jelly, is a spreadable preparation of white currant or red currant fruit preserves, hailing from this town. First referenced in the historical record in 1344, it is also colloquially referred to as Bar Caviar.
Notable residents
Bar-le-Duc was the birthplace of:
- Jean de Lorraine (1498–1550), Cardinal de Lorraine, Bishop of Metz, Archbishop of Narbonne.
- Mary of Guise (1515–1560), queen consort of Scotland and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
- Francis, Duke of Guise (1519–1563), soldier and politician
- Nicolas Oudinot (1767–1847), marshal of France
- Jean-Joseph Regnault-Warin (1773–1844), writer, pamphleteer
- Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans (1775–1852), marshal of France
- Pierre Michaux (1813–1883) inventor
- Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886), mathematician
- Albert Cim (1845–1924), novelist, literary critic and bibliographer
- Job (1858–1931), illustrator
- Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934), statesman
- Jean Dries (1905–1973), painter
- Benjamin Compaoré (1987–), athlete
Other notable residents were:
- Jean-François Jacqueminot (1787–1865), who established a great silk factory
- Ernest Bradfer (1833–1882), who established a major iron works in the town.
International relations
Bar-le-Duc is twinned with:
Tambov, Russia
Griesheim, Germany- Wilkau-Haßlau, Germany
Gyönk, Hungary
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bar-le-Duc". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 404.
References
External links
- Official website
- INSEE commune file* Tourism Office website
- Pictures
- Voie Sacree
- works of Ligier Richier. This sculptor has important works in Bar-le-Duc
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