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In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then {{em|itaku}} (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks; [[Kanto Auto Works]] passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto Body [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]]s and special vehicles.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=25}} In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, the [[Toyota Stout|Stout]], the [[Toyota ToyoAce|ToyoAce]]), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, the [[Toyota Dyna|Dyna]]) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=25}}
In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then {{em|itaku}} (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks; [[Kanto Auto Works]] passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto Body [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]]s and special vehicles.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=25}} In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, the [[Toyota Stout|Stout]], the [[Toyota ToyoAce|ToyoAce]]), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, the [[Toyota Dyna|Dyna]]) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=25}}


In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,{{sfn|Jacobs|2015|p=108}} which produced the first Japanese [[hard top|hard-top]] car during the 1960s,<ref name=Rep/> the [[Toyota Corona|Corona Hard-top]].<ref name=Rep/> The company also became the first {{em|itaku}} in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=28}} In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the [[Toyota HiAce|HiAce]], the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units {{as of|April 2017|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sankeibiz.jp/business/amp/170412/bsa1704120500002-a.htm |title=トヨタ車体が生産３０００万台達成 |trans-title=Toyota Auto Body achieved production of 30 million units |language=Japanese |publisher=Sankei |date=12 April 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2018}}</ref> In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000 [[commercial vehicles]] (trucks and buses),{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=28}} although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=20}}
In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,{{sfn|Jacobs|2015|p=108}} which produced the first Japanese [[hard top|hard-top]] car during the 1960s,<ref name=Rep/> the [[Toyota Corona|Corona Hard-top]].<ref name=Rep/> The company also became the first {{em|itaku}} in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=28}} In the late 1960s, Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with a {{em|one-box}} design, similar to European ones at the time, but, according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara, something unseen in the Japanese industry by that time.{{sfn|Kawahara|2012|pp=48–49}} In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the van, named as [[Toyota HiAce|HiAce]]. It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units {{as of|April 2017|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sankeibiz.jp/business/amp/170412/bsa1704120500002-a.htm |title=トヨタ車体が生産３０００万台達成 |trans-title=Toyota Auto Body achieved production of 30 million units |language=Japanese |publisher=Sankei |date=12 April 2017 |accessdate=20 December 2018}}</ref> Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producing {{em|one-box}} design vans.{{sfn|Kawahara|2012|p=50}} In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000 [[commercial vehicles]] (trucks and buses),{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=28}} although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.{{sfn|Shioji|1995|p=20}}


In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using [[quality function deployment]] (QFD), paralleling the initial developments from [[Yoji Akao]] at [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced [[Ford]] into adopting it.{{sfn|ReVelle|Moran|Cox|1998|pp=3–5}}
In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using [[quality function deployment]] (QFD), paralleling the initial developments from [[Yoji Akao]] at [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced [[Ford]] into adopting it.{{sfn|ReVelle|Moran|Cox|1998|pp=3–5}}
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===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Jacobs |first=A.J. |title=The New Domestic Automakers in the United States and Canada: History, Impacts, and Prospects |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2015 |isbn=9780739188262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&dq=Araco+Land+Cruiser&hl=en-419&na=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQr66Pwq_fAhXIWpAKHcpLBfEQ6AEIOTAG#v=onepage&q=Araco&f=false}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Jacobs |first=A.J. |title=The New Domestic Automakers in the United States and Canada: History, Impacts, and Prospects |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-739-18826-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&dq=Araco+Land+Cruiser&hl=en-419&na=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQr66Pwq_fAhXIWpAKHcpLBfEQ6AEIOTAG#v=onepage&q=Araco&f=false}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last1=ReVelle |first1=Jake B. |last2=Moran |first2=John W. |last3=Cox |first3=Charles A. |title=The QFD Handbook |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=1998 |isbn=9780471173816 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ngbWPXF118C&pg=PA4&dq=%22Toyota+Auto+Body%22&hl=en&na=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2juiOvbTfAhWFxpAKHf-rAMMQ6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=%22Toyota%20Auto%20Body%22&f=false}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Kawahara |first=Akira |title=The Origin of Competitive Strength: Fifty Years of the Auto Industry in Japan and the U.S. |publisher=Springer |year=2012 |isbn=978-4-431-68419-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_PnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=toyota+auto+body+van&source=bl&ots=Y3cv2OsajD&sig=ACfU3U2HheLnjHSHs8U2EcO_SMSeNeA8ow&hl=en&na=X&ved=2ahUKEwjetJn9ob_mAhX0E7kGHXpaBeAQ6AEwEnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=toyota%20auto%20body%20van&f=false}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last1=ReVelle |first1=Jake B. |last2=Moran |first2=John W. |last3=Cox |first3=Charles A. |title=The QFD Handbook |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-471-17381-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ngbWPXF118C&pg=PA4&dq=%22Toyota+Auto+Body%22&hl=en&na=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2juiOvbTfAhWFxpAKHf-rAMMQ6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=%22Toyota%20Auto%20Body%22&f=false}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv |year=1995 |last=Shioji |first=Hiromi |title='Itaku' Automotive Production: An Aspect of the Development of Full-Line and Wide-Selection Production by Toyota in the 1960s |volume=65 |issue=1 |journal=Kyoto University Economic Review |publisher=Kyoto University |jstor=43217480 |issn=0023-6055}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv |year=1995 |last=Shioji |first=Hiromi |title='Itaku' Automotive Production: An Aspect of the Development of Full-Line and Wide-Selection Production by Toyota in the 1960s |volume=65 |issue=1 |journal=Kyoto University Economic Review |publisher=Kyoto University |jstor=43217480 |issn=0023-6055}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Tabb |first=William K. |title=The Postwar Japanese System: Cultural Economy and Economic Transformation |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |isbn=9780195358292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GLSayfa31sQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Araco&f=false}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Tabb |first=William K. |title=The Postwar Japanese System: Cultural Economy and Economic Transformation |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-195-35829-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GLSayfa31sQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Araco&f=false}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv |url=http://wwwbiz.meijo-u.ac.jp/SEBM/ronso/no15_s/10_TANAKA.pdf |year=2015 |last=Tanaka |first=Takenori |title=トヨタ車体研究所における開発の取り組み　－九州での「開発の現地化」に関する一考察－ |trans-title=Development efforts at Toyota Auto Body Institute. A study on 'development localisation' in Kyushu |language=Japanese |volume=15 |journal=The Meijo Review |publisher=Society of Economics and Business Management, Meijo University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220224514/http://wwwbiz.meijo-u.ac.jp/SEBM/ronso/no15_s/10_TANAKA.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2018 |url-status=live |issn=1345-7993}}
* {{cite journal |ref=harv |url=http://wwwbiz.meijo-u.ac.jp/SEBM/ronso/no15_s/10_TANAKA.pdf |year=2015 |last=Tanaka |first=Takenori |title=トヨタ車体研究所における開発の取り組み　－九州での「開発の現地化」に関する一考察－ |trans-title=Development efforts at Toyota Auto Body Institute. A study on 'development localisation' in Kyushu |language=Japanese |volume=15 |journal=The Meijo Review |publisher=Society of Economics and Business Management, Meijo University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220224514/http://wwwbiz.meijo-u.ac.jp/SEBM/ronso/no15_s/10_TANAKA.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2018 |url-status=live |issn=1345-7993}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last1=Wohlfarth |first1=Alexander |last2=Namba |first2=Takeshi |title=トヨタ ランドクルーザー 絶大な信頼性を誇る4輪駆動車 |trans-title=Toyota Land Cruiser. Highly reliable four-wheel drive vehicle |publisher=Miki Press |language=Japanese |year=2016 |isbn=978-4-89522-653-0 |url=http://www.mikipress.com/books/pdf/653.pdf}}
* {{cite book |ref=harv |last1=Wohlfarth |first1=Alexander |last2=Namba |first2=Takeshi |title=トヨタ ランドクルーザー 絶大な信頼性を誇る4輪駆動車 |trans-title=Toyota Land Cruiser. Highly reliable four-wheel drive vehicle |publisher=Miki Press |language=Japanese |year=2016 |isbn=978-4-89522-653-0 |url=http://www.mikipress.com/books/pdf/653.pdf}}

Revision as of 02:03, 19 December 2019

Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.
Toyota Auto Body
Native name
トヨタ車体株式会社
Toyota Shatai Kabushiki-gaisha
FormerlyToyota Auto Body Industries Co., Ltd.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
PredecessorToyota's Kariya Plant auto body division
Founded31 August 1945
Headquarters
Kariya, Aichi
,
Japan
Key people
Keiji Masui (President)
ProductsCars, auto parts
Production output
About 588,000 vehicles[1] (2018)
RevenueIncrease ¥1,746.43 billion[note 1][2] (FY2018)
Decrease ¥6.89 billion[2] (FY2018)
Decrease ¥9.05 billion[2] (FY2018)
Total assetsIncrease ¥523.35 billion[2] (FY2018)
Total equitySteady ¥237.92 billion[2] (FY2018)
Number of employees
17,883[3] (March 2018, consolidated)
ParentToyota Motor Corporation
Subsidiaries
  • Gifu Auto Body Co., Ltd.
  • Toyota Auto Body Research and Development Co., Ltd.
  • Toyota Body Seiko Co., Ltd.
Websitewww.toyota-body.co.jp

Toyota Auto Body is a manufacturing subsidiary of the Toyota group based in Japan. It is headquartered in Kariya, Aichi and was established in 1945. The company has plants in the Mie and Aichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad. It developes and produces a range of minivans, SUVs and light commercial vehicles.

History

Headquarters in Kariya, Japan

Toyota Auto Body was established on 31 August 1945 as a corporate spin-off of Toyota Industries' Kariya plant[4][5] with the name Toyota Auto Body Industries (トヨタ車体工業, Toyota Shatai Kōgyō).[5][6] At first, it produced auto bodies for Toyota. In 1951, the company became the first Japanese manufacturer in producing a truck body made completely of steel.[4] In 1953, the company adopted its present name.[6][7] In January 1957, it opened an assembly facility in Kariya for mass-producing trucks.[8]

In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then itaku (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks; Kanto Auto Works passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto Body Land Cruisers and special vehicles.[9] In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, the Dyna) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.[9]

In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,[10] which produced the first Japanese hard-top car during the 1960s,[4] the Corona Hard-top.[4] The company also became the first itaku in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.[11] In the late 1960s, Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with a one-box design, similar to European ones at the time, but, according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara, something unseen in the Japanese industry by that time.[12] In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the van, named as HiAce. It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units as of April 2017.[13] Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producing one-box design vans.[14] In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000 commercial vehicles (trucks and buses),[11] although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.[15]

In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using quality function deployment (QFD), paralleling the initial developments from Yoji Akao at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced Ford into adopting it.[16]

In 1992, the company established Toyota Body Seiko, an auto parts subsidiary.[17] In 1993, Toyota Auto Body opened the Inabe plant.[18] In 2004, the company incorporated the auto body and vehicle production businesses from Araco.[6] In 2007, Gifu Auto Body (岐阜車体, Gifu Shatai), an auto parts and HiAce producer, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body.[19]

Toyota Auto Body was a public company until late 2011, when Toyota made it a wholly owned subsidiary and delisted its shares.[20][21]

In November 2018, Toyota announced it would transfer all van development to Toyota Auto Body.[22]

Facilities

Fujimatsu plant

Toyota Auto Body plants are Fujimatsu (Kariya, Aichi), Inabe (Inabe, Mie), Yoshiwara (Toyota, Aichi), Kariya (Kariya, Aichi). There is a development centre in Toyota, Aichi (Kotobuki New Development Centre). The head offices are in Kariya, Aichi. Additional offices are located in Tokyo and Osaka.[23]

Gifu Auto Body headquarters and facilities are in Kakamigahara, Gifu.[24]

Toyota Auto Body Research and Development

Toyota Auto Body Research and Development (トヨタ車体研究所, Toyota Shatai Kenkyūjo) is Toyota Auto Body wholly owned research and development subsidiary. It is headquartered in Kirishima, Kagoshima and was established in 1990.[6]

Overseas subsidiaries

Toyota Auto Body has subsidiaries in Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the United States.[25]

Products

As of 2018 vehicles assembled by Toyota Auto Body include: the Alphard, the Vellfire, the Estima, the Voxy, the Noah, the Esquire, the Land Cruiser, the Lexus LX570, the HiAce, the RegiusAce, the Coaster, the electric vehicle COMS.[26]

Araco

Araco Corporation (アラコ株式会社, Arako Kabushiki-gaisha) was one of the first manufacturing subsidiaries of Toyota. It was established in 1946[6] (incorporated July 1947)[27] at Nagoya by a former Toyota Industries sheet metal worker named Gihee Arakawa as Arakawa Sheet Metal Industries (荒川鈑金工業, Arakawa Bankin Kōgyō).[6] The company firstly made sheet metal work for Toyota, soon adding vehicle interior parts (including seats) and auto bodies.[28] In 1953, it started assembling the Toyota BJ,[29][30] and later the successive Land Cruisers.[28][31] The Arakawa-assembled Land Cruiser was the main export product from Toyota in the late 1950s and early 1960s (28% of all vehicle exports in the period 1956–1964).[27] In 1960, it entered into production the RK160B (Coaster).[29] The company opened two new plants around Toyota City during the 1960s: Kotobuki (1960) and Yoshiwara (1962).[10] It was renamed as Arakawa Auto Body Industries (荒川車体工業, Arakawa Shatai Kōgyō) in 1961, before adopting the Araco name in 1988.[6] In 1995, the company began assembling Lexus vehicles.[29] In 2004, Araco activities were split and the auto body and vehicle production operations became part of Toyota Auto Body. The vehicle interior business was merged into Toyota Boshoku.[8][6]

A different Toyota subsidiary established in 1974 as Kyoei Sangyo (協栄産業, Kyōei Sangyō) was renamed as Kyoei Araco in 2004 and as Araco in 2015. This Araco specialises on seats for Lexus vehicles.[32]

2018 TLC Rally Dakar contender

Sports

An Araco team entered Land Cruisers into the Rally Dakar from 1995 onwards. In 2005, the team was renamed as Team Land Cruiser · Toyota Auto Body (TLC).[33] As of 2019, it achieved six consecutive victories in the diesel production car class.[34]

Toyota Auto Body has two company teams participating in Japanese national sports championships: the volleyball team Toyota Auto Body Queenseis and the handball team Toyota Auto Body Brave Kings.[35]

Notes

  1. ^ The FY2018 (Fiscal Year 2018) in this article is from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019.

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Japanese Production Sites". Toyota Global Newsroom. Toyota. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e "トヨタ車体株式会社 第104期決算公告" [Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. Announcement of financial results for the 104th fiscal year] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 7 November 2019 – via Company Activities Total Research Institute.
  3. ^ "会社概要" [Company profile] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d "トヨタ車体、創立65周年" [Toyota Auto Body, 65th anniversary of foundation] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b Jacobs 2015, p. 104.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Tanaka 2015, p. 66.
  7. ^ Jacobs 2015, p. 115.
  8. ^ a b Jacobs 2015, p. 116.
  9. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 25.
  10. ^ a b Jacobs 2015, p. 108.
  11. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 28.
  12. ^ Kawahara 2012, pp. 48–49.
  13. ^ "トヨタ車体が生産３０００万台達成" [Toyota Auto Body achieved production of 30 million units] (in Japanese). Sankei. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  14. ^ Kawahara 2012, p. 50.
  15. ^ Shioji 1995, p. 20.
  16. ^ ReVelle, Moran & Cox 1998, pp. 3–5.
  17. ^ "Company profile" (in Japanese). Toyota Body Seiko. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  18. ^ "トヨタ車体のいなべ工場が累計生産100万台を達成" [Toyota Auto Body's Inabe Plant reaches a total vehicle production of one million] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  19. ^ "トヨタ車体、岐阜車体を完全子会社化" [Gifu Auto Body becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 24 May 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  20. ^ "Toyota overhauls domestic units to save Japan manufacturing". Live Mint. HT Media. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  21. ^ "Toyota Auto Body to be subsidiary". Japan Times. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  22. ^ "Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. Agree to Transfer Van Business to Toyota Auto Body" (Press release). Toyota. 28 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  23. ^ "Profile". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  24. ^ "Company outline". Gifu Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  25. ^ "Overseas operations". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  26. ^ "Products line-up". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  27. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 26.
  28. ^ a b Tabb 1995, p. 122.
  29. ^ a b c "Brief story". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  30. ^ Stronach, Fraser; Meddows, Benjamin (5 July 2007). "Classic 4X4: Toyota BJ/FJ Land Cruiser". Which Car. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  31. ^ Wohlfarth & Namba 2016, p. 132.
  32. ^ "Outline of the company" (in Japanese). Araco. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  33. ^ "トヨタ・ランドクルーザーが無敵の５連覇達成" [Toyota Land Cruiser achieved unbeatable five]. Web Car Top (in Japanese). Kotsu Times. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  34. ^ Carmudi, Patrick Everett Tadeo (18 January 2019). "Toyota Tops 2019 Dakar Rally; Takes Cars & Truck Categories, Tops Production Division". Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  35. ^ "企業スポーツ活動" [Corporate sports activities] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

Bibliography

External links

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