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:''Further Information: [[Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]''
:''Further Information: [[Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]''


On August 26, 2011, Doha announced that they are bidding for the 2020 Games. <ref>http://www.dohastadiumplusqatar.com/doha-launches-bid-2020-olympics</ref> <ref>http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/26/164219.html</ref>
⚫
Doha [[Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics|bid]] to host the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] but failed to become a candidate. The IOC cited technical reasons for its rejection of the bid, including Doha's insistence on holding the Games in October, because of the too hot weather in August. On August 7, 2008, [[Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani]], the Heir Apparent of Qatar, revealed that the state will bid for the 2020 Games. Sheikh Tamim, who is also the chairman of the Qatar Olympic Committee, said that Qatar was determined to learn from the lessons of its failed 2016 bid, and "bid for hosting the Olympic Games in 2020 as per set measures and standards."<ref>[http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&month=August2008&file=Local_News2008080731758.xml Doha sets sights on 2020 Olympics]</ref><ref>[http://www.arabianbusiness.com/526976-qatar-poised-to-bid-for-2020-olympics?ln=en Qatar Poised to Bid for 2020 Olympics]</ref> Doha asked the IOC if they could organize the games in autumn rather than the summer months due to Qatar's extremely hot weather during the summer<ref>http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/future_bids_2016/1216135858.html</ref> On 26 August 2011 the IOC and the Qatar bid team held talks about their plan<ref name="USA Out">http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/14676969.stm</ref> and gave Doha the go ahead to host the games outside of the traditional timeframe in the event that Doha is chosen as the host city. <ref>http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2020/14015-exclusive-doha-bid-for-2020-set-for-go-ahead-after-date-change-agreed</ref>. <ref>http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/a-change-of-dates-likely-in-qatars-2020-olympic-bid</ref>. On 26 August, 2011, Doha [http://www.dohastadiumplusqatar.com/doha-launches-bid-2020-olympics/ officially confirmed their bid] to host the Games.<ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/26/164219.html]</ref>

⚫
Doha [[Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics|bid]] to host the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] but failed to become a candidate. The IOC cited technical reasons for its rejection of the bid, including Doha's insistence on holding the Games in October, because of the too hot weather in August. On August 7, 2008, [[Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani]], the Heir Apparent of Qatar, revealed that the state will bid for the 2020 Games. Sheikh Tamim, who is also the chairman of the Qatar Olympic Committee, said that Qatar was determined to learn from the lessons of its failed 2016 bid, and "bid for hosting the Olympic Games in 2020 as per set measures and standards."<ref>[http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&month=August2008&file=Local_News2008080731758.xml Doha sets sights on 2020 Olympics]</ref><ref>[http://www.arabianbusiness.com/526976-qatar-poised-to-bid-for-2020-olympics?ln=en Qatar Poised to Bid for 2020 Olympics]</ref> Doha asked the IOC if they could organize the games in autumn rather than the summer months due to Qatar's extremely hot weather during the summer<ref>http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/future_bids_2016/1216135858.html</ref> On 26 August 2011 the IOC and the Qatar bid team held talks about their plan<ref name="USA Out">http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/14676969.stm</ref> and gave Doha the go ahead to host the games outside of the traditional timeframe in the event that Doha is chosen as the host city. <ref>http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2020/14015-exclusive-doha-bid-for-2020-set-for-go-ahead-after-date-change-agreed</ref>. <ref>http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/a-change-of-dates-likely-in-qatars-2020-olympic-bid</ref>.


In 2006 Doha hosted the [[2006 Asian Games|Asian Games]]. Qatar was recently selected to host the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]]. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]] and four of the venues for the tournament were located in Doha.
In 2006 Doha hosted the [[2006 Asian Games|Asian Games]]. Qatar was recently selected to host the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]]. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]] and four of the venues for the tournament were located in Doha.

Revision as of 18:23, 26 August 2011

The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad, will be a major international sports and cultural festival, celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee has begun the selection process for the host city. NOCs have until September 1, 2011 to submit bids. The host city will be elected in Buenos Aires on September 7, 2013 at the 125th IOC Session.

Bidding Timeline

The timeline of the host city selection process was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) executive board as follows:[1]

  • 2011:
May 16 – IOC sends letters inviting the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to submit bids.
July and August – IOC will ask for NOCs to submit letters regarding compliance with the World Anti-doping Agency code by July 29. The IOC will also request submissions of proposed dates if countries want to stage the Games outside the normal period set by the IOC (July 15 to August 31). The IOC will respond to NOCs on these points by the end of August.
September 1 – Deadline to submit the names of cities interested in hosting the 2020 Summer Games.
October – IOC will hold an information seminar for 2020 applicants.
  • 2012:
February 15 – Submission of the application files and guarantee letters to the IOC.
May – IOC executive board decides which cities are approved as official candidate cities.
  • 2013:
January – Submission of the official bid books.
March and April – Visits of the IOC evaluation commission to each bidding city.
June – Report of the IOC evaluation commission.
September 7 – Election of the host city at 125th IOC Session.

Official bids

The following cities have been formally nominated to host the 2020 Games by their respective National Olympic Committee:

Italy Rome, Italy

Further information: [[:Rome bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]

Rome was nominated by the Italian National Olympic Committee on May 19, 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen over Venice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games.[2][3]

Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960. It bid to host the 2004 Games but lost to Athens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the 2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the 1990 FIFA World Cup final.

Italy previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Spain Madrid, Spain

Further information: [[:Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]

Madrid was nominated by the Spanish Olympic Committee executive committee on June 1, 2011.[4] It received official confirmation by the government on July 12, 2011.

The Spanish capital has made three prior bids for the Games: first for 1972, which it lost to Munich; second for 2012, which was won by London; and most recently for 2016, which it lost to Rio de Janeiro in the final round of voting.

Spain previously hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The country hosted the 1982 FIFA World Cup and the final was held in Madrid. The city has also hosted the 1986 World Aquatics Championships.

Japan Tokyo, Japan

Further information: [[:Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]

Tokyo was selected by the Japanese Olympic Committee on July 16, 2011, and was confirmed as Japan's bidding city for the 2020 Games. The city is going forward with its bid despite the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami which affected much of eastern Japan. [5] [6]

Tokyo previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964. The Japanese capital bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics but lost to Rio de Janeiro. Osaka bid to host the 2008 Games but lost to Beijing; Nagoya bid to host the Games in 1988 but lost to Seoul.

Japan has hosted the Winter Olympics twice. The 1998 Winter Games were organised in Nagano. Sapporo hosted the Winter Games in 1972. Japan previously co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea; the final was held in Yokohama, near Tokyo.

Turkey Istanbul, Turkey

Further information: [[:Istanbul bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics]]

Istanbul was nominated on July 7, 2011, at the 123rd IOC session in Durban, and was confirmed as Turkey's bid on July 24, 2011.[7][8] Turkey's candidacy was announced officially by PM Erdogan on August 13, 2011. [9]

Turkey has yet to host an Olympic Games. Istanbul has made several previous bids for the Summer Games. The city was a candidate for the 2000 Games which were awarded to Sydney. It bid again for 2004, which were held in Athens, but failed to become a candidate city. It became a candidate for 2008 but lost to Beijing. The Turkish city's most recent bid was for the 2012 Games but it failed to become a candidate; the 2020 bid will be its fifth bid.

Istanbul hosted the knockout stage of the 2010 Basketball World Championship as well as the final. Istanbul was chosen as European Capital of Sports for 2012. The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 2012 FINA Short Course World Championships will be hosted in Istanbul. The Abdi İpekçi Arena hosted the Final of EuroBasket 2001, and was also the venue for the 1992 Euroleague Final Four. The venue also hosted 2004 Eurovision Song Contest.

Türk Telekom Arena, Atatürk Olympic Stadium and Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, which were built or renovated in the first decade of the 21st century, are three UEFA Elite Stadiums in Istanbul.

Qatar Doha, Qatar

Further Information: Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics

On August 26, 2011, Doha announced that they are bidding for the 2020 Games. [10] [11]

Doha bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics but failed to become a candidate. The IOC cited technical reasons for its rejection of the bid, including Doha's insistence on holding the Games in October, because of the too hot weather in August. On August 7, 2008, Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani, the Heir Apparent of Qatar, revealed that the state will bid for the 2020 Games. Sheikh Tamim, who is also the chairman of the Qatar Olympic Committee, said that Qatar was determined to learn from the lessons of its failed 2016 bid, and "bid for hosting the Olympic Games in 2020 as per set measures and standards."[12][13] Doha asked the IOC if they could organize the games in autumn rather than the summer months due to Qatar's extremely hot weather during the summer[14] On 26 August 2011 the IOC and the Qatar bid team held talks about their plan[15] and gave Doha the go ahead to host the games outside of the traditional timeframe in the event that Doha is chosen as the host city. [16]. [17].

In 2006 Doha hosted the Asian Games. Qatar was recently selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the 2011 AFC Asian Cup and four of the venues for the tournament were located in Doha.

Potential bids

Africa

Africa has never hosted the Olympic Games.[18] When discussing Japan's bid, the Japanese Olympic Committee head Yasuhiro Nakamori said "the IOC suggested that if an African candidate emerged for 2020 they would be very strong contenders".[19] Several IOC members have suggested that the organization should award the Games to an African nation.[20]

The president of the Egyptian Olympic Committee, General Mahmoud Ahmad Ali, called for a bid from Cairo in December during the NOC's centennial celebrations. IOC chief Jacques Rogge was in attendance and reiterated his long-held desire to bring the Olympics to Africa[21] However the current status of Cairo's proposal remains uncertain in the wake of the 2011 revolution in the country.
  • Kenya Undetermined city in Kenya
Kenyan prime minister Raila Odinga has stated that the country's Olympic success makes it a choice candidate for the 2020 Olympics. According to a report in Kenyan newspaper The Standard, he said: "No country in Africa has won more Olympic medals than Kenya so we have all the rights to host the Games and we are asking Brazil to support us."[22]
During his closing remarks at the African International Sports Convention on March 19, 2011, Morocco's sport minister Moncef Belkhayat said: "Expect a bid from Casablanca in 2020, 2024 or 2028." This was the first time Belkhayat publicly suggested there may be a bid from the north African country.[23]

Asia

After hosting the 2010 Commonwealth Games,[24] the Indian Olympic Association stated that "Delhi would bid for the 2020 Olympics".[25] The IOA had decided to bid for the 2016 Games, but after a failed attempt to host the 2014 Asian Games it will now bid for 2020, officials have said. Sports minister Manohar Singh Gill later stated that funding infrastructure would come before a 2020 bid.[26] India's chaotic and controversial preparations for the 2010 Commonwealth Games have cast doubt on the country's ability to stage the Olympics.[27] However, Jacques Rogge has expressed that India's Olympics dream remains alive.[28]
On November 1, 2010, Commonwealth Games Federation chief executive Mike Hooper told delegates at the Global Sports Industry Congress in London that, in his opinion, India should be wary about rushing into an Olympic bid: "The reality is [that] in time I think they [will] have the capacity, [but] I think that would be a big ask of India at this time." Hooper's comments came less than three weeks after Delhi chief organizer Suresh Kalmadi appeared to waver for the first time in his insistence on an Olympic-sized follow-up to India's first Commonwealth Games.[29]

Europe

The mayor of Germany's capital and largest city expressed interest in bidding for the 2020 Summer Olympics after Munich's failed attempt to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. [30]
On December 18, 2008, the assembly of Budapest unanimously accepted the proposal for the Act on the Preparation of the Budapest Olympic Bid, prepared by the Budapesti Olimpiai Mozgalom. The proposal is to be presented to the parliament of Hungary.[31]
Portugal's capital and largest city intends to bid for the 2020 Games.[32][33][34]

North America

After winning the bid to host the 2011 Pan American Games the Mexican Olympic Committee president, Felipe Muñoz, said that there is a chance for Guadalajara to host the 2020 Olympics, after the massive sport and urban infrastructure investment made in the city the last two years of almost 2 billion dollars. [35] Also, after recently being successful in its bid for the World Swimming Championships in 2017, the State Governor of Jalisco, Emilio Gonzalez mentioned the Olympics as the next goal for the city.[36]
Public support for Monterrey 2020 has been quite large with many pages and websites being created. There was a possibility of Monterrey bidding for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games but Guadalajara was chosen, however, they withdrew their bid due to financial reasons.

Oceania

Brisbane has been pre-selected by the Australian Olympic Committee as the next most likely Australian bid city, possibly within 15 to 20 years, which has been further endorsed by Queensland premier Anna Bligh and former Lord Mayor Campbell Newman.[37] The city previously bid for the 1992 Olympics, finishing third behind winner Barcelona and runner-up Paris. This bid also coincides with a bid for Brisbane to host the 2020 World Expo.[38]

Cancelled bids

A number of countries explored the possibility of bidding, but have announced that they will not be submitting a bid by the September 1, 2011 deadline. List is in order of cancellation.

  • Romania Bucharest decided not to proceed with its bid because the city hall's general counsellors believed the project would be unachievable.[40]
  • Japan Hiroshima decided to pull out following poor public reaction to the bid and also because of a lack of funding.[41]
  • United Arab Emirates Dubai was considering a bid for 2020 but decided to instead wait until 2024.[44]
  • Canada Toronto was considering a bid for 2020 but announced on August 11, 2011, it was not bidding, citing financial issues despite high public support in and around the Greater Toronto Area.[48]
  • South Africa Durban was discussed as a potential bid, however it was announced on August 17, 2011, that South Africa would not put forth a 2020 bid. [49]
  • Russia Saint Petersburg decided not to bid despite having discussed the plan with the head of the Russian Olympic Committee. They withdrew on August 22, 2011, instead planning on bidding for either 2024 or 2028. [50]
  • United States United States was considering bidding, the bid city was undetermined, though several cities expressed interest including: Los Angeles, New York City, Minneapolis, Tulsa, Dallas, Chicago and Las Vegas. The USOC confirmed that the US would not bid on August 22, 2011, having failed to reach a new revenue sharing agreement with the IOC. The US is also undergoing a major financial crisis. [51][52] With the IOC adding that it would have loved to recieved a bid for 2020 from the United States.[15]

Hosting possibilities

By 2020 it will have been:

  • 24 years since North America hosted a Summer Olympics (1996, Atlanta)
  • 20 years since Oceania hosted a Summer Olympics (2000, Sydney)
  • 12 years since Asia hosted a Summer Olympics (2008, Beijing)
  • 8 years since Europe hosted a Summer Olympics (2012, London)
  • 4 years since South America hosted a Summer Olympics (2016, Rio de Janeiro)

Africa and southern Asia has yet to host an Olympic Games. It is also known the IOC has not awarded successive Summer Games to cities within a similar area (time zone or continent) since 1948/1952.

In an interview with AroundTheRings, IOC president Jacques Rogge stated whichever continent hosts the 2018 Winter Olympics will also have a shot at the 2020 Summer Games (now known to be the Asian continent): "The perception of some people is to say the rotation of continents, even between winter and summer, will play a role, which I don't believe is the case ... I agree there is a big importance, most likely within Summer Games or Winter Games, but I don't believe there is a crossover because the issues are totally different. But we'll know very quickly if this will materialize, soon after Durban." Though Rogge does not believe the 2018 race should impact that of 2020, he said he expects exactly the opposite: "A lot of these bids will depend on the decision of 2018, whether they will materialize or not."[53]

Bidding Process

The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.[54]

Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.[55] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields.[56] The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.[55]

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.[55] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.[57][58] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.[59]

Sports

The 2020 Olympic program will include a maximum of 28 sports. At the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, the IOC will vote on whether to include one of the following sports in the program: baseball, karate, roller sports, softball, sports climbing, squash, wakeboarding, wushu and surfing.[60]

Television rights

On January 6, 2011, the IOC announced that it was considering packaging the U.S. television rights for four Olympics instead of the usual two: the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics, and the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC's lead negotiator Richard Carrion told the Associated Press the bidding war would be waged among NBC, ESPN, Fox and perhaps a CBS/Turner coalition. "We realize this is a major decision going forward for any of these guys," the IOC member from Puerto Rico said. "I would certainly support it if they want to go to four games, and do all the way to 2020."[61]

IOC president Jacques Rogge heads the exclusive TV Rights and New Media Commission, but the organization of bidding falls to Carrion, who meets regularly with the networks to stoke interest in airing Sochi 2014 and Rio de Janeiro 2016. In packaging four Olympics, Carrion had another two Games to sell, but the 2018 host city would not be selected until July 6 and the 2020 host until 2013. The IOC took its time to seek a new deal for the U.S., hoping to ride out a recession to get the best price possible. The U.S. television rights are the IOC's single-largest source of revenue.[61]

On June 7, 2011 the IOC awarded the U.S. television rights to the four Olympics to NBC in a deal worth more than $4 billion.[62]

Below are the confirmed television right holders:

Notes

  1. ^ Executive Board concludes first meeting of the new year January 13, 2011.
  2. ^ "Rome Is Italy's Candidate In 2020 Summer Games Bid". GamesBids.com. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  3. ^ "ROMA 2020 – Sala Stampa e News – News". 2020roma.it. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  4. ^ "La Ejecutiva del COE aprobaría la candidatura de Madrid 2020" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. June 1, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
  5. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/15/olympics-tokyo-bid-idUSL3E7IF1XH20110715
  6. ^ http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110716x1.html
  7. ^ http://insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2020/13679-turkey-prime-minister-confirms-istanbul-bid-for-2020-olympics
  8. ^ http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/future_bids_2016/1216135804.html
  9. ^ http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2020/13893-istanbul-2020-will-be-qplatform-for-changeq-promises-turkish-prime-minister
  10. ^ http://www.dohastadiumplusqatar.com/doha-launches-bid-2020-olympics
  11. ^ http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/26/164219.html
  12. ^ Doha sets sights on 2020 Olympics
  13. ^ Qatar Poised to Bid for 2020 Olympics
  14. ^ http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/future_bids_2016/1216135858.html
  15. ^ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/14676969.stm
  16. ^ http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2020/14015-exclusive-doha-bid-for-2020-set-for-go-ahead-after-date-change-agreed
  17. ^ http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/a-change-of-dates-likely-in-qatars-2020-olympic-bid
  18. ^ "South Africa confirms no bid for 2020 Olympics". Daily Times. August 18, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011. No African country has ever hosted the Olympics or Commonwealth Games.
  19. ^ No Joint Hiroshima, Nagasaki 2020 Olympic Bid
  20. ^ Bidding may be set aside: Pound, The Globe and Mail.
  21. ^ Out of Many, Few Will Bid: The Candidates for 2020 Olympics
  22. ^ Bidding for the Games- 100 Days to 2018 Decision; Annecy Protests; Kenya Bidding
  23. ^ Out of Many, Few Will Bid: The Candidates for the 2020 Olympics
  24. ^ "Delhi Games a success, declares Fennell – Rediff Sports". Sports.rediff.com. October 14, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  25. ^ "Delhi will bid for 2020 Olympics". BBC News. April 28, 2007.
  26. ^ India Won't Bid For 2020 Games
  27. ^ "Doubts cast over India's ability to stage Olympics". BBC News. November 1, 2010.
  28. ^ Magnay, Jacquelin (October 3, 2010). "Commonwealth Games 2010: India's Olympic dream still alive, says IOC's Jacques Rogge". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  29. ^ Almaty 2011 Chief Ousted; Fencing World Championships; Istanbul, Indian Bids
  30. ^ Berlin mayor wants to make Olympics bid
  31. ^ "Act on the Preparation of the Budapest Olympic Bid". BOM Association. December 18, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  32. ^ Lisbon 2016 or 2020
  33. ^ Artificial island in plans for 2020 Lisbon bid
  34. ^ Ojective: Lisbon 2020
  35. ^ "Quiere México los Juegos Olímpicos 2020". esmas.com. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  36. ^ "Quiere Emilio González unos Juegos Olímpicos". oem.com.mx. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  37. ^ Wayne Smith (August 5, 2008). "Government backs AOC plan for Brisbane Olympics". The Australian. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  38. ^ "Proposal: the Brisbane Expo 2020 Olympiad". Foundationexpo88.org. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  39. ^ "It’s Official – Prague Out Of 2020 Bid". GamesBids.com, June 16, 2009.
  40. ^ "Bucharest will not host the Summer Olympic Games in 2020 / General counsellors rejected the project". HotNews.ro, December 17, 2010.
  41. ^ "Hiroshima Opts Out Of 2020 Olympic Bid". GamesBids.com, May 22, 2011.
  42. ^ "S.Korea's Busan pulls plug on 2020 Games bid". Reuters Africa, July 7, 2011.
  43. ^ France rules out 2020 Olympic Games bid, USA Today, July 12, 2011
  44. ^ "Olympics—Dubai opts out of 2020 bid, targets 2024". Reuters, July 29, 2011.
  45. ^ "Баку отказался быть кандидатом на Олимпиаду-2020". Azerispor.com. August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
  46. ^ Olympic Newsdesk- Encouragement for Aussie Athletics Bid; Baku 2020
  47. ^ "Баку стал претендентом на проведение Летней Олимпиады-2020". vesti.az. Retrieved December 5, 2010.
  48. ^ "Toronto won't bid for 2020 Olympics". CBC News, August 11, 2011.
  49. ^ http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/Story.aspx?Id=72249
  50. ^ "Петербург решил не претендовать на проведение Олимпиады-2020" (in Russian). Rosbalt.ru. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  51. ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&id=6884167
  52. ^ http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/2020_bid_news/1216135855.html
  53. ^ The Year Ahead- Bidding for 2020
  54. ^ Olympic Charter (PDF). International Olympic Committee. September 1, 2004. ISBN 9291490016. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  55. ^ a b c "Host City Election Procedure". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  56. ^ "Role and composition of the Evaluation Commission". 117th IOC Session. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  57. ^ "FAQ - ELECTION OF AN OLYMPIC GAMES HOST CITY - Host city election". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  58. ^ "Election procedure". 117th IOC Session. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  59. ^ "The Organizing Committees of the Olympic Games". The Movement. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
  60. ^ and eid=133067&searchpageipp=10&searchpage=1 "IOC announces new events for Sochi 2014, shortlisted sports for 2020". Retrieved July 6, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  61. ^ a b Bidders Want U.S. TV Rights Through 2020; Sochi Progress
  62. ^ McCarthy, MIchael. "NBC wins U.S. TV rights to four Olympic Games through 2020". USA Today.
  63. ^ "IOC awards TV rights in Germany, Korea, France". Forbes.com. July 5, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  64. ^ a b "IOC awards SBS broadcast rights for 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024 Olympic Games". Olympic.org. July 4, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  65. ^ "IOC awards US broadcast rights for 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020 Olympic Games to NBCUniversal". Olympic.org. June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
Preceded by Summer Olympic Games
Host City
XXXII Olympiad (2020) 		Succeeded by
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