1928 Tour de France: Difference between revisions
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In stage 9, the first mountain stage, Frantz did not crush the competition as he had done on previous year. Instead, [[Victor Fontan]], who was more than one and a half hour behind in the general classification,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourdefrancehistorie.nl/tekst/1928/1928_8.txt|title=8e etappe: Bordeaux - Hendaye 225 km - 24-06-1928 |
In stage 9, the first mountain stage, Frantz did not crush the competition as he had done on previous year. Instead, [[Victor Fontan]], who was more than one and a half hour behind in the general classification,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourdefrancehistorie.nl/tekst/1928/1928_8.txt|title=8e etappe: Bordeaux - Hendaye 225 km - 24-06-1928 |
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|accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> was allowed to escape and win the stage.<ref name="Gann"/> Frantz still finished second, seven minutes behind, and extended his lead on his direct competitors, and was now leading by more than 40 minutes.<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
|accessdate=25 September 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5k6ZW8IfK|archivedate=2009-09-27|deadurl=no}}</ref> was allowed to escape and win the stage.<ref name="Gann"/> Frantz still finished second, seven minutes behind, and extended his lead on his direct competitors, and was now leading by more than 40 minutes.<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
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In the tenth stage, the Alcyon team-mates Leducq, Frantz and De Waele finished first, and they now had the first three places in the general classification.<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
In the tenth stage, the Alcyon team-mates Leducq, Frantz and De Waele finished first, and they now had the first three places in the general classification.<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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===Stage winners=== |
===Stage winners=== |
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Nicolas Frantz wore the yellow jersey from the start of the race to the end of the race. Since the introduction of the yellow jersey in 1919, this has only happend in [[1924 Tour de France|1924]], 1928 and [[1935 Tour de France|1935]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_06.pdf|title=Tour de France Guide Historique|author=[[Jacques Augendre]]|publisher=[[Amaury Sport Organisation]]|year=2009 |format=PDF |accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref> As the winner of the previous year, Frantz also wore the yellow jersey during the first stage; he is the only cyclist to wear the yellow jersey during an entire Tour de France.<ref name="revealed">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1928.htm|author=Barry Boyce|year=2004|accessdate=25 September 2009|title=Frantz! Start to Finish|publisher=Cycling revealed}}</ref> |
Nicolas Frantz wore the yellow jersey from the start of the race to the end of the race. Since the introduction of the yellow jersey in 1919, this has only happend in [[1924 Tour de France|1924]], 1928 and [[1935 Tour de France|1935]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_06.pdf|title=Tour de France Guide Historique|author=[[Jacques Augendre]]|publisher=[[Amaury Sport Organisation]]|year=2009 |format=PDF |accessdate=25 September 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5k6ZWc0gB|archivedate=2009-09-27|deadurl=no}}</ref> As the winner of the previous year, Frantz also wore the yellow jersey during the first stage; he is the only cyclist to wear the yellow jersey during an entire Tour de France.<ref name="revealed">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1928.htm|author=Barry Boyce|year=2004|accessdate=25 September 2009|title=Frantz! Start to Finish|publisher=Cycling revealed}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Stage results<ref name="mdc1928">{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1928.php|publisher=Memoire du cyclisme|title=22ème Tour de France 1928|language=French|accessdate=24 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="topten">{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1928|title=Tour de France GC Top Ten|author=Arian Zwegers|publisher=CVCC|accessdate=24 September 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5k5F2w7Ot|archivedate=2009-09-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
|+Stage results<ref name="mdc1928">{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1928.php|publisher=Memoire du cyclisme|title=22ème Tour de France 1928|language=French|accessdate=24 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="topten">{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1928|title=Tour de France GC Top Ten|author=Arian Zwegers|publisher=CVCC|accessdate=24 September 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5k5F2w7Ot|archivedate=2009-09-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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===Overall standings=== |
===Overall standings=== |
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[[File:Geen hulp voor Giusto Cerutti - No help for Giusto Cerutti.jpg|thumb|right|Italian [[Giusto Cerutti]] has a broken wheel after a fall. According to the rules he is not alowed to accept help.]] |
[[File:Geen hulp voor Giusto Cerutti - No help for Giusto Cerutti.jpg|thumb|right|Italian [[Giusto Cerutti]] has a broken wheel after a fall. According to the rules he is not alowed to accept help.]] |
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The Alcyon team had all the podium positions. Since 1928, it has never happened again that one team had all the podium positions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2009/07/15/drie-wielrenners-van-een-ploeg-op-het-tourpodium.aspx|title=Drie wielrenners van één ploeg op het tourpodium|language=Dutch|date=15 July 2009|accessdate=25 September 2009|author=Ronnie van den Bogaart|publisher=Sportgeschiedenis}}</ref> |
The Alcyon team had all the podium positions. Since 1928, it has never happened again that one team had all the podium positions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2009/07/15/drie-wielrenners-van-een-ploeg-op-het-tourpodium.aspx|title=Drie wielrenners van één ploeg op het tourpodium|language=Dutch|date=15 July 2009|accessdate=25 September 2009|author=Ronnie van den Bogaart|publisher=Sportgeschiedenis|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5k6ZX2gSh|archivedate=2009-09-27|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:38em" |
{| class="wikitable" style="width:38em" |
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|+ Final general standings (1–10)<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
|+ Final general standings (1–10)<ref name="mdc1928"/> |
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Revision as of 17:33, 27 September 2009
| Race details | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 17 June–15 July 1928 | |||||||||
| Stages | 22 | |||||||||
| Distance | 5,476 km (3,403 mi) | |||||||||
| Winning time | 198h 16' 42" | |||||||||
| Results | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
The 1928 Tour de France was the 22nd Tour de France, taking place June 17 to July 15, 1928. It consisted of 22 stages over 5,476 km, ridden at an average speed of 28.4 km/h. Altogether, 162 cyclists started the race, at that time a new record.[1]
The second win by Nicolas Frantz, he held the yellow jersey from beginning to end despite an obstacle in three days before the end of the tour. Frantz had a mechanical failure between Metz and Charleville and had to finish 100 km of race on an undersized women's bicycle resulting in a loss of 28 minutes. Regardless, Frantz won the tour, showing the superiority of his team, Alcyon, which gained the team trophy,[2] and also had second best man André Leducq.
The 22nd tour featured the first appearance of an Australian cyclist, Hubert Opperman, indicating the beginning of a more international sporting field.
Tour director Henri Desgrange allowed teams to replace exhausted or injured cyclist by new cyclists, to give the weaker teams a fairer chance. However, the effects were opposite, so the concept was quickly abandoned.
Changes from 1927
In the 1927 Tour de France, the team time trial format had been introduced, where teams started 15 minutes separated. This was done to make the flat stages more competitive. Although in 1927 this had not been successful, the formula was repeated in 1928; this time the teams started 10 minutes from each other.[1]
The team time trial format had been an advantage to the strong teams; therefore the tour organisation invented a new rule, aimed to help the weak teams: the teams were allowed to replace cyclists in the beginning of stage 12, halfway the race.[2] They were not eligible for the general classification.
Another new rule thing were the regional teams. The riders were separated in three groups: there were 8 trade teams, 9 regional teams of five riders and the touriste-routiers, without teams.[3]
In other years, the mountain stages, especially in the Pyrénées, had decided the race. To reduce the importance of these stages, the Tour organisation had changed the route of the first mountain stage, that had been the same since 1913. Two mountains, the Aspin and the Peyresourde, were left out of the stage.[1]
The tour also saw the introduction of the Australian/New Zealand team, sponsored by Ravat. It was headed by Hubert Opperman, who had been the Australian cycling champion for a few years. After the Melbourne Herald had a campaign to send Opperman to the Tour de France, a team was made. The plan was to add six experienced European cyclists to the team, but this did not happen.[4] Opperman rode some races in Europe and could compete with the European top cyclists, but the rest of his team could not. Because a major part of the race was in the team time trial format, Opperman had no chance to win the Tour.[1]
Race details
In the first team-time-trial like stages, the Alcyon team emerged the best. The individual Touriste-routiers could not compete to the professional teams. The Alcyon team finished first in five of the eight stages. Nicolas Frantz, the winner of the previous tour, crossed the finish line first in the first stage, and was leading the classification, and kept the lead during these stages.[1] After the first eight stages, Frantz was leading the race, followed by his team mate Maurice De Waele in 99 seconds. Julien Vervaecke, the Belgian from the Armor team, followed in third place, 225 seconds behind.[2]
In stage 9, the first mountain stage, Frantz did not crush the competition as he had done on previous year. Instead, Victor Fontan, who was more than one and a half hour behind in the general classification,[5] was allowed to escape and win the stage.[1] Frantz still finished second, seven minutes behind, and extended his lead on his direct competitors, and was now leading by more than 40 minutes.[2] In the tenth stage, the Alcyon team-mates Leducq, Frantz and De Waele finished first, and they now had the first three places in the general classification.[2]
Next came the alps. Here, Frantz increased his lead. Behind him, De Waele gained time on Leducq, and was now in second place. After the alps, the three Alcyon cyclists still held the first three places in the general classification, with Frantz comfortably leading by more than 75 minutes. In the 19th stage, Frantz bicycle frame broke, when he rode over a railroad track.[1] His sponsor, Alcyon, did not like the bad publicity, and wanted Frantz to go to an Alcyon dealer and get a replacement bike. The team manager from Alcyon was against this idea, because this would cause a major time loss, and maybe even the loss of the Tour de France. According to some sources, they found a bicycle shop that only had one bicycle left, an undersized women's bicycle, and they decided to take it.[6] Other sources say that when they were thinking what to do, Frantz spotted a woman with a bicycle, and persuaded her to give him her bike. Frantz rode the last 100 km on this undersized women's bicycle, and did this with 27 km/h, whereas the winner of the stage had 34 km/h.[1][2] His lead dropped with 30 minutes, but he was still leading the race.
Results
Stage winners
Nicolas Frantz wore the yellow jersey from the start of the race to the end of the race. Since the introduction of the yellow jersey in 1919, this has only happend in 1924, 1928 and 1935.[7] As the winner of the previous year, Frantz also wore the yellow jersey during the first stage; he is the only cyclist to wear the yellow jersey during an entire Tour de France.[6]
| Stage | Date | Route | Length[Stages 1] | Winner (team) | Race leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 June | Paris – Caen |  207 km (129 mi) |
 Nicolas Frantz (LUX) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 2 | 18 June | Caen – Cherbourg | 140 km (87 mi) |
 André Leducq (FRA) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 3 | 20 June | Cherbourg – Dinan | 199 km (124 mi) |
 Gaston Rebry (BEL) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 4 | 21 June | Dinan – Brest | 206 km (128 mi) |
Pé Verhaegen (BEL) (J.B. Louvet) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 5 | 22 June | Brest – Vannes | 208 km (129 mi) |
Marcel Bidot (FRA) (Alleluia–Wolber) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 6 | 24 June | Vannes – Les Sables d'Olonne | 204 km (127 mi) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 7 | 25 June | Les Sables d'Olonne – Bordeaux | 285 km (177 mi) |
Victor Fontan (FRA) (Elvish–Wolber) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 8 | 26 June | Bordeaux – Hendaye | 225 km (140 mi) |
Maurice Dewaele (BEL) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 9 | 28 June | Hendaye – Luchon |  387 km (240 mi) |
Victor Fontan (FRA) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 10 | 29 June | Luchon – Perpignan | 323 km (201 mi) |
André Leducq (FRA) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 11 | 1 July | Perpignan – Marseille |  363 km (226 mi) |
André Leducq (FRA) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 12 | 2 July | Marseille – Nice |  330 km (210 mi) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 13 | 3 July | Nice – Grenoble | 333 km (207 mi) |
Antonin Magne (FRA) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 14 | 5 July | Grenoble – Evian | 329 km (204 mi) |
Julien Moineau (FRA) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 15 | 6 July | Evian – Pontarlier | 213 km (132 mi) |
Pierre Magne (FRA) (Alleluia–Wolber) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 16 | 7 July | Pontarlier – Belfort | 119 km (74 mi) |
André Leducq (FRA) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 17 | 8 July | Belfort – Strasbourg | 145 km (90 mi) |
Joseph Mauclair (FRA) (Armor–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 18 | 10 July | Strasbouurg – Metz | 165 km (103 mi) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 19 | 11 July | Metz – Charleville | 159 km (99 mi) |
Marcel Huot (FRA) (Alleluia–Wolber) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 20 | 12 July | Charleville – Malo-les-Bains | 271 km (168 mi) |
Maurice Dewaele (BEL) (Alcyon–Dunlop) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 21 | 14 July | Malo-les-Bains – Dieppe | 234 km (145 mi) |
Antonin Magne (FRA) (Alleluia–Wolber) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
| 22 | 15 July | Dieppe – Paris | 331 km (206 mi) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX) |
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
|
- Notes
- ^ The flat stages, 1 to 8 and 15 to 21, indicated by the clock icon, were run as team time trials. The other stages, indicated by the other icons, were run individually.
Overall standings
The Alcyon team had all the podium positions. Since 1928, it has never happened again that one team had all the podium positions.[9]
| Rank | Rider | Sponsor | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nicolas Frantz (LUX)  |
Alcyon–Dunlop | 192h 48' 58" |
| 2 | André Leducq (FRA) |
Alcyon–Dunlop | +50' 07" |
| 3 | Maurice De Waele (BEL) |
Alcyon–Dunlop | +56' 16" |
| 4 | Jan Mertens (BEL) |
Thomann–Dunlop | +1h 19' 18" |
| 5 | Julien Vervaecke (BEL) |
Armor–Dunlop | +1h 53' 32" |
| 6 | Antonin Magne (FRA) |
Alleluia–Wolber | +2h 14' 02" |
| 7 | Victor Fontan (FRA) |
Elvish–Wolber | +5h 07' 47" |
| 8 | Marcel Bidot (FRA) |
Alleluia–Wolber | +5h 18' 28" |
| 9 | Marcel Huot (FRA) |
Alleluia–Wolber | +5h 37' 33" |
| 10 | Pierre Magne (FRA) |
Alleluia–Wolber | +5h 41' 20" |
Other classifications
The organing newspaper, l'Auto named a meilleur grimpeur (best climber), an unofficial precursor to the modern King of the Mountains competition. This award was won by Victor Fontan.[10]
There was also a team competition. The team competition for teams was won by Alcyon, the Champagne-regional team won the team competition for regional teams.[2]
Aftermath
The team time trial method had not given the desired result; in the 1929 Tour de France it was only used if the previous stage had been too slow, and after 1929 it disappeared. The rule with replaced cyclists did not even make it until the next year.
Some riders had been grouped in regional teams; this was considered successful; in 1930 the system would change to the national team system, where riders were grouped in national or regional teams.
External links
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h McGann, Bill (2006). The Story of the Tour De France Volume 1:1903-1964. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 87–91. ISBN 1598581805. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "22ème Tour de France 1928" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
- ^ Tom James (15 August 2003). "1928: Frantz on a woman's bike". Veloarchive. Archived from the original on 2009-09-26. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Kennett, Jonathan (2004). Ride: the story of cycling in New Zealand. Kenneth Brothers. p. 124. ISBN 095834907. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help); Unknown parameter|coauthor=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "8e etappe: Bordeaux - Hendaye 225 km - 24-06-1928". Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Barry Boyce (2004). "Frantz! Start to Finish". Cycling revealed. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
- ^ Jacques Augendre (2009). Tour de France Guide Historique. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Arian Zwegers. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-09-26. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Ronnie van den Bogaart (15 July 2009). "Drie wielrenners van één ploeg op het tourpodium" (in Dutch). Sportgeschiedenis. Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Michiel van Lonkhuyzen. "Tour-giro-vuelta". Archived from the original on 2009-09-26. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
