Pacoh language

Pacoh
Pacoh
Native to	Laos, Vietnam
Ethnicity	Pacoh
Native speakers	32,000 (2002–2005)
Language family	Austroasiatic Katuic Pacoh; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pac
Glottolog	paco1243

The Pacoh language is a member of the Katuic language group, a part of the Eastern [1] Mon–Khmer linguistic branch. Most Pacoh speakers live in central Laos and central Vietnam.^[2] Pacoh is undergoing substantial change, influenced by the Vietnamese.^[3]

Alternative names are Paco, Pokoh, Bo River Van Kieu. Its dialects are Pahi (Ba-Hi). They are officially classified by the Vietnamese government as Ta'Oi (Tà Ôi) people.

Phonology

Vowels (Sidwell 2003):

Pacoh has six vowel qualities, all of which occur long and short, in modal and creaky voice. Creaky vowels are lowered compared to modally voiced vowels. There are three diphthongs which also occur modal and creaky. Unlike other languages in the area, vowel phonation does not seem to have originated in the phonation of preceding consonants.

Monophthongs
	front	central	back
High modal	i iː	ɨ ɨː	u uː
Low modal	e eː	ə əː	o oː
High creaky	ḛ ḛː	ə̰ ə̰ː	o̰ o̰ː
Low creaky	ɛ̰ ɛ̰ː	a̰ a̰ː	ɔ̰ ɔ̰ː

Diphthongs
	front	central	back
Modal	iə	ɨə	uə
Creaky	ḛa	ə̰a	o̰a

Grammar

Pacoh Pronouns
	1st person			2nd person			3rd person
	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural	singular	dual	plural
General	kɨ:	maj	dɔ:	ɲaŋ	ʔiɲa:	ʔaɲa:	hɛ:	ʔipɛ:	ʔapɛ:
Genitive	ʔɳkɨ:	ʔmmaj	ʔndɔ:	ʔɲɲaŋ	ʔndɔ:-ʔiɲa:	ʔndɔ:-ʔaɲa:	ʔŋhɛ:	ʔndɔ:-ʔipɛ:	ʔndɔ:-ʔapɛ:
Dative	ʔakɨ:	ʔamaj	ʔadɔ:	ʔaɲaŋ	ʔadɔ:-ʔiɲa:	ʔadɔ:-ʔaɲa:	ʔahɛ:	ʔadɔ:-ʔipɛ:	ʔadɔ:-ʔapɛ:

Pacoh is an analytic SVO language with six parts of speech—including verbs, nouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions, and sentence particles, all variably depend on each other in syntactic relationship, and five important grammatical cases—nominative, accusative, dative, locative, predicative. There are no markers for the nominative and accusative cases, and word order is relied on to distinguish them instead.

Jǫ:n

give

ʔakɨ:

DAT-1SG

ʃac

book

maj

2SG

"Give me your book."

dɔ:

NOM-1PL

pe:ŋ

shoot

ʔa-ceʔ

ACC-bird

daŋ

means

tumiəŋ

crossbow

"I shot the bird with crossbow."

The predicative case marks a noun dependent on noun, usually common nouns, extension relator nouns, and demonstrative nouns.

ʔnkǫ:ŋ

man

ʔən

that

ʔiəw

old

ʔnkoh

that-PRED

"That old man."

References

^ Pacoh at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Table 41: Austroasiatic languages. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
^ Mark J. Alves. "A grammar of Pacoh: A Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam". Pacific Linguistics Publishers. Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. Retrieved 2007-09-11.

External links

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[e18-1] Pacoh at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Britannica-2] Table 41: Austroasiatic languages. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-09-11.

[change-3] Mark J. Alves. "A grammar of Pacoh: A Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam". Pacific Linguistics Publishers. Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. Retrieved 2007-09-11.

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[2]

[3]

Phonology

Grammar

References

Further reading

External links