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Template
:
Phytochemicals
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from
Template:Phytochemical
)
v
t
e
Types of
phytochemicals
Terpenoids
v
t
e
Types of
terpenes
and
terpenoids
(# of
isoprene
units)
Basic forms:
Acyclic (linear,
cis
and
trans
forms)
Monocyclic (single ring)
Bicyclic (2 rings)
Iridoids
(cyclopentane ring)
Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar)
Steroids
(4 rings)
Hemiterpenoids
(1)
Isoprene
(C
5
H
8
)
Prenol
Isovaleric acid
Monoterpenes
(C
10
H
16
)(2)
Acyclic
Ocimene
Myrcenes
Monocyclic
Limonene
Terpinene
Phellandrene
Bicyclic
Pinene
(
α
and
β
)
Camphene
Thujene
Sabinene
Carene
Monoterpenoids
(2,modified)
Acyclic
Citronellal
Citral
Citronellol
Geraniol
Geranyl pyrophosphate
Halomon
Linalool
Monocyclic
Grapefruit mercaptan
Menthol
p-Cymene
Thujaplicins
(
Hinokitiol
)
Thymol
Perillyl alcohol
Carvacrol
Bicyclic
Camphor
Borneol
Bornyl acetate
Eucalyptol
Ascaridole
Umbellulone
Sesquiterpenoids
(3)
Artemisinin
Bisabolol
Cadinene
Cadinol
Cedrene
Chanootin
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Juniperol
Longifolene
Muurolene
Nootkatin
Diterpenoids
(4)
Acyclic
Phytol
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl-linalool
Monocyclic
Retinol
Retinal
Bicyclic
cis
-Abienol
Epimanool
Salvinorin A
Tricyclic
Cembrene
Forskolin
Manoyl oxide
Pimaral
Pimarol
Tetracyclic
Aphidicolin
Gibberellin
Paclitaxel
Resin acids
Abietic acid
Communic acid
Dehydroabietic acid
Isopimaric acid
Lambertianic acid
Levopimaric acid
Mercusic acid
Neoabietic acid
Pimaric acid
Sandaracopimaric acid
Secodehydroabietic acid
Palustric acid
Sesterterpenoids
(5)
Geranylfarnesol
Triterpenoids
(6)
Steroids
Phytosterols
Campesterol
Citrostadienol
Cycloartenol
Sitostanol
Sitosterol
Stigmasterol
Tocopherols
Cholesterol
Testosterone
Cholecalciferol
Ecdysones
Other
Betulin
Lanosterol
Saponins
Serratenediol
Squalane
Acids
Oleanolic acid
Ursolic acid
Betulinic acid
Moronic acid
Sesquarterpenes/oids (7)
Ferrugicadiol
Tetraprenylcurcumene
Tetraterpenoids
(
Carotenoids
) (8)
Carotenes
Alpha-Carotene
Beta-Carotene
Gamma-Carotene
Delta-Carotene
Lycopene
Neurosporene
Phytofluene
Phytoene
Xanthophylls
:
Canthaxanthin
Cryptoxanthin
Zeaxanthin
Astaxanthin
Lutein
Rubixanthin
Polyterpenoids
(many)
Natural rubber
Gutta percha
Gutta-balatá
Norisoprenoids (modified)
3-oxo-α-ionol
7,8-dihydroionone
Synthesis
Terpene synthase enzymes (many), having in common a
terpene synthase N terminal domain
(
protein domain
)
Activated isoprene forms
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
(IPP)
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
(DMAPP)
Phenolic compounds
v
t
e
Types of
phenolic compounds
Natural monophenols
Benzenediols
Benzenetriols
Apiole
Carnosol
Carvacrol
Dillapiole
Polyphenols
v
t
e
Types of
polyphenols
Flavonoids
(C6-C3-C6)
v
t
e
Types of
flavonoids
Flavonoids
Anthoxanthins
Flavones
Apigenin
,
Chrysin
, et.c.
Flavonols
Quercetin
,
Kaempferol
, et.c.
Isoflavones
Daidzein
,
Genistein
,
Orobol
et.c.
Neoflavonoids
Dalbergichromene
Flavans
Flavan
Luteoliflavan
Flavan-3-ols
(
flavanols
)
Catechin
,
Gallocatechol
, et.c.
Flavan-4-ols
(
flavanols
)
Apiforol
,
Luteoforol
, et.c.
Flavan-3,4-diols
Leucocyanidin
,
Leucodelphinidin
, et.c.
Flavanones
Hesperidin
Naringenin
Eriodictyol
Flavanonols
Taxifolin
Aromadendrin
, et.c.
Anthocyanidins
3-deoxyanthocyanidins
Cyanidin
,
Delphinidin
, et.c.
3-hydroxyanthocyanidin
Apigeninidin
,
Guibourtinidin
, et.c.
Aurones
Aureusidin
Leptosidin
Chalcones
Chalcones
Butein
,
Isoliquiritigenin
, et.c.
Dihydrochalcone
Phloretin
Miscellaneous
List of phytochemicals in food
C-methylated flavonoids
O-methylated flavonoids
Furanoflavonoids
Pyranoflavonoids
Prenylflavonoids
Methylenedioxy
Castavinols
Flavonoid biosynthesis
Flavonolignans
Silymarin
Lignans
((C6-C3)
2
)
Matairesinol
Secoisolariciresinol
Pinoresinol
Stilbenoids
(C6-C2-C6)
Resveratrol
Pterostilbene
Piceatannol
Pinosylvin
Curcuminoids
Curcumin
Tannins
v
t
e
Types of natural
tannins
Hydrolysable tannins
Ellagitannins
Punicalagins
Castalagins
Vescalagins
Castalins
Casuarictins
Grandinins
Punicalins
Roburin A
Tellimagrandin IIs
Terflavin B
Gallotannins
Digalloyl glucose
1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose
Condensed tannins
Proanthocyanidins
Polyflavonoid tannins
Catechol-type tannins
Pyrocatecollic type tannins
Flavolans
Phlorotannins
Eckol
8,8′-Bieckol
6,6'-Bieckol
Dieckol
Eckstolonol
Diphlorethol
Difucol
Fucophlorethol A
Phlorofucofuroeckol A
Tetrafucol A
Trifucol
Bifuhalol
7-Phloroeckol
Phlorofucofuroeckol B
Flavono-ellagitannins
(complex tannins)
Epicutissimin A
Acutissimin A
Other Miscellaneous
Tannin sources
Pseudo tannins
Synthetic tannins
Tannin uses
Enological
Drilling
Ink
Tanning
Others
Diarylheptanoids
(C6-C7-C6)
Anthraquinones
Chalconoids
(C6-C3-C6)
Kavalactones
Naphthoquinones
(C6-C4)
Phenylpropanoids
(C6-C3)
Xanthonoids
(C6-C1-C6)
Coumarins
and
isocoumarins
Misc
:
Polyphenols
Aromatic acids
v
t
e
Aromatic acids
Phenolic acids
Monohydroxybenzoic acids
Aglycones
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Salicylic acid
Glycosides
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid glucoside
Dihydroxybenzoic acids
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
(Hypogallic acid)
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
Ethyl protocatechuate
Gentisic acid
Homogentisic acid
Orsellinic acid
Protocatechuic acid
Trihydroxybenzoic acids
Bergenin
Chebulic acid
Ethyl gallate
Eudesmic acid
Gallic acid
Tannic acid
Norbergenin
Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid
Syringic acid
Theogallin
Other phenolic acids
Vanillin
Ellagic acid
Hydroxycinnamic acids
α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
Caffeic acid
Chicoric acid
Cinnamic acid
Chlorogenic acid
Diferulic acids
Coumaric acid
Coumarin
Ferulic acid
Sinapinic acid
Aromatic amino acids
phenylalanine
tryptophan
histidine
tyrosine
thyroxine
5-hydroxytryptophan
L-DOPA
Phenylethanoids
Tyrosol
Hydroxytyrosol
Oleocanthal
Oleuropein
Others
Capsaicin
Gingerol
Alkylresorcinols
Misc
:
Phenolic compounds
Phlorotannins
)
Glucosinolates
Precursor to
isothiocyanates
Sinigrin
Gluconasturtiin
Glucoraphanin
Aglycone derivatives
Isothiocyanates
Sulforaphane
Allyl isothiocyanate
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
Nitriles
Thiocyanates
Organosulfides
Sulfides
Polysulfides
Diallyl disulfide
Indoles
Indole-3-carbinol
3,3'-Diindolylmethane
Allicin
Alliin
Allyl isothiocyanate
Piperine
Syn-propanethial-S-oxide
Betalains
Betacyanins
Betanin
Betaxanthins
Indicaxanthin
Vulgaxanthin
Chlorophylls
Chlorophyllin
Organic acids
Saturated cyclic acids
Phytic acid
Quinic acid
Oxalic acid
Tartaric acid
Anacardic acid
Malic acid
Caftaric acid
Coutaric acid
Fertaric acid
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Hexoses
Pentoses
Polysaccharides
Beta-glucan
Chitin
Lentinan
Fructan
Inulins
Lignin
Pectin
Misc
:
List of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent
Categories
:
Chemistry navigational boxes
Phytochemicals