Timeline of Aleppo
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aleppo, Syria.
Prior to 10th century
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| Bronze Age |
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- Founded before 2000 BCE
- 1800 - 1525 BCE- part of the Amorite dynasty
- 333 BCE - Alexander the Great in power.
- 286 BCE - Hellenic settlement of Beroea established.
- 88 BCE - City becomes part of Kingdom of Armenia.
- 64 BCE - City becomes part of Roman Syria.
- 611 CE - Persian Chosroes II in power.[1]
- 637
- July–October: Siege of Aleppo by Muslim forces.
- Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque built.
- 717 - Great Mosque built.
10th-12th centuries
- 944 - Sayf al-Dawla in power.
- 961 - Byzantines in power.[2]
- 1090 - Seljuks in power.[1]
- 1098 - City besieged by Christian crusaders.
- 1124
- City besieged by Christian crusaders under Baldwin II.[3]
- Al-Halawiyah Madrasa built.
- 1138 - 11 October: Earthquake was one of deadliest of all time.
- 1168 - Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa established.
- 1170 - 29 June: Earthquake.[3]
- 1183 - Saladin assumes power.[1]
- 1193
- Az-Zahir Ghazi in power.
- Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa built.
13th century
- 1211 - Hammam al-Sultan built.
- 1212 - Bab al-Nasr (gate) rebuilt.
- 1218 - Aqueduct restored.[3]
- 1223 - Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa established.
- 1230 - Bab al-Maqam (gate) built.
- 1236 - Al-Firdaws Madrasa established.
- 1237
- Khanqah al-Farafira (monastery) and Al-Kameliyah Madrasa built.
- Bab al-Nairab (gate) built (approximate date).
- 1242 - Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa built.
- 1251 - Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa built.
- 1256 - Bab Qinnasrin (gate) rebuilt.
- 1260 - City besieged by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.[2]
- 1280 - City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
14th-15th centuries
- 1303 - Mahmandar Mosque built.
- 1318 - Altun Bogha Mosque built.
- 1350 - Al-Sahibiyah Mosque built.
- 1354 - Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (asylum) active.
- 1398 - Al-Otrush Mosque and Al-Tawashi mosque built.
- 1400 - City besieged by forces of Timur of Transoxia.[2]
- 1427 - Citadel expanded.[2]
- 1418 - Central Synagogue rebuilt.[citation needed]
- 1425 - Al-Saffahiyah Mosque built.
- 1429 - Forty Martyrs Cathedral consecrated.
- 1450
- Khan al-Qadi active in Al-Madina Souq.[citation needed]
- Hammam al-Bayadah built.
- 1472 - Khan al-Burghul built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1491 - Hammam Yalbugha built.
16th century
- 1500
- Cathedral of Our Lady of Syrians built.
- Church of the Dormition of Our Lady renovated.
- 1509 - Bab al-Hadid (gate) rebuilt.
- 1516 - Ottoman Selim I in power.[2]
- 1517 - Becomes part of Ottoman Empire.
- 1534 - City becomes capital of Aleppo Eyalet.
- 1537 - Population: 80,000.[4]
- 1539 - Souq Khan al-Nahhaseen built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1546 - Khan al-Shouneh built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1547 - Khusruwiyah Mosque built.
- 1548 - Consulate of Republic of Venice established.[5]
- 1557 - Al-Adiliyah Mosque built (approximate date).
- 1562 - Consulate of France established.[5]
- 1583 - Consulate of England established.[5]
17th-18th centuries
- 1603 - Beit Wakil (mansion) built.
- 1622 - Levant Company in business.[6]
- 1613 - Consulate of the Netherlands established.[5]
- 1629 - Guild of "makers of swords, knives, daggers, bows, and shields" organized.[7]
- 1682 - Souq Khan al-Wazir built in Al-Madina Souq.
- 1683 - Population: 115,000.[4]
- 1706 - Printing press established.[8]
- 1724 - Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa established.
- 1730 - Madrasa Ridaiya established.
19th century
- 1805 - Uprising.[1]
- 1812 - Earthquake;[9] citadel collapses.[10]
- 1814 - "Janissary massacre."[1]
- 1822 - Earthquake.[3]
- 1823
- 1827 - Plague.[12]
- 1830 - Earthquake.[2]
- 1832
- Ibrahim Pasha takes city for Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
- Cholera oubreak.[12]
- 1834 - Military barracks built in the Citadel.
- 1840 - Mohammed Ali relinquishes power.
- 1850
- City besieged by Beduins.[2]
- Massacre of Aleppo (1850).
- 1853 - Pogrom of Jews.
- 1858 - Population: 70,000 (approximate).[3]
- 1859 - Terre-Sainte College opens.
- 1864 - City becomes capital of Aleppo Vilayet.
- 1868 - Municipal council formed.
- 1873 - Saint Elias Cathedral built.
- 1875 - Pogrom of Jews.
- 1878 - Population: 95,000 (approximate).[2]
- 1885 - Aleppo chamber of commerce founded.
- 1892 - Thanawiyyat al-Ma'mun (school) opens.[13]
- 1899 - Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower built.
20th century
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013) |
- 1901 - Ades Synagogue established.
- 1906 - Hama-Aleppo railway in operation.[14]
- 1909 - Abd al-Wahab al-Inklizi becomes mayor.[15]
- 1910
- 1911 - Baron Hotel in business.
- 1912 - Baghdad Railway in operation.[5]
- 1916 - Aleppo College established.
- 1918 - Ihsan al-Jabiri becomes mayor.[15]
- 1920 - Syria mandated to the French; city becomes capital of State of Aleppo.
- 1922 - Red Hand Society organized (approximate date).[15]
- 1924
- 1925 - Al-Yarmouk Sporting Club formed.
- 1927 - al-Hadith journal begins publication.[18]
- 1931 - National Museum of Aleppo founded.
- 1933 - Grand Serail d'Alep opens.
- 1936 - al-Nazir newspaper begins publication.[19]
- 1945
- National Library of Aleppo and Club d'Alep open.
- 1947 - Pogrom of Jews.
- 1948
- People's Party established.
- Al-Baladi Stadium opens.
- 1949
- Aleppo Public Park created.
- Al-Ittihad Sports Club and Jalaa FC formed.
- 1950
- Population: 362,500.
- al-Nass newspaper begins publication (approximate date).[15]
- 1952 - Hurriya Sporting Club formed.
- 1958 - University of Aleppo established.
- 1963 - Nasserist insurgency.
- 1965
- Population: ca. 500,000 [20]
- Chemins de Fer Syriens headquartered in city.
- 1970 - Our Lady of Assumption church opens.
- 1971 - Statue of Qustaki al-Himsi erected in Liberty Square.
- 1975 - Popular Traditions Museum opens in Beit Achiqbash.
- 1977 - International School of Aleppo established.
- 1979 - Aleppo Artillery School massacre took place by the Islamic Brotherhood.
- 1980 - Siege of Aleppo.
- 1983 - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas seed bank founded.[1][2]
- 1986 - Al-Hamadaniah Stadium opens.
- 1990 - Population: 1,216,000.
- 1994 - Aleppo Citadel Museum opens.
- 1997 - Lycée Français d'Alep established.
21st century
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2013) |
- 2002 - Private University of Science and Arts established.
- 2004 - Population: 2,132,100.
- 2006 - City designated an Islamic Capital of Culture.[21]
- 2007 - Aleppo International Stadium opens.
- 2008 - Sabah Fakhri Institute of music opened.[22]
- 2012
- 10 February: Bombings.[23]
- 18 March: Bombing.
- 4 May: Protest and crackdown.[23]
- 19 July: Battle of Aleppo begins.
- 9 September: Bombing near the 7 April Stadium.
- 3 October: Bombing in Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square.
- 2013
- 15 January: Aleppo University bombings.
- 19 March: Chemical weapon attack by militants.
See also
- History of Aleppo
- Ancient City of Aleppo
- List of churches in Aleppo
- List of mosques in Aleppo
- List of rulers of Aleppo
- Other cities in Syria
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Aleppo", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e "Aleppo", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Andre Raymond (1984). "The Population of Aleppo in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries according to Ottoman Census Documents". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 16. JSTOR 163151.
- ^ a b c d e C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Aleppo". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 6. ISBN 9004153888.
- ^ "Aleppo". Blackwood's Magazine. 200. 1916.
- ^ Abdul-Karim Rafeq (2008). "Economic Organization of Cities in Ottoman Syria". In Peter Sluglett (ed.). Urban Social History of the Middle East, 1750-1950. NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815631941.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ History of Dates, J.M. Dent, London, 1954
- ^ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
- ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Aleppo", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Aleppo", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Keith David Watenpaugh (2006), Being modern in the Middle East, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691121697, 0691121699
- ^ Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette.
- ^ a b c d Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401
- ^ Keith David Watenpaugh (2012), "Being middle class and being Arab: sectarian dilemmas and middle-class modernity in the Arab Middle East, 1908-1936", in A. Ricardo López (ed.), The making of the middle class, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822351177
- ^ Arnold H. Green (1988). "The History of Libraries in the Arab World: A Diffusionist Model". Libraries & Culture. 23: 454–473. JSTOR 25542092.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Taylor & Francis. 1998. ISBN 9780415185714.
- ^ Keith D. Watenpaugh (2003). "Middle-Class Modernity and the Persistence of the Politics of Notables in Inter-War Syria". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 35. JSTOR 3879620.
- ^ Der Volks-Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1965
- ^ "Capitals of Islamic Culture". Morocco: Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ Karin van Nieuwkerk (2011), Muslim rap, halal soaps, and revolutionary theater: artistic developments in the Muslim world, Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press, ISBN 9780292726819
- ^ a b Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
Further reading
 | The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2013) |
- Published in the 18th-19th century
- Alexander Russell (1756), "Description of the City of Aleppo", The Natural History of Aleppo, and Parts Adjacent, London: Printed for A. Millar, OCLC 13595445
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - H. A. S. Dearborn (1819), "Aleppo", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Henry Teonge (1825), "('Description of this cytty of Aleppo'...)", The Diary of Henry Teonge, chaplain on board His Majesty's ships Assistance, Bristol, and Royal Oak, anno 1675 to 1679, London: Charles Knight
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Josiah Conder (1834), "Aleppo", Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern, London: T. Tegg
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John MacGregor (1844). "Trade of Aleppo". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Aleppo". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria (3rd ed.), Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1898
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- Published in the 20th century
- "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Hector William Dinning (1920), "Aleppo", Nile to Aleppo, London: G. Allen & Unwin
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Yasser Tabbaa. "Circles of Power: Palace, Citadel, and City in Ayyubid Aleppo." Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 181-200.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Aleppo, Syria". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.
- Published in the 21st century
- David Dean Commins (2004). "Aleppo". Historical Dictionary of Syria. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4934-1.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Aleppo". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Aleppo". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Aleppo.
- Michel Ecochard. "Aleppo Album". Regional Surveys. ArchNet. 1930s-1940s
- ArchNet. "Aleppo". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Europeana. Items related to Aleppo
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Aleppo
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