Jump to content

Government of Croatia

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Tezwoo (talk | contribs) at 00:49, 1 December 2016. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Government of the Republic of Croatia
Vlada Republike Hrvatske
Overview
StateRepublic of Croatia
LeaderPrime Minister
Appointed byPresident
Responsible toParliament
Websitewww.vlada.gov.hr

The Government of Croatia (Template:Lang-hr), formally the Government of the Republic of Croatia (Template:Lang-hr), commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government (Template:Lang-hr), is the main executive branch of government in Croatia. It is led by the President of the Government (Template:Lang-hr), informally abbreviated to premier (Template:Lang-hr) or prime minister. The prime minister is nominated by the President of the Republic from among those candidates who enjoy majority support in the Croatian Parliament; the candidate is then chosen by the Parliament. There are 20 other government members, serving as deputy prime ministers, government ministers or both; they are chosen by the prime minister and confirmed by the Parliament (Sabor). The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament. The current government is led by Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković.

Following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and the Government of the Land (Template:Lang-hr)—headed by a crown-appointed ban—were established. This government existed until the Austria-Hungary breakup and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' creation in 1918. In 1939, the Banovina of Croatia was established and a head of the Banovina of Croatia was appointed by the crown, but no effective government was formed before World War II. In 1943, the ZAVNOH established an executive board to act as a new government. Communist Croatia, while a part of Communist Yugoslavia, had a separate government, with limited powers (excluding defence and foreign relations; this was similar to all the previous governmental forms). Following the first multi-party elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present governmental form was adopted and Stjepan Mesić became the first person to hold the title of Prime Minister of Croatia (with Croatia as part of Yugoslavia), while Franjo Gregurić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia. Since Communist rule's end, the Republic of Croatia has had twelve governments headed by ten different prime ministers. Eight governments have been formed by the Croatian Democratic Union, three by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia and one was a national unity government (formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak).

Terminology

The term "Government" in Croatia (Vlada) primarily refers to the executive branch, as used by the government itself, the press and colloquially, as that branch of the government (vlast) is responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation (uprava); this sense is intended when it is said that a political party forms the Government.[1][2][3] At its widest, the term Croatian Government can refer collectively to all three traditional branches of government, including the legislative branch (the Sabor) and judicial branch (the Judiciary of Croatia), as well as other parts of government and civil services which are part of the state of Croatia.[citation needed]

Governmental powers

Building with lots of windows in a pre-modern style
Banski dvori, the building of the Government of the Republic of Croatia

The Government, the main executive power of the Croatian state, is headed by the prime minister (PM). The PM currently has four deputies (elected by the Croatian Parliament), three of whom also currently serve as government ministers; there are 17 other ministers, who are appointed by the prime minister with the approval of the Sabor (by majority vote). The government ministers are each in charge of a particular sector of activity such as Foreign Affairs. The prime minister and all the deputies form an inner cabinet, tasked with coordinating and supervising the work of government ministers on behalf of the PM; the inner cabinet also prepares materials for meetings of the full government cabinet (consisting of the inner cabinet and the remaining 16 ministers). The first deputy prime minister also discharges the duties of the prime minister when the latter is incapacitated or absent.[4] The executive branch is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic. The government's official residence is at the Banski dvori in Zagreb.[5] Although the cabinet normally meets at the Banski dvori, occasionally its meetings are held elsewhere in the country.[6]

The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament, the Sabor (Template:Lang-hr). Its structure, operational procedures and decision-making processes are defined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia Act and the Government Rules of Procedure. The Constitution mandates that the Government proposes legislation and other documents to the parliament, proposes the budget and gives financial reports, implements Acts and other decisions of the parliament, enacts any regulations required to implement the Acts, defines foreign and internal policies, directs and oversees the operation of state administration, promotes the economic development of the country, directs the activities and development of public services and performs other activities conforming to the provisions of the Constitution and applicable legislation. The Government also passes regulations and administrative acts and orders appointments and removals of appointed officials and civil servants within the scope of its powers. Furthermore, the Government makes rulings in cases of conflicts of jurisdiction between governmental institutions, responds to questions asked parliamentary majority and opposition representatives,[7] prepares proposals of new legislation and other regulations, gives opinions on legislation and other regulations and adopts strategies for the economic and social development of the country.[8][9]

Building in formal style behind scattered trees
Ministry of Foreign Affairs building

The Government manages state property of the Republic of Croatia unless special legislation provides otherwise. It may appoint special committees to manage the property on its behalf; this process is implemented through appointed members of supervisory boards and managing boards of companies partially or wholly owned by the Republic of Croatia. (The Government also determines these appointees' salaries.) The Government maintains specialized bodies, agencies and offices—including the Legislation Office, the Public Relations Office and the Office for National Minorities—that are required by the Government Act of 1998, as well as committees to decide administrative matters. Various branches of government may establish joint services.[8] There are further entities established by the government as companies designed to support the aims of the Government, such as the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development that strives to fund the reconstruction and development of the economy of Croatia.[10] Local governments are separate from the central government; the latter maintains a State Administration Office in each county, under the Ministry of Administration.[11]

The Government is responsible to the Croatian Parliament; the parliament may recall the Government as a whole or any member of the Government in particular by an absolute majority vote (majority of all MPs) following a request for a confidence vote by one fifth of the parliament members or by the prime minister. The prime minister and other members of the Government are jointly responsible for decisions passed by the Government and individually responsible for their respective portfolios (areas of responsibility). The President of the Republic appoints the prime minister, who must then secure a vote of confidence from the Croatian Parliament (majority of all MPs); the appointment is therefore counter-signed by the speaker of the parliament to signify this. Appointments of members of the Government are done by the prime minister with the approval of the Croatian Parliament (again signified via a counter-signature by the speaker of the parliament). The rules of procedure and regulations enacted by the Government must be published in Narodne Novine—the official gazette of Croatia—to be binding.[8][9]

Government operations

Government meetings are public; however, the government may decide to close any part of its sessions (or entire sessions) to the public. The prime minister may authorise any deputy to represent the PM and otherwise take over any particular task assigned to the PM. The quorum for government sessions is a majority of government members. Most decisions are reached by a simple majority vote; a two-thirds majority vote is required for decisions about changes to the Croatian Constitution, uniting with other states or transferring any part of Croatian sovereignty to supranational organisations, changes to Croatian borders, dissolution of the parliament, or calling a referendum.[8]

The inner or core cabinet (the prime minister and the PM's deputies) monitors and discusses the operation of the government, and may hold preliminary discussions on any matter performed by the government. The core cabinet may act as the government in emergencies when the government is unable to meet; however, its decisions must be verified at the next government session to remain in force. The Government Secretary coordinates agencies, offices and other services subordinated to the government.[8]

Current government

Since 10 October 2016, the President of the Government (Prime Minister) has been Andrej Plenković. There are four deputy prime ministers: Davor Ivo Stier, Martina Dalić, Damir Krstičević and Ivan Kovačić. The Government ministers are from the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and the Bridge of Independent Lists (MOST), with four of them being independent politicians.

List of Ministers

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party
Prime Minister's Office
Prime Minister style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Andrej Plenković 19 October 2016 HDZ
Deputy Prime Ministers
Minister of Foreign and European Affairs style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Davor Ivo Stier 19 October 2016 HDZ
Ministry of Economy, Small and Medium Entrepreneurship and Crafts style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Martina Dalić 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Defence style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Damir Krstičević 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Public Administration style="background:Template:Bridge of Independent Lists/meta/color;"| Ivan Kovačić 19 October 2016 Most
Ministers
Minister of the Interior style="background:Template:Bridge of Independent Lists/meta/color;"| Vlaho Orepić 22 January 2016[53] Most
Minister of Justice style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| Ante Šprlje 22 January 2016[53] Independent
Minister of Finance style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| Zdravko Marić 22 January 2016[53] Independent
Minister of Agriculture style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Tomislav Tolušić 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Regional Development and EU funds style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| Gabrijela Žalac 19 October 2016 Independent
Minister of Construction and Spatial Planning style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Lovro Kuščević 22 January 2016[53] HDZ
Minister of Environmental Protection and Energy style="background:Template:Bridge of Independent Lists/meta/color;"| Slaven Dobrović 22 January 2016[53] Most
Minister of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Oleg Butković 22 January 2016[53] HDZ
Minister of Labour and Pension System style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Tomislav Ćorić 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Health style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Milan Kujundžić 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Demography, Families, Youth and Social Politics style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Nada Murganić 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister of Croatian Veterans style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Tomo Medved 21 March 2016[53] HDZ
Minister of Science and Education style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| Pavo Barišić 19 October 2016 Independent
Minister of Culture style="background:Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color;"| Nina Obuljen Koržinek 19 October 2016 Independent
Minister of Tourism style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Gari Cappelli 19 October 2016 HDZ
Minister without portfolio style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| Goran Marić 19 October 2016 15 November 2016 HDZ
Minister of State Property style="background:Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color;"| 15 November 2016

Government history

Group of people in formal garb, including swords
Ban Pavao Rauch at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, with Banski dvori in the background

Ban's Council (Template:Lang-hr) of 1848–1850 was the first executive council established in Croatia. It acted as an administrative body governing Croatia within the Austrian Empire as a government.[54] Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the subsequent Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was established, along with the Government of the Land (Template:Lang-hr) headed by a crown-appointed ban. The establishment was carried out during the administration of Ban Levin Rauch.[55][56] This government form continued until the breakup of Austria-Hungary and creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. In total, 15 Bans acted as heads of the government in this period.[57] The Cvetković–Maček Agreement was made in 1939; it established the Banovina of Croatia and appointed Ivan Šubašić as ban to head the Croatian government.[58] Still, an effective government was not formed before the onset of World War II.[59] In June 1943, the National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia established an 11-member executive board to act as the new government of Croatia.[60] Communist-ruled Croatia, a part of Yugoslavia, maintained its own government (of limited powers, excluding defence and foreign relations). The government was appointed by and responsible to the Sabor. During the Communist era, there were 14 governments of Croatia. The official name of the government was the Executive Council of the Sabor (Template:Lang-hr).[61] Following the parliamentary elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present form of government was begun. On 30 May 1990, Stjepan Mesić became the first person to hold the title of Prime Minister of Croatia, and Franjo Gregurić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia, as he held the office on 8 October 1991 when the declaration of independence came into effect.[62][63]

List of governments of the Republic of Croatia

Since 30 May 1990 (the first multi-party parliamentary election held following the 45-year Communist rule), the Republic of Croatia has had a total of twelve governments headed by ten different prime ministers. The prime minister in the first government after the first multi-party election was Stjepan Mesić, who would later go on to become the President of Croatia. That government was formed by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), as were seven other governments of Croatia. Three governments have been formed by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), and one was a national unity government (representing a wide coalition of political parties) formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak, between July 1991 and August 1992, with Franjo Gregurić as the prime minister.[62]

Assumed office Prime Minister (Leading) Party in Office Cabinet
30 May 1990 Stjepan Mesić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Stjepan Mesić
24 August 1990 Josip Manolić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Josip Manolić
17 July 1991 Franjo Gregurić National unity government Cabinet of Franjo Gregurić
12 August 1992 Hrvoje Šarinić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Hrvoje Šarinić
3 April 1993 Nikica Valentić Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Nikica Valentić
7 November 1995 Zlatko Mateša Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Zlatko Mateša
27 January 2000 Ivica Račan Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Ivica Račan I
30 July 2002 Ivica Račan Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Ivica Račan II
23 December 2003 Ivo Sanader Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Ivo Sanader I
12 January 2008 Ivo Sanader Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II
6 July 2009 Jadranka Kosor Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor
23 December 2011 Zoran Milanović Social Democratic Party of Croatia Cabinet of Zoran Milanović
22 January 2016 Tihomir Orešković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Tihomir Orešković
19 October 2016 Andrej Plenković Croatian Democratic Union Cabinet of Andrej Plenković
Sources: Croatian Government;[62] HIDRA.[64]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ These are supporting offices of (services for) the cabinet; each is run by a Head of the Office.
  2. ^ These support the central government as a whole in terms of strategy coordination and infrastructure; each is headed by a State Secretary.
  3. ^ In general, these supervise other government bodies such as the Public Sector Bodies (below).
  4. ^ These are public sector organisations established for various tasks.

References

  1. ^ "Croatia country profile". BBC News. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  2. ^ "Social Democrat Ivo Josipovic elected Croatia president". BBC News. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  3. ^ "About Croatian Government". Croatian Government. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  4. ^ "Zakon o Vladi Republike Hrvatske". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 22 December 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Political Structure". Croatian Government. 6 May 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  6. ^ Tamara Opačak-Klobučar (28 July 2011). "Unatoč nezadovoljstvu SDP-a, Jakovčić će sutra potpisati projekt". Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Početak prve sjednice novog saziva Sabora obilježio je sukob HDSSB-a i SDSS-a". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 18 January 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e "Zakon o Vladi Republike Hrvatske". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 22 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b "Ustav Republike Hrvatske". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 9 July 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "About HBOR". Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  11. ^ "Ustrojstvo državne uprave i struktura upravljanja" (in Croatian). Ministry of Administration. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Uredi Vlade" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Uredba o Uredu Predsjednika Vlade Republike Hrvatske". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 6 November 2002. Retrieved 19 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "English introduction". Office for Social Partnership of the Croatian Government. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  15. ^ "Ured za razminiranje" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Državni uredi" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Retrieved 29 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Državne upravne organizacije" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ a b "Zakon o sustavu državne uprave". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 22 December 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "About us". Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  20. ^ "Osnivanje zavoda" (in Croatian). State Office for Radiological and Nuclear Safety. Retrieved 16 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "State Office for Metrology". State Office for Metrology. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  22. ^ "SIPO Croatia". State Intellectual Property Office. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  23. ^ "Državni Inspektorat" (in Croatian). State Inspector’s Office. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "About us". Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  25. ^ "About us". National Protection and Rescue Directorate. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  26. ^ "O nama" (in Croatian). State Geodetic Directorate. Retrieved 22 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Javni sektor" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "About us". State Institute for Nature Protection. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  29. ^ "O SKDD-u" (in Croatian). Central Depository & Clearing Company. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "About us". Central Finance and Contracting Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  31. ^ "About Regos". Central Registry of Insured Persons. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  32. ^ "Osnivanje i djelokrug poslova" (in Croatian). Croatian Institute for Health Insurance. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Priority functions of CES". Croatian Employment Service. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  34. ^ "Croatian Standards Institute". Croatian Standards Institute. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  35. ^ "O nama" (in Croatian). Croatian Pension Insurance Institute. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Vision & Mission". Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  37. ^ "Zakon o državnoj izmjeri i katastru nekretnina". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 9 February 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ "Mine action in Croatia". Croatian Mine Action Centre. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  39. ^ "O Hidri" (in Croatian). Croatian Information Documentation Referral Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ "About us". Croatian Accreditation Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  41. ^ "About CARNet". Croatian Academic and Research Network. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  42. ^ "Zakon o hrvatskoj agenciji za nadzor financijskih usluga". Narodne Novine (in Croatian). 28 November 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Mission, Vision". Croatian Agency for Small Business. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  44. ^ "Djelatnost Fonda" (in Croatian). Fund for the Compensation of Expropriated Property. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "About us". Financial Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  46. ^ "Scope of authorities and responsibilities". State Audit Office. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  47. ^ "Deposit Insurance and Bank Relation Sector". State Agency for Deposit Insurance and Bank Rehabilitation. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  48. ^ "Human Rights Center". State Agency for Deposit Insurance and Bank Rehabilitation. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  49. ^ "Mission". Croatian Competition Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  50. ^ "About the Agency". Personal Data Protection Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  51. ^ "About us". Croatian Environment Agency. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  52. ^ "Djelatnost APN-a" (in Croatian). Agency for Transactions and Mediation in Immovable Properties. Retrieved 14 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ a b c d e f g Became a minister in the previous Cabinet. See: 13. Croatian Goverment
  54. ^ Rajka Bućin (December 2008). "Pisarnica i sustav uredskog poslovanja Banskog vijeća (1848.-1850)". Arhivski vjesnik (in Croatian) (51). Croatian State Archives: 25–55. ISSN 0570-9008. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Ladislav Heka (October 2008). "Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije". Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). 8 (1). Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje: 152–173. ISSN 1332-4853. Retrieved 16 October 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ Branko Dubravica (January 2002). "Političko-teritorijalna podjela i opseg civilne Hrvatske u godinama sjedinjenja s vojnom Hrvatskom 1871.-1886". Politička misao (in Croatian). 38 (3). University of Zagreb, Faculty of Political Sciences: 159–172. ISSN 0032-3241. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ Spencer Tucker; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). World War I: encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 1286. ISBN 978-1-85109-420-2. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  58. ^ Matjaž Klemenčič; Mitja Žagar (2004). The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 121–123. ISBN 978-1-57607-294-3. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  59. ^ "Jugoslavija: unitarna država ili federacija povijesne težnje srpskoga i hrvatskog naroda – jedan od uzroka raspada Jugoslavije". Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu (in Croatian). 46 (2). University of Split, Faculty of Law: 287–314. June 2009. ISSN 0584-9063. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ Josipa Bosiljka Paver (November 1989). "O arhivskoj građi ZAVNOH-a u Arhivu Hrvatske". Arhivski vjesnik (in Croatian) (33). Croatian State Archives: 87–92. ISSN 0570-9008. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Budislav Vukas, ml. (December 2006). "Prijedlozi i nacrti konfederalizacije Jugoslavije 1990./91. – posljednji pokušaji "spašavanja" zajedničke države". Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci (in Croatian). 27 (2). University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law: 761–803. ISSN 1330-349X. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ a b c "Prethodne vlade RH" (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ "Ceremonial session of the Croatian Parliament on the occasion of the Day of Independence of the Republic of Croatia". Official web site of the Croatian Parliament. Sabor. 7 October 2004. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ "Kronologija Vlade" (in Croatian). Croatian Information-Documentation and Referral Agency – HIDRA. Retrieved 10 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)