Pentaphragma

Pentaphragma
	Pentaphragma begoniaefolium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Pentaphragmataceae; J.Agardh
Genus:	Pentaphragma; Wall. ex G.Don
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Francfleurya A.Chev. & Gagnep.

Pentaphragma is a genus of flowering plants. Pentaphragma is the sole genus in Pentaphragmataceae, a family in the order Asterales. These species are fleshy herbs, with asymmetrical leaf blades. They are found in Southeast Asia. Pentaphragma is rayless, but eventually develops rays in at least one of the species studied. This is interpreted as related to secondary woodiness or upright habit within a predominantly herbaceous phylad. The vessel elements of Pentaphragma have features universally interpreted as primitive in dicotyledons: scalariform perforation plates with numerous bars; pit membrane remnants in perforations; scalariform lateral wall pitting; the genus also has fiber-tracheids with prominently bordered pits. The presence of occasional scalariform perforation plates, often aberrant, in secondary xylem of families of Asterales sensu lato - Campanulaceae, Pentaphragmataceae, Valerianaceae, and even Asteraceae (e.g., certain Lactuceae) - can be attributed to paedomorphosis, extending these plates into secondary xylem from primary xylem. Raylessness in Pentaphragma can be described in terms of secondary woodiness or paedomorphosis. The fact that fiber-tracheids are shorter than vessel elements in Pentaphragma is believed related to raylessness also, because some fiber-tracheids are produced from 'potential' ray areas.^[3]

Species

References

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ "Pentaphragma Wall. ex A.DC". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
^ Carlquist, Sherwin (1997-01-01). "Pentaphragma: A Unique Wood and its Significance". IAWA Journal. 18 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1163/22941932-90001453. ISSN 2294-1932.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lin, Che-Wei (14 November 2016). "Two new species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae) from Sarawak, Borneo". Taiwania. 61 (4): 355–361. doi:10.6165/tai.2016.61.355. Archived from the original on November 10, 2018. Alt URL
^ ^a ^b ^c Kiew, Ruth (1990). "Three New Species of Pentaphragma from Borneo". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 545–554. Bibcode:1990KewBu..45..545K. doi:10.2307/4110517. JSTOR 4110517.

External links

www.mobot.org

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[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083. Retrieved 2013-07-06.

[2] "Pentaphragma Wall. ex A.DC". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

[3] Carlquist, Sherwin (1997-01-01). "Pentaphragma: A Unique Wood and its Significance". IAWA Journal. 18 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1163/22941932-90001453. ISSN 2294-1932.

[:0-4] Lin, Che-Wei (14 November 2016). "Two new species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae) from Sarawak, Borneo". Taiwania. 61 (4): 355–361. doi:10.6165/tai.2016.61.355. Archived from the original on November 10, 2018. Alt URL

[:1-5] Kiew, Ruth (1990). "Three New Species of Pentaphragma from Borneo". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 545–554. Bibcode:1990KewBu..45..545K. doi:10.2307/4110517. JSTOR 4110517.

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