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France has [[Historical list of ten largest countries by GDP|long been part of the world's wealthiest and most developed]] national economies.
France has [[Historical list of ten largest countries by GDP|long been part of the world's wealthiest and most developed]] national economies.
* As of 2010, France is the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|world's 5th]]<ref>Sources: 2010 International Monetary Fund's List ([http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&pr.y=12&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,941,914,446,612,666,614,668,311,672,213,946,911,137,193,962,122,674,912,676,313,548,419,556,513,678,316,181,913,682,124,684,339,273,638,921,514,948,218,943,963,686,616,688,223,518,516,728,918,558,748,138,618,196,522,278,622,692,156,694,624,142,626,449,628,564,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,453,960,968,423,922,935,714,128,862,611,716,321,456,243,722,248,942,469,718,253,724,642,576,643,936,939,961,644,813,819,199,172,184,132,524,646,361,648,362,915,364,134,732,652,366,174,734,328,144,258,146,656,463,654,528,336,923,263,738,268,578,532,537,944,742,176,866,534,369,536,744,429,186,433,925,178,746,436,926,136,466,343,112,158,111,439,298,916,927,664,846,826,299,542,582,967,474,443,754,917,698,544&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a= International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.]), 2010 CIA Factbooks ([https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate)], CIA World Factbook) and 2009 World Bank List ({{Cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf |work=The World Bank: World Development Indicators database |title=Gross domestic product (2009) |date=27 September 2010 |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2011-01-01}})</ref> and [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)|Europe's 2nd]]<ref>See sources above</ref> largest national economy by [[nominal GDP]].
* As of 2010, France is the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|world's 5th]]<ref>Sources: 2010 International Monetary Fund's List ([http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&pr.y=12&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,941,914,446,612,666,614,668,311,672,213,946,911,137,193,962,122,674,912,676,313,548,419,556,513,678,316,181,913,682,124,684,339,273,638,921,514,948,218,943,963,686,616,688,223,518,516,728,918,558,748,138,618,196,522,278,622,692,156,694,624,142,626,449,628,564,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,453,960,968,423,922,935,714,128,862,611,716,321,456,243,722,248,942,469,718,253,724,642,576,643,936,939,961,644,813,819,199,172,184,132,524,646,361,648,362,915,364,134,732,652,366,174,734,328,144,258,146,656,463,654,528,336,923,263,738,268,578,532,537,944,742,176,866,534,369,536,744,429,186,433,925,178,746,436,926,136,466,343,112,158,111,439,298,916,927,664,846,826,299,542,582,967,474,443,754,917,698,544&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a= International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.]), 2010 CIA Factbooks ([https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate)], CIA World Factbook) and 2009 World Bank List ({{Cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf |work=The World Bank: World Development Indicators database |title=Gross domestic product (2009) |date=27 September 2010 |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2011-01-01}})</ref> and [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)|Europe's 2nd]]<ref>See sources above</ref> largest national economy by [[nominal GDP]].
* In 2010, [[Credit Suisse]]'s ''Global Wealth Report'' ranks France the [[wealthiest]] [[European country|European]] (and the world's 4th wealthiest<ref>2010 Global ranking in household wealth: USA (1st), Japan (2nd), China (3rd), France (4th), Germany (5th). Sources: 2010 Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report (see below)</ref>) nation<ref>Credit Suisse 2010's Global Wealth Report "In euro and USD terms, the total wealth of French households is very sizeable. Although it has just 1.1% of the world’s adults, France ranks fourth among nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany. Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1%, but France itself contributes a quarter of the European contingent." [http://thewisebuck.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/credit_suisse_global_wealth_report1.pdf]</ref> in aggregate household wealth.
* In 2010, [[Credit Suisse]]'s ''Global Wealth Report'' ranks France the [[wealthiest]] [[European country|European]] (and the world's 4th wealthiest<ref>2010 Global ranking in household wealth: USA (1st), Japan (2nd), China (3rd), France (4th), Germany (5th). Sources: 2010 Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report (see below)</ref>) nation<ref>Credit Suisse 2010's Global Wealth Report "In euro and USD terms, the total wealth of French households is very sizeable. Although it has just 1.1% of the world’s adults, France ranks fourth mong nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany. Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1%, but France itelf contributes a quarter of the European contingent." [http://thewisebuck.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/credit_suisse_global_wealth_report1.pdf]</ref> in aggregate household wealth.
* According to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]], in 2010, France is the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|world's 18th country by GDP per capita]] with $40,591 per inhabitant.
* According to the [[Internatioal Monetary Fund|IMF]], in 2010, France is the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|world's 18th country by GDP per capita]] with $40,591 per inhabitant.
* In 2010, France was listed 14th on the [[UN]] [[Human Development Index]] with 0.872 (very high human development) and 25th on the [[Corruption Perceptions Index]].
* In 2010, France was listed 14th on the [[UN]] [[Human Development Index]] with 0.872 (very high human development) and 25th on the [[Corruption Perceptions Index]].


Revision as of 17:44, 27 July 2011

Economy of French Republic
File:Ladefensepartienord.jpg
La Défense is a major business district in Paris
Currency1 euro (€1) = 100 cent
Calendar year
Trade organisations
EU, WTO and OECD
Statistics
GDP$2.113 trillion
GDP growth
1.6% (2010)
GDP per capita
Nominal : $38,016 (2008)
GDP by sector
agriculture (2.1%), industry (19%), services (78.9%) (2009 est)
1.5% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line
13.2% (2008)[1]
32.7 (2008)
Labour force
28.21 million (2010 est.)
Labour force by occupation
services (71.8%), industry (24.3%), agriculture (3.8%) (2009)
Unemployment9.6% (Feb. 2011) [2]
Average gross salary
3,931 € / 5,307 $, monthly (2006)[3]
1,828 € / 2,468 $, monthly (2006)[3]
Main industries
machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism
External
Exports$508.7 billion (2010 est.)
Export goods
machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages, electronics
Main export partners
Germany 15.88%, Italy 8.16%, Spain 7.8%, Belgium 7.44%, United Kingdom 7.04%, United States 5.65%, Netherlands 3.99% (2009)
Imports$577.7 billion (2010 est.)
Import goods
machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals
Main import partners
Germany 19.41%, Belgium 11.61%, Italy 7.97%, Netherlands 7.15%, Spain 6.68%, United Kingdom 4.9%, United States 4.72%, China 4.44% (2009)
FDI stock
$1.207 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
$4.698 trillion (30 June 2010)
Public finances
83.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
Revenues$1.241 trillion (2009 est.)
Expenses$1.441 trillion (2010 est.)
Economic aiddonor: ODA $10.1 billion (2006) [3]
AAA (Domestic)
AAA (Foreign)
AAA (T&C Assessment)
(Standard & Poor's)[4]
US$191.689 billion (March 2011)[5]
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.


This article addresses the current economic situation of France. For historical information, see Economic history of France.

France is the world's fifth largest and wealthiest economy.[6] It is the second largest economy in Europe (behind its main economic partner Germany).[6] France's economy entered the 2008-2009 recession later and left it earlier than most comparable economies, only enduring four quarters of contraction. As of September 2010, France's economy has been growing continuously since the second quarter of 2009.[7] Between January and March 2011, France's GDP growth has been stronger than expected, at 1%, one of the best figures in Europe.[8]

Ranking

GDP per capita big four Western Europe[9]

France has long been part of the world's wealthiest and most developed national economies.

France's world leading corporations

With 39 of the 500 biggest companies of the world in 2010, France ranks 4th in the Fortune Global 500, behind the USA, Japan and China. Paris is the third most important localisation for the world's 500 biggest companies' headquarters. There are more Fortune Global 500's headquarters in Paris than in New York, London or Munich, but less than in Tokyo and Beijing.[14]

French companies are ranking as leading firms in each and every major strategical economic sectors[15]:

AXA is the world's largest insurance company; Air France is the world's largest airline company in incomes;L'Oreal is the world's biggest cosmetic company; LVMH and PPR are the world's 1st and 2nd largest luxury companies; GDF-Suez is the world's largest energy company; EDF is the world's largest utility company; Areva is the world's nuclear-energy leader; Veolia Environnement is the world's largest environmental services and water management company; VINCI, Bouygues and Eiffage are respectively world's 1st, 2nd and 4th building and public work companies; Michelin is the world's pneumatic leader; Lafarge is the world's largest cement company; JCDecaux is the world's largest outdoor advertising corporation; BNP Paribas, Credit Agricole and Societe Generale are respectively the world's 1st, 6th and 8th biggest banks in assets in 2010;[16] Carrefour is the world's second largest retail group in terms of revenue; EADS is the world's second largest aerospacial company; Total is the world's fourth largest private oil company; Danone is the world's fifth largest food company and the world's largest mineral water provider; Sanofi Aventis is the world's fifth largest pharmaceutical company; Publicis is the world's third largest advertising company; PSA is the world's 6th and Europe's 2nd largest automaker; Renault-Nissan is the world's leading electric car developer among major automakers; Accor is the leading European hotel group; Alstom is one of the world's leading conglomerate in power generation and transports; Pernod Ricard is one of the world's biggest producer of distilled beverages (owning the former Seagram distilleries)...

In 2008, France was the second-largest recipient of foreign direct investment among OECD countries at $117.9 billion, above the United Kingdom ($96.9 billion), Germany ($24.9 billion), or Japan ($24.4 billion).[17][18] In the same year, French companies invested $220 billion outside of France, ranking France as the second most important outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($311.8 billion), and ahead of the United Kingdom ($111.4 billion), Japan ($128 billion) and Germany ($156.5 billion).[17][18]

Rise and decline of dirigisme

France embarked on an ambitious and very successful programme of modernization under state impulse and coordination. This program of dirigisme, mostly implemented by Social Democrats governments between 1958–1981, involved the state control of certain industries such as transportation, energy and telecommunication infrastructures as well as various incentives for private corporations to merge or engage in certain projects.

The 1981 election of president François Mitterrand saw an short-lasting increased governmental control in the economy, nationalising many industries and private banks. This form of increased dirigisme, became heavily criticised as early as 1982. By 1983, the government decided to renounce dirigisme and start the era of rigueur ("rigour") or corporatization. As a result the government largely retreated from economic intervention; dirigisme has now essentially receded, though some of its traits remain. The French economy grew and changed under government direction and planning much more than in other European countries.

Despite being a widely liberalised economy, the government continues to play a significant role in the economy: government spending, at 53% of GDP in 2001, is the highest in the G-7. Labour conditions and wages are highly regulated. The government continues to own shares in corporations in a range of sectors, including banking, energy production and distribution, automobiles, transportation, and telecommunications. These differ from countries like the U.S or U.K where most of these companies had been privatized.

Sectors of the economy

Industry

Leading industrial sectors in France are telecommunications (including communication satellites), aerospace and defense, ship building (naval and specialist ships), pharmaceuticals, construction and civil engineering, chemicals, and automobile production (3.5m units in 2005).

Research and development spending is also high in France at 2.26% of GDP, the fourth highest in the OECD.[19]

Energy

See also: Nuclear power in France

France is the world-leading country in nuclear energy, home of global energy giants Areva, EDF and GDF Suez: nuclear power now accounts for about 78% of the country's electricity production, up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in 1990. Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities. Due to its heavy investment in nuclear power. France is the smallest emitter of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialized countries in the world.[20]

In 2006 of electricity in France amounted to 548.8 TWh, of which:[21]

  • 428.7 TWh (78.1%) were produced by nuclear power generation
  • 60.9 TWh (11.1%) were produced by hydroelectric power generation
  • 52.4 TWh (9.5%) were produced by fossil fuel power generation
  • 6.9 TWh (1.3%) were produced by other types of power generation (essentially waste-to-energy and wind turbines))
    • The electricity produced by wind turbines increased from 0.596 TWh in 2004, to 0.963 TWh in 2005, and 2.15 TWh in 2006, but this still accounts only for 0.4% of the total production of electricity (as of 2006).

In November 2004, EDF (which stands for Electricité de France), the world's largest utility company and France's largest electricity provider, was floated with huge success on the French stock market. Notwistanding, the French State still keep 70% of the capital.

Other electricity providers include CNR (Compagnie nationale du Rhône) and Endesa (through SNET).

Agriculture

Wheat field in Île-de-France region

France is the world's second largest agricultural exporter, world's sixth-largest agricultural producer and European Union's leading agricultural power, accounting for about one-third of all agricultural land within the EU.

Northern France is characterized by large wheat farms. Dairy products, pork, poultry, and apple production are concentrated in the western region. Beef production is located in central France, while the production of fruits, vegetables, and wine ranges from central to southern France. France is a large producer of many agricultural products and is currently expanding its forestry and fishery industries. The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have resulted in reforms in the agricultural sector of the economy.

As the world's second-largest agricultural exporter, France ranks just after the United States.[22] The destination of 70% of its exports are other EU members states. France also provide agricultural exports to many poor African countries (including its former colonies) which face serious food shortage. Wheat, beef, pork, poultry, and dairy products are the principal exports.

The United States faces stiff competition from domestic production, other EU member states, and third world countries. U.S. agricultural exports to France, totalling some $600 million annually, consist primarily of soybeans and products, feeds and fodders, seafood, and consumer oriented products, especially snack foods and nuts. French exports to the United States are much more high value products such as cheese, processed products and wine.

The French agricultural sector received almost €11 billion from EU subsidies. France's competitive advantage is mostly linked to the high quality and global reputation of its products, among which are some of the world's most renowned agricultural productions like wine or cheese. Such world-famous productions goes a long way to create a thriving domestic sector.

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in France
The Palace of Versailles is one of the most popular tourist destinations in France.

France is the world's top tourist destination with more than 81.9 million foreign tourists in 2007,[23] ahead of Spain (58.5 million in 2006) and the United States (51.1 million in 2006). This 81.9 million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours in France, such as northern Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy during the summer.

France features cities of high cultural interest (Paris being the foremost), beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism). France also attracts many religious pilgrims to Lourdes, a town in the Hautes-Pyrénées département, that hosts a few million visitors a year.

Popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking[24] visitors per year): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Louvre Museum (5.7 million), Palace of Versailles (2.8 million), Musée d'Orsay (2.1 million), Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million), Centre Pompidou (1.2 million), Mont-Saint-Michel (1 million), Château de Chambord (711,000), Sainte-Chapelle (683,000), Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (549,000), Puy de Dôme (500,000), Musée Picasso (441,000), Carcassonne (362,000).

Weapons industry

The French arms industry's main customer, for whom they mainly build warships, guns, nuclear weapons and equipment, is the French Government. Record high defense expenditure (currently at €35 billion), which was considerably increased under the government of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, goes largely to the French arms industries. France is also the fourth largest weapons exporter in the world.[25] French manufacturers export great quantities of weaponry to the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Greece, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Singapore and many others.

External trade

French exports in 2006

France is the second-largest trading nation in Europe (after Germany).[26] Its foreign trade balance for goods had been in surplus from 1992 until 2001, reaching $25.4 billion (25.4 G$) in 1998; however, the French balance of trade was hit by the economic downturn, and went into the red in 2000, reaching US$15bn in deficit in 2003. Total trade for 1998 amounted to $730 billion, or 50% of GDP—imports plus exports of goods and services. Trade with European Union countries accounts for 60% of French trade.

In 1998, U.S.-France trade totalled about $47 billion—goods only. According to French trade data, U.S. exports accounted for 8.7%--about $25 billion—of France's total imports. U.S. industrial chemicals, aircraft and engines, electronic components, telecommunications, computer software, computers and peripherals, analytical and scientific instrumentation, medical instruments and supplies, broadcasting equipment, and programming and franchising are particularly attractive to French importers.

The principal French exports to the United States are aircraft and engines, beverages, electrical equipment, chemicals, cosmetics, luxury products and perfume. France is the ninth-largest trading partner of the U.S.

Régions economy

The economic disparity between French regions is not as high as that in other European countries such as the UK, Spain, Italy or Germany. However, Europe's wealthiest and largest regional economy, Ile-de-France (the region surrounding Paris), has long profited from the capital economic hegemony.

The most important régions are Ile-de-France (world's 4th and Europe 1st wealthiest and largest regional economy), Rhône-Alpes (Europe's 5th largest regional economy thanks to its services, high-technologies, chemical industries, wines, tourism), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (services, industry, tourism and wines), Nord-Pas-de-Calais (European transport hub, services, industries) and Pays de la Loire (green technologies, tourism).

Régions like Alsace, which has a rich past in industry (machine tool) and currently stands as a high income service-specialized region, are very wealthy without ranking very high in absolute terms.

The rural areas are mainly in Auvergne, Limousin, and Centre, and wine production accounts for a significant amount of the economy in Aquitaine (Bordeaux region), Bourgogne and champagne are produced in Champagne-Ardennes.

List of French régions ranked by GDP total and per capita.

Rank Region GDP
(in millions euros, 2009)		 GDP per capita
(euros, 2009)		 GDP
(in millions US Dollars, 2009)		 GDP per capita
(US Dollars, 2009)
1 Île-de-France 552,052 46,984 769,705 65,508
2 Rhône-Alpes 181,810 29,420 253,491 41,019
3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 138,002 27,855 192,411 38,837
4 Nord-Pas de Calais 96,839 24,025 135,019 33,497
5 Pays de la Loire 94,032 26,481 131,105 36,921
6 Aquitaine 85,693 26,710 119,478 37,241
7 Brittany 81,632 25,739 113,816 35,887
8 Midi-Pyrénées 76,522 26,628 106,692 37,126
9 Centre 65,173 25,571 90,868 35,653
10 Languedoc-Roussillon 60,523 22,984 84,385 32,046
11 Lorraine 55,396 23,653 77,237 32,978
12 Alsace 50,701 27,322 70,690 38,094
13 Upper Normandy 48,555 26,599 67,698 37,086
14 Picardy 43,725 22,894 60,964 31,920
15 Poitou-Charentes 42,379 24,046 59,087 33,526
16 Bourgogne 41,805 25,516 58,287 35,576
17 Champagne-Ardenne 35,779 26,768 49,885 37,322
18 Lower Normandy 34,869 23,737 48,617 33,096
19 Auvergne 33,174 24,680 46,253 34,410
20 Franche-Comté 28,083 24,042 39,155 33,521
21 Limousin 17,509 23,637 24,412 32,956
22 Corsica 7,279 23,800 10,149 33,183

Source : INSEE. Source : fxtop.com.

Departements economy and cities

Departemental income inequalities

In terms of income, important inequalities can be observed among the French "départements".

According to the 2008 statistics of the INSEE, the Yvelines is the highest income département of the country with an average household income of €3,750 per month. Hauts-de-Seine comes second, Essonne third, Paris fourth, Seine-et Marne fifth.

Ile-de-France is the wealthiest region in the country with an average household income of €3,228 per month compared to €2,478 at the national level. Alsace comes second, Rhône-Alpes third, Picardy fourth, and Upper Normandy fifth.

The poorest parts of France are the French overseas territories, French Guiana being the poorest "département" with an average household income of €1,826. In metropolitan France, it is Creuse, in the Limousin region, which comes bottom of the list with an average household income of €1,849 per month.[27]

Urban income inequalities

Huge inequalities can also be found among cities. In the Paris metropolitan area, significant differences exist between the higher standard of living of Paris Ouest and lower standard of living in areas in the northern banlieues of Paris.

For cities of over 50,000 inhabitants, Neuilly-sur-Seine, a western suburb of Paris, immediately continuing the city, is the wealthiest city in France with an average household income of €5,434, and 20% earning more than €8,000 per month.[28] But within Paris, four arrondissements are surpassing wealthy Neuilly-sur-Seine in household income: the 6th, the 7th, the 8th and the 16th; the 8th "arrondissement" being the wealthiest district in France (the other three following it closely as 2nd, 3rd and 4th wealthiest ones).

Wealth

Overview

In 2010, the French had an estimated wealth of US$12.1 trillion for a population of 63 million[29]

  • In terms of aggregate wealth, the French are the wealthiest Europeans, accounting for more than a quarter of wealthiest European households.[30] Globally, the French nation ranks 4th wealthiest,[31][32] being proportionally the weathiest one.
  • In 2010, the wealth per French adult is a little higher than US$260,000, down from a pre-crisis high of US$300,000 in 2007.
  • Virtually every French household has at least US$1,000 in assets.[33] Proportionally, there are twice as many French with assets over US$10,000 and four times as many French with assets over US$100,000 than the world average.[34]
  • The French are also among the least in debt populations in the developed world with personal debt accounting for "little more than 10% of household assets".[35]

Billionaires

There were more than 280,000 US dollar millionaires living in France in 2010, or about 0.45% of the total French population.[36] In 2010, among the top 1% of global wealth holders, 4,045 are French.

The wealthiest European is French multibillionaire and LVMH CEO and owner Bernard Arnault[37] and the world's wealthiest woman is French L'Oreal cosmetic empire heiress Liliane Bettencourt.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ http://www.inegalites.fr/spip.php?article270
  2. ^ Euro area unemployment rate at 9.9% - Eurostat. 01. April 2011
  3. ^ a b Wages and Taxes for the Average Joe in the EU 2
  4. ^ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  5. ^ "International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity - FRANCE". International Monetary Fund. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Gross domestic product 2008" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  7. ^ "Germany, France pull out of recession". CNN. 2009-08-13.
  8. ^ Fresh fears for UK economy as Germany and France power ahead - The Guardian
  9. ^ "Gross domestic product". OECD. 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-02-11.
  10. ^ Sources: 2010 International Monetary Fund's List (International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010.), 2010 CIA Factbooks (Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate), CIA World Factbook) and 2009 World Bank List ("Gross domestic product (2009)" (PDF). The World Bank: World Development Indicators database. World Bank. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-01.)
  11. ^ See sources above
  12. ^ 2010 Global ranking in household wealth: USA (1st), Japan (2nd), China (3rd), France (4th), Germany (5th). Sources: 2010 Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report (see below)
  13. ^ Credit Suisse 2010's Global Wealth Report "In euro and USD terms, the total wealth of French households is very sizeable. Although it has just 1.1% of the world’s adults, France ranks fourth mong nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany. Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1%, but France itelf contributes a quarter of the European contingent." [1]
  14. ^ Global 500 by Country - Fortune
  15. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_firms_by_sector_and_market_share
  16. ^ http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/
  17. ^ a b "Country fact sheet: France" (PDF). World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  18. ^ a b "Country fact sheet: Japan" (PDF). World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  19. ^ "France in the United States: Economy". Embassy of France in Washington. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  20. ^ "CO2 emissions per capita in 2006". Environmental Indicators. United Nations. August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |subtitle= ignored (help)
  21. ^ Source: L’Electricité en France en 2006 : une analyse statistique
  22. ^ Template:Fr L'Agriculture en chiffres
  23. ^ "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF). Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). Retrieved 2008-06-05. Template:Fr icon
  24. ^ "Musées et Monuments historiques".
  25. ^ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, data from 2000-2010. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
  26. ^ "Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2007". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  27. ^ http://www.salairemoyen.com/departement.php?dept=23
  28. ^ http://www.salairemoyen.com/revenus.php?Commune=92051&Ville=92200+-+NEUILLY+SUR+SEINE
  29. ^ Credit Suisse 2010's Global Wealth Report p32
  30. ^ "Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1% (of wealthiest households), but France itself contributes a quarter of the European contingent." 2010's Global Wealth Report
  31. ^ Rankings: 1st: USA with $54.6 trillion for 318 million inhabitants; 2nd: Japan with $21 trillion for 127 million inhabitants; 3rd: China with $16.5 trillion for 1.331 billion inhabitants; 4th: France with $12.1 trillion for 63 million inhabitants
  32. ^ " Although it has just 1.1% of the world’s adults, France ranks fourth among nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany" 2010's Global Wealth Report [2]
  33. ^ 2010's Global Wealth Report, p32: Very few households in France are recorded as having less than USD 1000 per adult
  34. ^ 2010's Global Wealth Report, p32: The proportion with assets over USD 10,000 is double the world average, and the proportion with more than USD 100,000 is four times the global figure
  35. ^ (2010's Global Wealth Report)
  36. ^ http://images.businessweek.com/ss/10/06/0615_global_millionaires/9.htm
  37. ^ Forbes 2010 Rankings
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