London River Services

London River Services

File:London River Services logo.svg
Locale	London, UK
Waterway	River Thames
Transit type	Commuter boats, ferries and tourist/leisure services
Owner	Transport for London
Operator	Various boat companies
Began operation	1999
No. of terminals	25 (8 managed by TfL)
Website	http://www.tfl.gov.uk/river

This article is about the governmental body responsible for public transport services on the River Thames. For the organisation responsible for canals in London, see British Waterways.

London River Services is an arm of Transport for London (TfL), which manages passenger transport on the River Thames in London, UK. They do not own or operate any boats but license the services of other operators. The services they regulate are a mixture of leisure-oriented tourist services and commuter services.

The River Thames is generally no more than 300m wide as it runs through central London, and is easily crossed by bridge or tunnel. River boat services in London therefore mostly travel east or west along the Thames rather than across it, and the only major cross-river ferry services are to be found further downstream where the river is wider.

London's river service network is not as extensive as those of Hong Kong or Sydney, but with recent investment in river public transport and the creation of London River Services, water transport in the British capital is experiencing a revival. More than 2,000 commuters a day now travel by riverwhich adds up to three million people per year, a figure that is set to increase with preparations for the 2012 Olympics and tourist traffic during the games.

History

File:Canaletto Westminster Bridge 1746 croped.jpg

Traffic on the Thames in 1746

Before the construction of London's bridges and the Underground, the River Thames had served as a major thoroughfare for centuries. Attempts to regulate the transport of passengers and goods began in 1197, when King Richard I sold the Crown's rights over the Thames to the Corporation of the City of London, which then attempted to license boats on the river. In 1510 Henry VIII granted a licence to watermen that gave exclusive rights to carry passengers on the river., and in 1555 an Act of Parliament set up the Company of Watermen and Lightermen to control traffic on the Thames.

For centuries the only bridge across the Thames was London Bridge. Crossing the river by wherry (small wooden rowing boat) was a common mode of transport.

The 19th Century

As London became industrialised in the 19th century, bridges and railways were constructed and the the river grew less important as a means of transport.

Passenger steamboats were introduced in 1815 and the use of the river as a means of public transport increased greatly. River services ran from Gravesend, Margate and Ramsgate via Greenwich and Woolwich into central London. By the mid-1850s about 15,000 people per day travelled to work on steamboat services – twice the number of passengers on the newly emerging railways. With increased congestion on the river, collisions and other accidents became correspondingly more frequent, most notably with the Princess Alice disaster at Woolwich in 1878.

While the introduction of large steamboats and bridge construction had taken business from the Thames watermen, the growth of the railways took passengers away from the steamboat services and the use of the river for public transport began a steady decline. River service companies struggled financially, and in 1876 the five main boat companies merged to form the London Steamboat Company. The company ran a half-hourly service from Chelsea to Greenwich for eight years until it went bankrupt in 1884.

The 20th Century

In 1905 the London County Council launched its own public river transport service to complement its new tram network, acquiring piers and investing in a large fleet of 30 paddle-steamers (10 of which were supplied by the Glasgow shipbuilders Napier & Miller). Frequent services operated from Hammersmith to Greenwich. The LCC river service was not a success; in the first year it ran up debts of £30,000. It was shut down in 1907 after only two years' service.

Numerous proposals for "river bus" services were considered throughout the Twentieth Century, although few were realised and all were cancelled after a short time in service. In 1940, a temporary wartime river bus service was introduced using commandeered pleasure cruisers to replace train and tram services which were disrupted by the bombing of the Blitz.

With the move of the Port of London downstream in the 1960s, regular river transport was limited to a few sightseeing boats.

Revival of passenger services

In 1997 the then Secretary of State for Transport, John Prescott, launched Thames 2000, a £21-million project to regenerate the River Thames in time for the Millennium Celebrations and boost new passenger transport services on the Thames. The centrepiece of these celebrations was to be the Millennium Dome, but there was also a plan to provide a longer-term legacy of public transport boat services and piers on the river.

River traffic around Waterloo Pier in 2008

The Cross-River Partnership, a consortium of local authorities, private sector organisations and voluntary bodies, recommended the creation of a public body to co-ordinate and promote river services. This agency, provisionally titled the Thames Piers Agency, would integrate boat services into other modes of public transport, take control of Thames piers from the Port of London Authority, and commission the construction of new piers.

The result was the formation in 1999 of London River Services, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Transport for London. The London River Services brand is a sub-brand of TfL which uses the familiar roundel rendered in nautical blue colours.

Ken Livingstone's Transport Strategy for London 2005 states that: The safe use of the Thames for passenger and freight services should be developed. Passenger services will be encouraged, particularly services that relate to its cultural and architectural excellence and tourism. Use of London's other navigable waterways for freight, consistent with their roles for leisure use and as ecosystems, will be encouraged.

Responsibilities

Greenwich Pier with TfL branding

LRS is responsible for integrating river transport with the rest of the public transport network, such as the Tube and buses. It promotes boat services under the London River Services brand, issuing timetables and simplified river maps in the tradition of Harry Beck's iconic Tube map. Tube maps published since 2000 denote river interchange stations with a boat symbol.

LRS is also responsible for directly managing eight piers on the river, and has invested in LRS-branded signage and passenger information.

Follwing its launch the service was criticised for its lack of subsidy for private boat operators. LRS now supports the Thames Clipper commuter service financially and has increased the peak service frequency to a boat every 15 minutes.

Services

The service patterns advertised by TfL can vary according to season. They are divided into three main types:

Commuter services

A commuter boat operated by Thames Clipper on the River Thames

These river services run to a timetable through the day with more frequent services during peak rush hour times. Most services run seven days a week, although some do not operate at weekends. Many operators offer discounted fares to Travelcard holders. Oyster card pay-as-you-go is not valid on any of these services. The main lines of operation are:

• Embankment - Woolwich
• Putney - Chelsea Harbour - Cadogan - Embankment - Blackfriars

The catamaran-hulled vessels have on-board coffee bars, airline-style seating, are wheelchair-accessible and have bicycle racks.

Ferry services

The Woolwich vehicle & passenger ferry

In central London, the River Thames is narrow enough to allow it to be crossed by many bridges; further downstream however, the river widens and there are fewer bridge crossings. Two ferry services are still in operation:

• The Canary Wharf - Rotherhithe Ferry (also called the Hilton Docklands - Canary Wharf Shuttle) operates between Canary Wharf Pier and Hilton Docklands Nelson Dock Pier at the Hilton Hotel in Rotherhithe. Boats operate roughly every 10 minutes, and can be used both by guests of the hotel as well as by passengers not staying at the hotel.
• The Woolwich Ferry is a free ferry service for vehicles and foot passengers, operated by the London Borough of Greenwich. It connects Woolwich and North Woolwich, and is close to King George V DLR station. For vehicles, the service links the London ring roads, the North and South Circular roads, at their eastern ends.

Two other ferry services operate upstream in west London: Hammerton's Ferry and the Hampton Ferry. These services are independent of London River Services as they do not serve LRS-managed piers.

Leisure services

A tourist boat operated by Bateaux London Catamaran Cruisers on the River Thames

Leisure boats are aimed mainly at the tourist market; as they do not usually provide rush hour services, they are not normally suitable for commuting. Some boat companies run regular scheduled services, others may run twice daily, only on certain days of the week, or only during certain months of the year. Boats may also be chartered for private hire. Destinations are often tourist attractions such as the Tate Galleries or Hampton Court Palace. During the summer, the Scottish paddle-steamer PS Waverley operates tourist services on the Thames.

• Bankside - Waterloo - Millbank (Tate to Tate)
• London Eye River Cruise
• Multilingual Circular Cruise
• Greenwich Sunday Evening Sightseeing Cruise
• MV Balmoral and Paddle Steamer Waverley Cruises from Tower Pier
• Richmond - Kingston - Hampton Court
• Tilbury/Gravesend - Greenwich
• Westminster - Kew - Richmond - Hampton Court
• Westminster - St Katharine's Hop-on, Hop-off circular service
• Westminster - Waterloo - Tower - Greenwich
• Westminster - Greenwich - Barrier Gardens

Operators

Scheduled tourist and commuter services on the river are operated by a number of private companies, including:

Operator	Services	External link
London Eye River Cruise (operated by Thames Clipper)	tourist service	[1]
Bateaux London	tourist	[2]
Crown River Cruises	tourist	[3]
Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company	tourist	[4]
London Borough of Greenwich	Woolwich Ferry	[5]
Thames Clipper	commuter and tourist	[6]
Thames Executive Charters	commuter	[7]
Thames River Services	tourist	[8]
Turks Launches	tourist	[9]
Westminster Passenger Services Association	tourist	[10]
Waverley Excursions	tourist	[11]

Charter services, usually catering for large parties, are also available from these and other operators.

Piers

An outline of the main piers in central London

London River Services lists 24 piers on the River Thames in its publications, of which 8 are managed directly by LRS.

Millennium Piers

Millbank Millennium Pier - architect: Steve Chilton

In 2000, five new piers were opened with funding from the Millennium Commission under its Thames 2000 project, with a grant of £7,177,000:

• Tower Millennium Pier
• Blackfriars Millennium Pier
• Waterloo Millennium Pier
• Westminster Millennium Pier
• Millbank Millennium Pier

The new piers were provided to improve previously neglected travel connections on the Thames and promote the river as an alternative means of public transport.

List of piers

Scheduled tourist and commuter services use the following piers, although no single service serves all the piers listed. The piers are listed in order going downstream:

#	Pier	Services	Nearest tube/train	Destinations	Notes
1	Hampton Court Pier		Hampton Court	Hampton Court Palace
2	Kingston (Town End Pier)			Kingston upon Thames
3	Kingston (Turks Pier)			Kingston upon Thames
4	Richmond Landing Stage		Richmond	Richmond upon Thames Ham House, London	Hammerton's Ferry
5	Richmond (St. Helena Pier)			Richmond upon Thames
6	Kew Gardens Pier		Kew Gardens Kew Bridge	Kew Gardens Kew Bridge Steam Museum
7	Putney Pier	[12]	Putney Bridge Putney	Fulham Putney
8	Wandsworth Riverside Quarter Pier	[13]	Wandsworth Town	Wandsworth
9	Chelsea Harbour Pier	[14]	Imperial Wharf (proposed)	Chelsea
10	Cadogan Pier	[15]		Chelsea
11	Millbank Millennium Pier	[16]	Pimlico	Tate Britain art gallery	Managed by TfL
12	Westminster Millennium Pier	[17]	Westminster	Palace of Westminster Westminster Abbey	Managed by TfL
13	Waterloo Millennium Pier	[18]	Waterloo	London Eye South Bank arts precinct	Managed by London Eye
14	Embankment Pier	[19]	Embankment Charing Cross	London Eye South Bank arts precinct Trafalgar Square	Managed by TfL
15	Festival Pier	[20]	Embankment Waterloo	London Eye South Bank arts precinct	Managed by TfL
16	Savoy Pier	[21]	Embankment Charing Cross	Savoy Hotel Covent Garden
17	Blackfriars Millennium Pier	[22]	Blackfriars	St Paul's Cathedral Tate Modern art gallery	Managed by TfL
18	Bankside Pier	[23]	Blackfriars	Globe Theatre Tate Modern art gallery	Managed by TfL
19	London Bridge City Pier	[24]	London Bridge	HMS Belfast London Dungeon Southwark Cathedral
20	Tower Millennium Pier	[25]	Tower Hill	Tower of London Tower Bridge	Managed by TfL
21	St. Katharine Pier	[26]	Tower Hill	St Katherine's Dock Tower of London Tower Bridge
22	Hilton Docklands Nelson Dock Pier	[27]	-	Rotherhithe	Canary Wharf - Rotherhithe Ferry only
23	Canary Wharf Pier	[28]	Canary Wharf (DLR) Canary Wharf	Canary Wharf financial district
24	Greenland Dock Pier	[29]	Surrey Quays	Greenland Dock
25	Masthouse Terrace Pier	[30]	Island Gardens	Isle of Dogs
26	Greenwich Pier	[31]	Cutty Sark Greenwich	Greenwich Cutty Sark National Maritime Museum	Managed by TfL
27	QEII Pier		North Greenwich	Millennium Dome
28	Barrier Gardens Pier		-	Thames Barrier
29	Woolwich Pier		Woolwich Dockyard Woolwich Arsenal (both 600m approx)	Woolwich South Circular	Woolwich Ferry only
30	North Woolwich Pier		King George V	Woolwich North Circular London City Airport	Woolwich Ferry only
31	Woolwich Arsenal Pier		Woolwich Arsenal (600m approx)	Woolwich

Fares

Different ticket kiosks for each boat operator

Unlike the underground and bus networks, boat operators have their own separate ticketing arrangements and charge separate fares which are generally higher than corresponding journeys by tube or bus. Travelcards and Oystercards are not valid, although most boat operators offer discounts to card holders, as well as to freedom pass holders and students. The only exception is the Woolwich Ferry, which is free of charge.

Ticket sales at piers are managed independently by the operators, and tickets are sold at separate kiosks with no facility for cross-ticketing. Many piers have a line of several sales desks, each owned by a different boat firm. Single tickets can often be bought on board the boat, but this is down to individual operator arrangements.

Some operators offer their own season tickets and carnets of single tickets. Thames Clipper, for example, offer a one-day Roamer ticket which allows multiple journeys within off-peak hours; Roamer tickets cease to be valid at 5:00pm on weekdays, however.

External links

• London River Services Website
• Collection of Google Earth locations of London River Services Piers (Requires Google Earth) from the Google Earth Community forum.