Queen Camilla: Difference between revisions
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{{hatnote|"The Duchess of Cornwall" and "The Duchess of Rothesay" redirect here. For other people known by those titles, see [[Duchess of Cornwall]] and [[Duchess of Rothesay]].}} |
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{{Use British English|date=January 2013}} |
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{{hatnote|"The Duchess of Cornwall" and "The Duchess of Rothesay" redirect here. For other people known by those titles, see [[Duchess of Cornwall]] and [[Duchess of Rothesay]].}} |
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| title = [[Duchess of Cornwall]]; [[Duchess of Rothesay]] ([[#Titles, styles, honours and arms|more]])<!--full titles not needed here--> |
| title = [[Duchess of Cornwall]]; [[Duchess of Rothesay]] ([[#Titles, styles, honours and arms|more]])<!--full titles not needed here--> |
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| image = Duchess of Cornwall 2012.JPG |
| image = Duchess of Cornwall 2012.JPG |
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| caption = The Duchess of Cornwall |
| caption = The Duchess of Cornwall in June 2012 |
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| spouse = [[Andrew Parker Bowles]]<br />(m. 1973, div. 1995)<br />[[Charles, Prince of Wales]]<br />(m. 2005) |
| spouse = [[Andrew Parker Bowles]]<br />(m. 1973, div. 1995)<br />[[Charles, Prince of Wales]]<br />(m. 2005) |
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| issue = [[Tom Parker Bowles]]<br />[[Laura Lopes]] |
| issue = [[Tom Parker Bowles]]<br />[[Laura Lopes]] |
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| full name = Camilla Rosemary<ref group=fn>On the unusual occasions when a surname is used, it is [[Mountbatten-Windsor]] |
| full name = Camilla Rosemary<ref group=fn>On the unusual occasions when a surname is used, it is [[Mountbatten-Windsor]]</ref> |
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| house = [[House of Windsor]] |
| house = [[House of Windsor]] |
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| father = [[Major]] [[Bruce Shand]] |
| father = [[Major]] [[Bruce Shand]] |
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| mother = [[The Honourable]] [[Rosalind Maud Cubitt|Rosalind Cubitt]] |
| mother = [[The Honourable]] [[Rosalind Maud Cubitt|Rosalind Cubitt]] |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|7|17|df=yes}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|7|17|df=yes}} |
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| birth_place = [[London]], England |
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]] |
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| religion = [[Anglican]] ([[Church of England]]) |
| religion = [[Anglican]] ([[Church of England]]) |
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}} |
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'''Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|GCVO]], [[Papua New Guinea honours system#Order of the Star of Melanesia|CSM]]}} (Camilla Rosemary; ''née'' '''Shand''', previously '''Parker Bowles'''; born 17 July 1947 |
'''Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|GCVO]], [[Papua New Guinea honours system#Order of the Star of Melanesia|CSM]]}} (Camilla Rosemary; ''née'' '''Shand''', previously '''Parker Bowles'''; born 17 July 1947<ref name="Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles"/>), is the second wife of [[Charles, Prince of Wales]], the eldest child and heir apparent to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]. By her second marriage she shares her husband's titles as [[Duchess of Cornwall]], [[Duchess of Rothesay]], [[Countess of Chester (title)|Countess of Chester]] and [[Baroness of Renfrew]]. She is styled by her husband's secondary title of Duchess of Cornwall (or sometimes in Scotland, Duchess of Rothesay),<ref name="title2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCornwall/StyleandTitles.aspx |title=The Duchess of Cornwall – Titles |publisher=royal.gov.uk |accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> due to the strong association of the primary title ([[Princess of Wales]]) with her husband's first wife, the late [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].<ref name="Charles and Camilla"/> |
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The Duchess is the eldest child of [[Bruce Shand|Major Bruce Shand]] and the [[Honourable]] [[Rosalind Maud Cubitt|Rosalind Cubitt]], daughter of [[Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe]]. She has two children and five grandchildren with her first husband, [[Andrew Parker Bowles]]. |
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Instead of taking the title "[[Princess of Wales]]", she is styled through her husband's secondary titles as "[[Duchess of Cornwall]]" and, in Scotland, "[[Duchess of Rothesay]]".<ref name="title2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCornwall/StyleandTitles.aspx |title=The Duchess of Cornwall – Titles |publisher=royal.gov.uk |accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> The secondary titles were used because of the strong association of the primary title with her husband's first wife, the late [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].<ref name="Charles and Camilla"/> Another title she holds through her marriage is [[Countess of Chester (title)|Countess of Chester]].<ref name="title2"/> |
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Camilla is the eldest child of [[Bruce Shand|Major Bruce Shand]] and his wife [[The Honourable]] [[Rosalind Maud Cubitt|Rosalind Cubitt]], daughter of British aristocrat the [[Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe|3rd Baron Ashcombe]]. She was raised in [[East Sussex]], a county in [[South East England]], and was educated in England, Switzerland and France. In 1973, she married [[British Army]] officer [[Andrew Parker Bowles]], with whom she has two children and five grandchildren. They divorced amicably in 1995, the year after his retirement from the army. |
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For many years, Camilla and the Prince of Wales had a controversial romantic relationship, which was highly publicised in the media.<ref name="ref">Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair by biographer [[Gyles Brandreth]] depicts Charles and Camilla’s relationship as controversial due to its longevity and throughout the book shows the media’s interest and representation to the public.</ref> |
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In 2005, it culminated in a [[civil marriage]] at [[Windsor Guildhall]], which was followed by a televised [[Anglican]] blessing by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Rowan Williams]], at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]]. If the Prince of Wales ascends the throne, rather than be styled as a [[queen consort|queen]], Camilla is expected to adopt the title ''[[Princess Consort]]'', which is similar to the style of [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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{{British Royal Family}} |
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Born at [[King's College Hospital]], [[London]],<ref group=fn>Some sources report that she was born in Plumpton, but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home as her birth place.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Camilla-Parker-Bowles-9542218 |title=— Camilla Parker Bowles Biography |publisher=Biography.com |date=17 July 1947 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> on 17 July 1947, Camilla was raised opposite the [[Plumpton Racecourse]], [[East Sussex]] by her parents, [[Bruce Shand|Major Bruce Shand]] (1917–2006) (a [[British Army]] officer, turned [[Vintner|wine merchant]], as well as [[prisoner of war]] in [[World War II]] who received the [[Military Cross]] with Bar) and [[the Honourable]] [[Rosalind Maud Cubitt|Rosalind Cubitt]] (1921–1994, eldest child of [[Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe|Roland Calvert Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe]]). Her siblings are [[Mark Shand]] and Annabel Shand Elliot.<ref name="Profile: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall"/> Her maternal great-grandmother, [[Alice Keppel]], (the Honourable Mrs George Keppel), formerly Alice Frederica [[Edmonstone baronets|Edmonstone]], was the daughter of [[Sir William Edmonstone, 4th Baronet]]. Alice was a [[royal mistress]], of King [[Edward VII]] from 1898 to 1910.<ref name="Profile: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall"/> |
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Camilla was baptised on 1 November 1947 at Firle Church, Sussex. Her godparents were the [[Hon.]] [[Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe|Harry Cubitt]] (her maternal uncle), Major Neil Speke, [[Heathcoat-Amory baronets|Heathcoat Amory]], Lombard Hobson and Vivien Mosley.<ref name="times">[[The Times]], 21 October 1944.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[[The Times]], 5 August 1942.</ref> |
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===Childhood=== |
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Camilla was born Camilla Rosemary Shand at [[King's College Hospital]], [[London]], on 17 July 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Camilla-Parker-Bowles-9542218 |title=— Camilla Parker Bowles Biography |publisher=Biography.com |date=17 July 1947 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> She was raised at The Laines, [[Plumpton, East Sussex|Plumpton]], near [[Lewes]], [[East Sussex]].<ref group=fn>Some sources report that she was born in Plumpton, but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home as her birth place.</ref> The house was a five-bedroom, former rectory, conveniently situated opposite [[Plumpton Racecourse]].<ref name="PortraitBrand"/> Her parents were the [[British Army]] officer Major [[Bruce Shand]] and his wife Rosalind (née Cubitt). [[Mark Shand]] and Annabel Elliot are her younger siblings.<ref name="ProCam"/> Her maternal great-grandmother, [[Alice Keppel]], was a mistress of [[King Edward VII]] from 1898 to 1910.<ref name="ProCam"/> On 1 November 1947, Camilla was baptized at Firle Church, Sussex. Her godparents were Hon. [[Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe|Harry Cubitt]] (her maternal uncle), Major Neil Speke, [[Heathcoat-Amory baronets|Heathcoat Amory]], Lombard Hobson and Vivien Mosley.<ref name="times">[[The Times]], 21 October 1944.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[[The Times]], 5 August 1942.</ref> The Shands had two homes, one in Plumpton in the Laines and another in London, a three-storey Victorian house in [[South Kensington]]. She grew up with dogs and cats.<ref name="Childh"/> At a young age, she learned to ride a [[pony]] by attending pony camps with a pony club. She also learned to hunt. Her great uncle Charles Cubitt was, for many years, the Master of Crawley Horsham Hounds, and her father was appointed Joint Master of the celebrated Southdown hunt.<ref>Brandreth, pp.106-107</ref> Her childhood, as she says, "was perfect in every way".<ref name="PortraitBrand">Brandreth, p.104</ref> |
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Biographer [[Gyles Brandreth]] describes her childhood:<ref name="Childh"/> |
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Camilla attended Dumbrells School, a [[co-educational school]] in [[Sussex]] at the age of 5. At the age of 10 she attended fashionable [[Queen's Gate School]] in [[South Kensington]] and left with one O-level. Then, at the age of 16, she attended the Mon Fertile [[finishing school]] in [[Switzerland]] and studied at the [[University of London Institute in Paris|Institut Britannique in Paris]].<ref name="Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles">{{cite web|title=Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4252971.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=8 October 2012}}</ref> |
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{{quote|Camilla is often described as having had an "Enid Blyton sort of Childhood." In fact, it was much grander than that. Camilla, as a little girl, may have had some personality traits of [[George Kirrin|George]], the tomboy girl among the ''[[The Famous Five (series)|Famous Five]]'', but [[Enid Blyton]]’s children were essentially middle-class children and The Shands, without question, belonged to upper class. The Shands had position and they had help - help in the house, help in the garden, help with children. They were gentry. They opened their garden for the local Conservative Party Association summer fête. The End.}} |
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Following her education, she made her London debut as a [[debutante]] in 1965.<ref name="Profile: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall">[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/royals/camilla.html Profile: Camilla Duchess of Cornwall, Indepth: The Royal Family]</ref> |
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After moving from home, Camilla lived in a two-bedroom flat in Cundy Street at the back end of [[Belgravia]], sharing with Moyra Campbell, the daughter of [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn]], who had been a maid of honour to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] at her [[coronation]] and whose mother was a close friend to [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]. Lady Moyra moved out when she married. Her new flat mate became Virginia Carrington, daughter of the conservative politician and a former Guards Officer, [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Lord Carrington]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Christopher|title=The Windsor Knot|year=2003|publisher=[[Citadel Press]]|location=Chp.1 Four in the Morning|pages=16–17|isbn= 978-0-8065-2386-6}}</ref> |
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===Education and adolescence=== |
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Camilla worked as a part-time [[secretary]] and later took a job at the decorating firm of [[Sibyl Colefax]] and [[John Beresford Fowler|John Fowler]].<ref name="Profile: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall"/> |
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At the age of five, Camilla was sent to Dumbrells, a [[co-educational school]] at [[Ditchling]], a village three miles from Plumpton. The school was established in the mid-1880s and, by every account, in 1952, when Camilla arrived, the values of the place and the facilities remained true to their [[Victorian era|Victorian]] origins.<ref name="ChildCam"/> Biographer Christopher Wilson, in the ''Windsor Knot'' quotes a former pupil from the period as saying, "A school inspector came and was dumbstruck. He never knew such a place could exist. The school was so harsh I used to say a child who could cope with Dumbrells could cope with anything."<ref name="Childh">Brandreth, p.105</ref> At Dumbrells, on Wednesday afternoons, after games—[[hockey]] in winter, [[Stoolball]] in summer—the students were expected to rinse off under a cold shower, under the stern eye of Miss Clarke, the long serving [[headmistress]], a former Dumbrells girl herself. According to one former pupil, the headmistress decreed that that any possession found not in its proper place was to be worn by the culprit for a whole day, including mealtimes; "One of the older girls came to lunch wearing three hats; a younger one was sadly hampered by a large sewing basket tied to her waist." Unruly children were punished by having to sit still and in silence underneath the headmistress’s chair. Those guilty of serious misdemeanors received physical chastisement; a smack on the bare bottom with a wooden ruler. Camilla, it seems, thrived in this environment. In the winter, her mother drove her to school. In the summer, she walked three miles between Plumpton and Ditchling with the family nanny. By all accounts, without exception, she was a healthy, happy, lively, chatty, jolly little girl. School was fine and home was fun.<ref name="ChildCam">Brandreth, p.106</ref> |
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She also became an avid [[Equestrianism|equestrienne]] and participated in [[fox hunting]] (with the [[Beaufort Hunt]])<ref>{{cite news|last=Clover|first=Charles|title=Beaufort Hunt 'broke rules on fox breeding'|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1341954/Beaufort-Hunt-broke-rules-on-fox-breeding.html|accessdate=18 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=10 June 2000}}</ref> until its ban in 2004. Her interests include horse-riding, gardening and [[horticulture]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|title=The rise and rise of Queen Camilla|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/feb/13/monarchy.davidsmith|date=12 February 2005|accessdate=1 March 2012|location=London|work=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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In 1957 when Camilla was ten years old, she left Dumbrells to attend fashionable [[Queen's Gate School]] in [[South Kensington]] due to the long distance from her home to Dumbrells. She was eager to be at a day school and Queen's Gate School was around the corner from her home.<ref>Brandreth, p.107</ref> Her classmates while attending Queen's Gate knew her as "Milla". One of her classmates was singer [[Twinkle (singer)|Twinkle]].<ref name="Brand"/> According to novelist [[Penelope Fitzgerald]], who taught French at the school, Queen's Gate was beginning to change at about the time Camilla arrived there in the late 1950s. "Once upon a time", she said, "it was very much a school where the girls were taught how to write cheques, play bridge and recognize a well-laid table. Gradually it was beginning to bring itself into the twentieth century. The traditional skills of the housewife and mother were still important, but the academic side – languages, history, and science even – was really starting to make its mark." According to Fitzgerald, "She was bright, lively, and rather sporty as I recall. I think she did fencing, she was rather good at fencing."<ref name="Brand">Brandreth, p.108</ref> Camilla left Queen's Gate with one O-level in 1964.<ref>Brandreth, p.146</ref> She did not stay on for A levels, which was not planned by her parents.<ref name="Brand"/> At the age of sixteen, she traveled abroad to attend the Mon Fertile [[finishing school]] in [[Switzerland]]. After completing her course there, she made her own decision to travel to [[France]] to learn about [[fine art]], French and French literature<ref>Brandreth, p.147</ref><ref name="Emmaus"/> at the [[University of London Institute in Paris|Institut Britannique in Paris]].<ref name="Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles">{{cite web|title=Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4252971.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=8 October 2012}}</ref> |
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On 25 March 1965, Camilla was a [[debutante]] in London.<ref name="ProCam">{{cite web|title=Profile: Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/royals/camilla.html|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=18 April 2006|accessdate=22 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="CharlesandCam"/> According to [[Peter Townend (novelist)|Peter Townend]], a social editor of ''[[Tatler (1901)|Tatler]]'' magazine, she was one of 311 debutantes in that year.<ref>Brandreth, pp.159-160</ref> A columnist Betty Kenward, who wrote in her column, ''Jennifer's Diary'', published her coming-out party in the ''[[Queen (magazine)|Queen]]'' magazine.<ref name="CharlesandCam"/> The party was held at a Georgian house.<ref>Brandreth, p.161</ref> 150 guests attended the event, which was described by Kenward as "successful".<ref name="CharlesandCam">Brandreth, p.160</ref> After moving from home, Camilla lived in a two-bedroom flat at [[Belgravia]] on Cundy Street, off Ebury Square, at the back of [[Victoria Coach Station]].<ref name="jcamilla"/> She shared the flat with the daughter of [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn]], Moyra Campbell, who had been a maid of honour to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] at her coronation and whose mother was a close friend to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Lady Moyra moved out when she married.<ref>Wilson, pp.16-17</ref> Camilla's new flat mate became The Hon. Virginia Carrington, daughter of the Conservative politician and a former Guards Officer, [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Lord Carrington]].<ref name="jcamilla"/> Virginia later married Camilla's uncle, [[Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe]], in 1973. The couple divorced in 1979.<ref>Brandreth, p.172</ref> Camilla later worked as a part-time secretary in the [[West End of London|West End]] and then took a job at the decorating firm of [[Sibyl Colefax]] and [[John Beresford Fowler|John Fowler]].<ref name="jcamilla">Brandreth, p.171</ref> She also became an avid [[Equestrianism|equestrienne]] and participated in [[fox hunting]] (with the [[Beaufort Hunt]])<ref>{{cite news|last=Clover|first=Charles|title=Beaufort Hunt 'broke rules on fox breeding'|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1341954/Beaufort-Hunt-broke-rules-on-fox-breeding.html|accessdate=18 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=10 June 2000}}</ref> until hunting with hounds was banned in 2004. Among her interests are horse-riding, gardening and [[horticulture]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|title=The rise and rise of Queen Camilla|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/feb/13/monarchy.davidsmith|date=12 February 2005|accessdate=1 March 2012|location=London|work=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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==First marriage== |
==First marriage== |
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''[[The Times]]'' announced the engagement of Camilla and [[British Army]] officer [[Andrew Parker Bowles]].<ref name="Brown"/> On 4 July 1973, 26-year old Camilla married 34-year old Andrew Parker Bowles at the [[Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks|Guards Chapel]], [[Wellington Barracks, London]]. Their [[bridesmaid]]s included Parker Bowles' goddaughter [[Lady Emma Herbert]].<ref>'Major A.H. Parker Bowles and Miss C.R. Shand' in ''[[The Times]]'', 5 July 1973</ref> The wedding was attended by 800 guests including [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]], [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] and [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]].<ref name="Brown">{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Tina|title=The Diana Chronicles|year=2007|page=125|publisher=Anchor|isbn=978-0-385-51708-9 }}</ref> |
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[[File:BolehydeManor.jpg|thumb|Bolehyde Manor]] |
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The couple made their home in [[Wiltshire]], purchasing the part thirteenth century/mainly seventeenth century manor house [[Bolehyde Manor]], at Allington, near [[Chippenham]].<ref name="Bolehyde">Brandreth, p.187</ref> They had two children: [[Tom Parker Bowles|Tom]], born in the year after their marriage, who became a [[godson]] of Prince Charles, and [[Laura Lopes|Laura]], born in 1978;<ref>Brandreth, p.188</ref> both children were raised in their father's [[Roman Catholic]] faith, although both were married in the [[Church of England]]; Tom, like his father, is [[Hereditary peer#Inheritance of titles|in remainder]] to the [[Earldom of Macclesfield]].<ref>Brandreth, p.174</ref> |
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The couple made their home in [[Wiltshire]], living in the 14th century manor house [[Bolehyde Manor]].<ref name="Barber"/> They had two children: [[Tom Parker Bowles|Tom]], born in the year after their marriage, who is a [[Godchild|godson]] of Prince Charles, and [[Laura Lopes|Laura]], born in 1978; both children were raised in their father's [[Roman Catholic]] faith, although both were married in the [[Church of England]]; Tom, like his father, is [[Hereditary peer#Inheritance of titles|in remainder]] to the [[Earldom of Macclesfield]]. The couple divorced on 3 March 1995. They were married for 22 years.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Royal Romance Interactive Timeline|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2005/03/18/in_depth_world/timeline681722.shtml|publisher=CBS News|date= 18 March 2005|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref> |
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==Relationship with the Prince of Wales== |
==Relationship with the Prince of Wales== |
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Camilla and |
The relationship between Camilla and [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]] began when they met at a [[polo]] match in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Ben|title=Camilla's clinch for Charles' first love|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/royals/2312089/Camillas-clinch-for-Charles-first-love.html|work=The Sun|date=11 March 2009|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> They were introduced to one another by Lucia Santa Cruz, an old girlfriend of the Prince of Wales.<ref>{{cite web|last= Alderson|first=Andrew|title=Prince Charles takes Camilla to lunch with 'first girlfriend' in Chile|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/4959269/Prince-Charles-takes-Camilla-to-lunch-with-first-girlfriend-in-Chile.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=9 March 2009|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Seward|first=Ingrid|title=The Queen and Di|year=2001|location=Double Standards|publisher= Arcade Publishing|page=139|isbn=1-55970-561-2}}</ref> Though she became one of the numerous girlfriends of Charles, and the Prince of Wales was said to have wanted to marry her, she was seen by royal courtiers as an unsuitable match for the future king.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Anne|title=Ever After: Diana and the Life She Led|year=2001|publisher=St. Martin's Paperbacks|isbn=978-0312978730|pages=85–86}}</ref> |
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[[Robert Lacey]] wrote in his 2002 book, ''Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II'', that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties in 1972. It has been suggested by a member in the close circle of his great-uncle [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]] that Mountbatten arranged for Charles to be posted overseas to end the relationship with Camilla, and to pave a way for a possible engagement to his granddaughter, [[Amanda Knatchbull]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bradford|first=Sarah|title=Diana|year=2007|location=Footnote 10|publisher=Penguin (Non-Classics)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YUWj6uKYHM4C&pg=PT37&dq=with+Camilla,+and+to+pave+a+way+for+a+possible+engagement+to+his+granddaughter,+Amanda+Knatchbull&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KfiXT7uoIuTu0gGV0eHrBg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=with%20Camilla%2C%20and%20to%20pave%20a%20way%20for%20a%20possible%20engagement%20to%20his%20granddaughter%2C%20Amanda%20Knatchbull&f=false|isbn=0-14-311246-5}}</ref> Charles was heartbroken when he heard of the engagement of Camilla and Andrew Parker Bowles in 1973, writing to Lord Mountbatten: "I suppose the feeling of emptiness will pass eventually."<ref name="Barber">{{Cite web| title = 'Quite grand, and she doesn't tip' | work =[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3604909/Quite-grand-and-she-doesnt-tip.html|date=21 October 2003|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kelley|first=Kitty|title=The Royals|year=1997|publisher=Warner Books|isbn=978-0446517126|page=239}}</ref> Nevertheless they remained friends, and renewed their romantic relationship in 1986.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4252931.stm |title=Q&A: Charles and Camilla |publisher=BBC News |date=22 March 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> Aware of the renewal, Andrew Parker Bowles reportedly gave consent to the relationship during their marriage. The press later derided him as the "man who laid down his wife for his country".<ref>{{cite book|last=Kelley|first=Kitty|title=The royals|year=1997|publisher=Hachette Digital, Inc|page=465|isbn=978-0-446-51712-6}}</ref> |
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{{British Royal Family}} |
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The affair became public knowledge a decade later, with the publication of ''Diana: Her True Story'' in 1992, followed by the ''Camillagate scandal'', wherein intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts were published in the [[Tabloid journalism|tabloids]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linton |first=David |year=2006 |month=March |title=Camillagate: Prince Charles and the Tampon Scandal |journal=Sex Roles |volume=54 |issue=5–6 |pages=347–351 |id= |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/u81w0th741113315/ |accessdate=8 September 2008 |quote= |doi=10.1007/s11199-006-9004-4 |postscript=<!--None--> }}</ref> |
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There have been different statements on why the couple's relationship ended in 1973. [[Robert Lacey]] wrote in his 2008 book, ''Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II'', that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties.<ref>Lacey, p.268</ref> [[Sarah Bradford]] wrote in her 2007 book, ''Diana'', that a member of the close circle of his great-uncle [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]] stated Mountbatten arranged for Charles to be posted overseas to end the relationship with Camilla, and to pave a way for a possible engagement to his granddaughter, [[Amanda Knatchbull]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bradford|first=Sarah|title=Diana|year=2007|location=Footnote 10|publisher=Penguin (Non-Classics)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YUWj6uKYHM4C&pg=PT37|isbn=0-14-311246-5}}</ref> Some sources also suggest the [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]] did not approve of the marriage because she wanted Charles to marry one of the Spencer family granddaughters of her close friend, [[Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy|Lady Fermoy]]. Other sources also suggest Camilla did not want to marry Charles but instead wanted to marry Andrew Parker Bowles since she had an off and on relationship with Parker Bowles that began in the 1960s<ref name="Brandreth, p.185"/> or that Charles had decided he would not marry until he was thirty years old.<ref>Brandreth, p.196</ref> |
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With the relationship in the open, Diana gave an interview on the [[BBC]] programme ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'', during which she was asked if she thought the relationship between Camilla and the Prince of Wales contributed to the breakdown of their marriage, to which she replied: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded."<ref>[[BBC1]]. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/panorama.html The Panorama interview with the Princess of Wales]. November 1995. Retrieved 26 July 2012</ref><ref>Bradford, Sarah, ''Diana''(2006),p.294</ref> Though Camilla kept a low profile at all times, she became unpopular by this revelation.<ref>See [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/02/10/charles.history/ CNN story "Love spans more than 30 years" claims bread roll pelting.]</ref> It was confirmed by Charles in a televised interview with [[Jonathan Dimbleby]] that the relationship between him and Camilla resumed during their crumbling marriages.<ref>Dimbleby, Jonathan, ''The Prince of Wales, A Biography'', p.395</ref> Following this, the Parker Bowleses announced their own divorce in 1995,<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince of Wales 'mistress' to divorce|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/prince-of-wales-mistress-to-divorce 1567448.html|publisher=Independent u.k|date=11 January 1995|accessdate=6 March 2012|location=London |first=Danny |last=Penman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Glauber|first=Bill|title=Charles, Camilla: Together again?|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-01-11/features/1995011135_1_divorce-prince-charles-charles-and-princess|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|date= 11 January 1995|accessdate=10 March 2012}}</ref> having been living apart for some time, and a year later [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] married his long-time mistress Rosemary Pitman. |
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Overall, many royal biographers have agreed that even if Charles and Camilla wanted to marry or did try for approval to get married, it would have been declined, because according to Charles's cousin [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma|Patricia Mountbatten]], palace courtiers at that time found Camilla unsuitable as a wife for the future king. She was quoted as saying, "it wouldn't have been possible, not then."<ref>Brandreth, pp.183-184</ref> |
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Discreetly, Camilla occasionally became Charles's unofficial companion at events. This temporarily ceased when Diana, Princess of Wales, died in August 1997, but in 1999, they were photographed together in public at the [[The Ritz London Hotel|Ritz Hotel]] in London where they attended a birthday party.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mine|first=Shaun|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/OUT%3b+Charles+and+Camilla+go+public.-a060365800|title=OUT; Charles and Camilla go public|location=The free library|publisher=Daily Record|date= 29 January 1999|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Archer|first=Peter|title=Together at Last; Charles and Camilla side by side for the cameras for the first time.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/TOGETHER+AT+LAST%3b+Charles+and+Camilla+side+by+side+for+the+cameras...-a060485875|location= The free Library|publisher=Coventry Evening Telegraph (England)|date= 29 January 1999|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref> |
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Charles was heartbroken when he heard of the engagement of Camilla and Andrew Parker Bowles in 1973, writing to Lord Mountbatten: "I suppose the feeling of emptiness will pass eventually."<ref name="Barber">{{Cite web| title = 'Quite grand, and she doesn't tip' | work =[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3604909/Quite-grand-and-she-doesnt-tip.html|date=21 October 2003|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref><ref>Kelley, p.239</ref> Nevertheless they remained friends. Charles began dating other women including [[Susan George (actress)|Susan George]], Lady Jane Wellesley and Davina Sheffield. Sheffield was later disqualified as a potential royal wife after the press exposed a past relationship, which made her unsuitable.<ref>Brandreth, pp.193-194</ref> Charles and Camilla renewed their romantic relationship in 1979. She became his [[confidant]] after the [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] murdered Lord Mountbatten in August 1979.<ref>Brandreth, p.202</ref> Charles was said to have been grief-stricken over his death and turned to Camilla for consolation.<ref>Brandreth, p.203</ref> Aware of the renewal, Parker Bowles allegedly gave consent to the relationship during their marriage.<ref>Kelley, p.465</ref> Parker Bowles was said to have been flattered by the Prince of Wales's interest in his wife and family.<ref>Brandreth, p.207</ref> It did not bother him since he also pursued relationships with other women.<ref>Junor, p.48</ref> The couple ended their relationship again after Charles married Diana Spencer in 1981.<ref>Brandreth, pp.231-233</ref> |
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Though she maintained her residence in [[Wiltshire]], Camilla then moved into [[Clarence House]], the former home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, which became Charles' household in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Colin|title=Camilla Moves in with Charles: Wife in all but name|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CAMILLA+MOVES+IN+WITH+CHARLES%3b+Wife+in+all+but+name.-a086568813|publisher=Sunday (mail) (Glasgow Scotland)|location=The free library|date= 2 June 2002|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref> In 2005, the media reported that Charles was spending on Camilla with public funds, this received a lot of negative publicity and as a result, an investigation by the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons began probing in Charles' finances about the report.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Caitlin|title=Camilla costs in probe|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Camilla+costs+in+probe.-a0128122559|location= The free library|publisher=The Mirror (London, England)|date=5 February 2005|accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Prince|first=Rosa|title=MPs PROBES SPENDING ON CAMILLA; Aides quizzed over bills|url= http://www.thefreelibrary.com/MPs+PROBE+SPENDING+ON+CAMILLA%3b+Aides+quizzed+over+bills.-a0128123554|location=The free library|publisher = Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)|date=5 February 2005|accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref> |
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The affair became public knowledge in the press a decade later, with the publication of ''Diana: Her True Story'' in 1992, followed by the Camillagate scandal, wherein intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts were published in the [[Tabloid journalism|tabloids]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linton |first=David |year=2006 |month=March |title=Camillagate: Prince Charles and the Tampon Scandal |journal=Sex Roles |volume=54 |issue=5–6 |pages=347–351 |id= |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/u81w0th741113315/ |accessdate=8 September 2008 |quote= |doi=10.1007/s11199-006-9004-4 |postscript=<!--None--> }}</ref><ref>Brandreth, pp.257-264</ref> The tapes instantly damaged Charles's reputation. Newspapers began publishing articles on how the tapes could remove him from the line of succession and cost him the throne.<ref>Brandreth, p.275</ref> Camilla, on the other hand was in despair, the press besieged her so much, "it was hell for her," said a friend.<ref>Brandreth, p.276</ref> Nevertheless, she and her husband stayed together. Parker Bowles later released a statement assuring family and friends that everything was well between them.<ref name="APB">Brandreth, p.278</ref> His younger brother, Simon, also confirmed by saying, "Both Andrew and Camilla said they will never divorce, and while the relationship is rather eccentric, it appears to work. They get on well."<ref name="APB"/> |
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==Image rehabilitation== |
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In 1994, Charles confirmed in a televised interview with [[Jonathan Dimbleby]] that the relationship between him and Camilla resumed after his marriage had "irretrievably broken down" in 1986.<ref>Dimbleby, p.395</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4252931.stm |title=Q&A: Charles and Camilla |publisher=BBC News |date=22 March 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> He told Dimbleby, "Mrs. Parker Bowles is a great friend of mine...a friend for a very long time. She will continue to be a friend for a long time."<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince of Wales 'mistress' to divorce|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/prince-of-wales-mistress-to-divorce 1567448.html|publisher=Independent u.k|date=11 January 1995|accessdate=6 March 2012|location=London |first=Danny |last=Penman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Glauber|first=Bill|title=Charles, Camilla: Together again?|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-01-11/features/1995011135_1_divorce-prince-charles-charles-and-princess|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|date= 11 January 1995|accessdate=10 March 2012}}</ref> Following this, the Parker Bowleses announced their own divorce the following year, having been living apart for some time,<ref name="Brandreth, p.280"/> and a year later Andrew Parker Bowles married his long-time mistress Rosemary Pitman. The same year Diana gave an interview on the [[BBC]] programme ''[[Panorama]]'', during which she was asked if she thought the relationship between Camilla and the Prince of Wales contributed to the breakdown of their marriage, to which she replied: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded."<ref>[[BBC1]]. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/panorama.html The Panorama interview with the Princess of Wales]. November 1995. Retrieved 26 July 2012</ref> Though Camilla kept a low profile at all times, she became unpopular through this revelation.<ref>See [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/02/10/charles.history/ CNN story "Love spans more than 30 years" claims bread roll pelting.]</ref> |
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===Image rehabilitation=== |
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Following the couples' divorces, Charles stated his relationship with Camilla was, and is, "non-negotiable".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jobson|first=Robert|title=Charles: Camilla is central to my life|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/charles-camilla-is-central-to-my-life-6351682.html|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[Evening Standard]]|date=17 March 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mclaren|first=Leah|title=An honest woman at last?|date=11 May 2002|accessdate=6 March 2012|url=http://mattoid.com/data/People/Camilla_an_honest_woman_at_last.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mcallister|first=J.F.O|title=The 34-Year Courtship|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1027460,00.html|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[Time (magazine){{!}}Time magazine]]|date=13 February 2005}}</ref> |
Following the couples' divorces, Charles stated his relationship with Camilla was, and is, "non-negotiable".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jobson|first=Robert|title=Charles: Camilla is central to my life|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/charles-camilla-is-central-to-my-life-6351682.html|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[Evening Standard]]|date=17 March 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mclaren|first=Leah|title=An honest woman at last?|date=11 May 2002|accessdate=6 March 2012|url=http://mattoid.com/data/People/Camilla_an_honest_woman_at_last.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mcallister|first=J.F.O|title=The 34-Year Courtship|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1027460,00.html|accessdate=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[Time (magazine){{!}}Time magazine]]|date=13 February 2005}}</ref> |
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[[File:Braemargames 2006 08.jpg|thumb|[[Elizabeth II]], accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay, during the 2006 [[Braemar#Braemar Gathering|Braemar Gathering]]]] |
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Charles was aware that the relationship was receiving a lot of negative publicity, and appointed [[Mark Bolland]], recruited by Charles in 1995 to refurbish his own image, to enhance Camilla's image.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Bolland: Marital aide|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/mark-bolland-marital-aide-6149523.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 March 2005|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> Discreetly, Camilla occasionally became Charles's unofficial companion at events. This temporarily ceased when Diana, Princess of Wales, died in August 1997. In 1999, the couple made their first public appearance together at the [[The Ritz London Hotel|Ritz Hotel]] in London where they attended a birthday party. There were about 200 cameramen there to see them together.<ref>{{cite news|last=Archer|first=Peter|title=Together at last; Charles and Camilla side by side for the cameras for the first time.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/TOGETHER+AT+LAST%3b+Charles+and+Camilla+side+by+side+for+the+cameras...-a060485875|accessdate=13 April 2013|newspaper=Evening Telegraph|date=29 January 1999}}</ref> As part of this effort to burnish her reputation, Camilla became the President of the [[National Osteoporosis Society]], which first introduced her to the public.<ref name="Tweedie">{{Cite web|last=Tweedie|first=Neil|title=Charles and Camilla, after Diana|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1483284/Charles-and-Camilla-after-Diana.html|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=11 February 2005|accessdate=16 May 2012}}</ref> In 2000, her status was strengthened when she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Scotland for a series of official engagements.<ref name="Tweedie"/> She later met the Queen, for the first time since the relationship came out, at the 60th birthday party of [[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II of Greece]]. This meeting was seen as an apparent seal of approval by the Queen on Camilla's relationship with Charles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Anderson|first=Deborah|title=Queen's Barbecue date with Camilla; But will this lead to trip down aisle?|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/QUEEN'S+BARBECUE+DATE+WITH+CAMILLA%3b+But+will+this+lead+to+trip+down...-a062486276|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland)|date=4 June 2000|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Queen meets Camilla as relationship thaws|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Queen+meets+Camilla+as+relationship+thaws.-a062488697|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England)|date= 4 June 2000|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> |
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Charles was aware that his relationship with Camilla was receiving a lot of public attention, and appointed [[Mark Bolland]], recruited by Charles in 1995 to refurbish his own image, to enhance Camilla's image.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Bolland: Marital aide|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/mark-bolland-marital-aide-6149523.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 March 2005|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> |
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After an orchestrated series of appearances at public and private venues, the Queen invited Camilla to her [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II|Golden Jubilee]] in 2002. She sat in the [[royal box]] behind the Queen for one of the concerts at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prince pleased with Queen's Camilla invite|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Prince+pleased+with+Queen's+Camilla+invite.-a085872235|work=The free library|publisher=The Birmingham Post (England)|date= 13 May 2002|accessdate=7 May 2012}}</ref> The same year, she received an invitation by the Queen to attend the Queen Mother's funeral.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paterson|first=Billy|title=Queen in invite to Camilla|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Queen+in+invite+to+Camilla.-a084470637|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland)|date=7 April 2002|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kerr|first=Jane (Royal reporter)|title=The Long Goodbye: Camilla will go to funeral|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+LONG+GOODBYE%3a+CAMILLA+WILL+GO+TO+FUNERAL.-a084462615|work=The free library|publisher=The Mirror (London, England)|date= 6 April 2002|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> Camilla commuted between [[Highgrove House]] and her own home on a regular basis. In London, she stayed at [[St James's Palace]], where the staff supposedly curtseyed to her and addressed her as "Ma'am".<ref name="Tweedie"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Summerskill|first=Ben|authorlink=Ben Summerskill|title=The Observer Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2002/jul/14/monarchy.comment|accessdate=26 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=13 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=This marriage was never big enough for the three of us|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/this-marriage-was-never-big-enough-for-the-three-of-us-273633.html|accessdate= 25 October 2012|newspaper=The Times, London|date=11 February 2005}}</ref> At almost all private occasions, she accompanied the Prince of Wales.<ref name="Tweedie"/> She also attended the [[Holyrood House]] garden party and [[Sandringham House]] flower show.<ref name="Tweedie"/><ref>Brandreth, p.296</ref> Though she maintained her residence in [[Wiltshire]], Camilla then moved into Clarence House, the former home of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, which became Charles's household in 2003.<ref>Brandreth, p.297</ref> |
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As part of this effort to burnish her reputation, Camilla became the President of the [[National Osteoporosis Society]], which first introduced her to the public.<ref name="Tweedie"/> |
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In 2004, after Bolland had resigned as the Deputy Private Secretary of the Prince of Wales, he was asked in the press about what Camilla felt about her image; he replied by saying:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjr.org.uk/data/2004/no2_index|title=The Prince and I|first=Mary|last= Riddell |publisher= [[British Journalism Review]]|date=11 July 2011 |accessdate=13 April 2013|archiveurl=http://www.bjr.org.uk/data/2004/no2_riddell| archivedate=13 April 2013| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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In 2000, her status was strengthened when she accompanied the Prince of Wales to [[Scotland]] for a series of official engagements.<ref name="Tweedie"/> She later met the Queen for the first time since the relationship came out at the 60th birthday party of [[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II of Greece]]. This meeting was seen as an apparent seal of approval by the Queen on Camilla's relationship with Charles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Anderson|first=Deborah|title=QUEEN'S BARBECUE DATE WITH CAMILLA; But will this lead to trip down aisle?|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/QUEEN'S+BARBECUE+DATE+WITH+CAMILLA%3b+But+will+this+lead+to+trip+down...-a062486276|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland)|date=4 June 2000|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Queen meets Camilla as relationship thaws|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Queen+meets+Camilla+as+relationship+thaws.-a062488697|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England)|date= 4 June 2000|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> |
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After an orchestrated series of appearances at public and private venues, the Queen invited Camilla to her [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Golden Jubilee]] in 2002. She was seated in the [[royal box]] behind the Queen for one of the concerts at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prince pleased with Queen's Camilla invite|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Prince+pleased+with+Queen's+Camilla+invite.-a085872235|work=The free library|publisher=The Birmingham Post (England)|date= 13 May 2002|accessdate=7 May 2012}}</ref> The same year, she received an invitation by the Queen to attend the Queen Mother's funeral.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paterson|first=Billy|title=Queen in invite to Camilla|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Queen+in+invite+to+Camilla.-a084470637|work=The free library|publisher=Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland)|date=7 April 2002|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kerr|first=Jane (Royal reporter)|title=THE LONG GOODBYE: CAMILLA WILL GO TO FUNERAL|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+LONG+GOODBYE%3a+CAMILLA+WILL+GO+TO+FUNERAL.-a084462615|work=The free library|publisher=The Mirror (London, England)|date= 6 April 2002|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> |
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{{quote|Camilla's a lovely woman – kind and patient. She has no desire to be famous, or popular. What she doesn't want is to be hated. The period when she was demonised and traduced by newspapers was very upsetting for her, and it upset him [Charles] enormously too, because he felt responsible for it. I don't think she'll be anxious about being more in the background than she was. I don't necessarily think there's a deliberate campaign to marginalise her.}} |
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Camilla commuted between [[Highgrove House]] and her own home on a regular basis. In London, she stayed at [[St James's Palace]], where the staff reportedly curtseyed to her and addressed her as 'Ma'am'.<ref name="Tweedie"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Summerskill|first=Ben|authorlink=Ben Summerskill|title=The Observer Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2002/jul/14/monarchy.comment|accessdate=26 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=13 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=This marriage was never big enough for the three of us|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/this-marriage-was-never-big-enough-for-the-three-of-us-273633.html|accessdate= 25 October 2012|newspaper=The Times, London|date=11 February 2005}}</ref> At almost all private occasions, she accompanied the Prince of Wales.<ref name="Tweedie"/> In addition, she attended the [[Holyrood House]] garden party and [[Sandringham House]] flower show occasions. In time, marriage became a viable option for the pair.<ref name="Tweedie">{{Cite web|last=Tweedie|first=Neil|title=Charles and Camilla, after Diana|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1483284/Charles-and-Camilla-after-Diana.html|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=11 February 2005|accessdate=16 May 2012}}</ref> |
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Throughout, the press speculated on when they would announce their engagement. In November 2004, a world exclusive was printed out that Charles had make up his mind to marry Camilla, and the announcement was expected within six months. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' scrutinized it was not going to happen because Charles failed to appear at a party in honour of Camilla's son due to an official engagement, and through that, they suggested he was "backing away from demonstrating unambiguous a support to Camilla."<ref>Brandreth, p.5</ref> Charles and Camilla were later invited to attend the wedding of his godson, Edward Van Cutsem and Tamara Grosvenor, daughter of [[Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster]]. Charles decided to pull out at the last minute due to seating arrangements. He was placed at the front of the cathedral, alongside his family while Camilla was to be cosigned to a pew six rows back on the other side side of the aisle. In addition Charles was expected to enter the catherdral by the west door, with the rest of the royal party, while Camilla was invited to arrive via the north door, along with the other 650 non-royal guests. <ref>Brandreth, p.6</ref> |
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==Engagement and second marriage== |
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The following year, the press coverage got intense, ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' reported that Charles would be making an official visit to the U.S in the autumn and was proposing to take Camilla with him.<ref>Brandreth, p.8</ref> The press then accused Charles on spending on Camilla with public funds. Although it was denied, this received a lot of negative publicity and as a result, an investigation by the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons began probing in Charles' finances about the report.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mcallister|first=J.F.O|title=The 34-Year Courtship|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1027460,00.html|accessdate=30 May 2013|date=13 February 2005|publisher=Time Magazine}}</ref> In February 2005, newspapers including the ''[[The Post, Bristol |Bristol Evening News]]'', which circulates in the area around Highgrove House claimed the wedding was official.<ref name="same"/> |
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{{Main|Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Camilla Parker Bowles}} |
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{{See also|Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles}} |
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On 10 February 2005, Clarence House announced their engagement. A poll came out, conducted by [[YouGov]] on how the public felt; 65 percent of respondents agreed the couple should marry, compared to 40 percent in 1998.<ref name="same">Brandreth, p.9</ref> |
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==Second marriage== |
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===Engagement and wedding=== |
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{{See|Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Camilla Parker Bowles|Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles}} |
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On 10 February 2005, it was announced by [[Clarence House]] that Camilla and the Prince of Wales were engaged; Camilla had been presented with the royal engagement ring that had belonged to [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]. Charles proposed on bended knee.<ref name="Charles and Camilla">{{cite web|last= Sheri Stritof|first=Bob Stritof |title=Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/p/princecharles.htm|work=[[About.com]]|publisher=Marriage Profile|accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref> |
On 10 February 2005, it was announced by [[Clarence House]] that Camilla and the Prince of Wales were engaged; Camilla had been presented with the royal engagement ring that had belonged to [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]. Charles proposed on bended knee.<ref name="Charles and Camilla">{{cite web|last= Sheri Stritof|first=Bob Stritof |title=Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles|url=http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/p/princecharles.htm|work=[[About.com]]|publisher=Marriage Profile|accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref> |
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As he is the future [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]], the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcée was seen as controversial, but with the consent of the Queen, Parliament and the Church of England, the couple were able to wed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prince Charles to marry longtime lover Camilla|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6945019/ns/world_news/t/prince-charles-marry-longtime-lover-camilla/#.T1VpKfF5mK0|publisher=Msnbc World News|date=2/11/2005|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> |
As he is the future [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]], the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcée was seen as controversial, but with the consent of the Queen, Parliament and the Church of England, the couple were able to wed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prince Charles to marry longtime lover Camilla|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6945019/ns/world_news/t/prince-charles-marry-longtime-lover-camilla/#.T1VpKfF5mK0|publisher=Msnbc World News|date=2/11/2005|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> |
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The marriage was to have been on 8 April 2005, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at [[Windsor Castle]], with a subsequent religious blessing at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]]. To conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there. As the Royal Family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages, even just for one year, the location was changed to the town hall at [[Windsor Guildhall]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles, Camilla change wedding plans|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-02-18/news/0502190039_1_charles-and-camilla-windsor-castle-charles-clarence-house|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=18 February 2005|accessdate=30 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Charles and Camilla change wedding venue|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities-news-in-pics/17-02-2005/0/|publisher=Hello Magazine|date=17 February 2005|accessdate=30 March 2012}}</ref> |
The marriage was to have been on 8 April 2005, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at [[Windsor Castle]], with a subsequent religious blessing at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]]. To conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there. As the Royal Family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages, even just for one year, the location was changed to the town hall at [[Windsor Guildhall]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles, Camilla change wedding plans|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-02-18/news/0502190039_1_charles-and-camilla-windsor-castle-charles-clarence-house|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=18 February 2005|accessdate=30 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Charles and Camilla change wedding venue|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities-news-in-pics/17-02-2005/0/|publisher=Hello Magazine|date=17 February 2005|accessdate=30 March 2012}}</ref> |
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On 4 April it was announced that the marriage would be delayed by one day to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dear |first=Paula |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4412347.stm |title=Fans 'panic buy' 8 April mementos |publisher=BBC News |date=5 April 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> Charles's parents |
On 4 April it was announced that the marriage would be delayed by one day to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dear |first=Paula |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4412347.stm |title=Fans 'panic buy' 8 April mementos |publisher=BBC News |date=5 April 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> As Charles's parents could not attend the marriage ceremony (the Queen was unable to attend the remarriage of a divorcee, due to her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4289417.stm |title=Q&A: Queen's wedding decision |publisher=BBC News |date=23 February 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref>), neither did Camilla's father; instead Camilla's son and [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William]] acted as witnesses to the union.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wedding role for William and Tom|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4375143.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=23 March 2005|accessdate=1 May 2012}}</ref> |
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The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did, however, attend the [[service of worship|service]] of [[blessing]], and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle afterwards.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Font size Print E-mail Share Page 1 of 3 By Ellen Crean |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/09/world/main686994.shtml |title=CBS News "Charles and Camilla Finally Wed" |publisher=Cbsnews.com |date=9 April 2005 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> |
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Following the wedding, the couple travelled to the Prince's country home in Scotland, [[Birkhall]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal newlyweds begin honeymoon|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4428737.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=9 April 2005|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> and carried out their first public duties as a couple during their honeymoon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal newlyweds break off honeymoon to meet pupils|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Royal+newlyweds+break+off+honeymoon+to+meet+pupils.-a0131487956|work=The free library|publisher=The Birmingham Post (England)|date=15 April 2005|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> |
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On Charles and Camilla's seventh wedding anniversary, the Queen appointed Camilla to the [[Royal Victorian Order]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Queen makes Camilla a Dame Grand Cross|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17654777|accessdate=21 May 2013|publisher=BBC News|date=8 April 2012}}</ref> |
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==Duchess of Cornwall== |
==Duchess of Cornwall== |
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[[File:Charles Camilla Jamaica 2008.jpg|thumb|The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall in [[Jamaica]], March 2008]] |
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After becoming Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla automatically acquired rank as the second highest female in the [[orders of precedence in the United Kingdom]] (after the Queen), and as typically fifth or sixth in the [[order of precedence|orders of precedence]] of the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, following the Queen, the relevant [[viceroy]], the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed that the Queen altered the royal order of precedence for private occasions, placing Camilla fourth, after the Queen, the [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]], and [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Davies|first = Caroline|date = 24 December 2005|title = First royal Sandringham Christmas for Camilla|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1506237/First-royal-Sandringham-Christmas-for-Camilla.html|accessdate =14 January 2009|postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last = Eden|first = Richard|date = 24 June 2012|title = The Queen tells the Duchess of Cambridge to curtsy to the 'blood princesses'|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/9351571/The-Queen-tells-the-Duchess-of-Cambridge-to-curtsy-to-the-blood-princesses.html|accessdate =26 July 2012|postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Within two years of the marriage, the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the Royal Family; use of a [[tiara]] of the Queen Mother<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/royal_family/Royal+News+Duchess+of+Cornwall+wears+Queen+Mothers+Tiara-14899.html |title=Duchess of Cornwall wears Queen Mother's Tiara |publisher=Femalefirst.co.uk |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> and the [[badge]] of the [[Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>Brandreth, p.316</ref> |
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After becoming Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla automatically acquired rank as the second highest female in the [[United Kingdom Order of Precedence]] (after the Queen), and as typically fifth or sixth in the [[order of precedence|orders of precedence]] of her other realms, following the Queen, the relevant [[viceroy]], the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed that the Queen altered the royal order of precedence for private occasions, placing Camilla fourth, after the Queen, the [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]], and [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Davies|first = Caroline|date = 24 December 2005|title = First royal Sandringham Christmas for Camilla|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1506237/First-royal-Sandringham-Christmas-for-Camilla.html|accessdate =14 January 2009|postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last = Eden|first = Richard|date = 24 June 2012|title = The Queen tells the Duchess of Cambridge to curtsy to the 'blood princesses'|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/9351571/The-Queen-tells-the-Duchess-of-Cambridge-to-curtsy-to-the-blood-princesses.html|accessdate =26 July 2012|postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Within two years of the marriage, the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the Royal Family; use of a [[tiara]] of the Queen Mother<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/royal_family/Royal+News+Duchess+of+Cornwall+wears+Queen+Mothers+Tiara-14899.html |title=Duchess of Cornwall wears Queen Mother's Tiara |publisher=Femalefirst.co.uk |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> and the [[badge]] of the [[Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II]]. |
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Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that the Duchess had undergone a [[hysterectomy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6418201.stm |title=Charles sees Camilla in hospital |publisher=BBC News |date=5 March 2007 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> According to an announcement by [[Clarence House]], it was the Duchess's intent to attend the anniversary memorial service for Diana, Princess of Wales, on 31 August 2007, along with her husband and stepsons. She withdrew from attending, stating that she wished not to "divert attention from the purpose of the occasion which is to focus on the life and service of Diana".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/News/Articles/Camilla-swerves-Diana-tribute.html |title= Camilla swerves Diana tribute |publisher=Itv.com |accessdate=27 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref> On 8 April 2010, the Duchess broke her left leg while hill walking in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Camilla-Breaks-Her-Leg-Duchess-Of-Cornwall-Has-Twisted-Break-Of-Fibula-In-Scotland/Article/201004215597585?lpos=UK_News_News_Your_Way_Region_3&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15597585_Camilla_Breaks_Her_Leg%3A_Duchess_Of_Cornwall_Has_Twisted_Break_Of_Fibula_In_Scotland|title=Camilla Breaks A Leg But Says 'Life Goes On'|work=[[British Sky Broadcasting]]|accessdate=19 November 2010}}</ref> Despite the injury, she carried out all her official engagements which were scheduled for that month.<ref>{{cite web|title=Camilla cheerful despite broken leg|url=http://news.uk.msn.com/uk/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=152955747|work=msn|date=9 April 2010|accessdate=16 September 2012}}</ref> |
Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that the Duchess had undergone a [[hysterectomy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6418201.stm |title=Charles sees Camilla in hospital |publisher=BBC News |date=5 March 2007 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> According to an announcement by [[Clarence House]], it was the Duchess's intent to attend the anniversary memorial service for Diana, Princess of Wales, on 31 August 2007, along with her husband and stepsons. She withdrew from attending, stating that she wished not to "divert attention from the purpose of the occasion which is to focus on the life and service of Diana".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/News/Articles/Camilla-swerves-Diana-tribute.html |title= Camilla swerves Diana tribute |publisher=Itv.com |accessdate=27 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref> On 8 April 2010, the Duchess broke her left leg while hill walking in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Camilla-Breaks-Her-Leg-Duchess-Of-Cornwall-Has-Twisted-Break-Of-Fibula-In-Scotland/Article/201004215597585?lpos=UK_News_News_Your_Way_Region_3&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15597585_Camilla_Breaks_Her_Leg%3A_Duchess_Of_Cornwall_Has_Twisted_Break_Of_Fibula_In_Scotland|title=Camilla Breaks A Leg But Says 'Life Goes On'|work=[[British Sky Broadcasting]]|accessdate=19 November 2010}}</ref> Despite the injury, she carried out all her official engagements which were scheduled for that month.<ref>{{cite web|title=Camilla cheerful despite broken leg|url=http://news.uk.msn.com/uk/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=152955747|work=msn|date=9 April 2010|accessdate=16 September 2012}}</ref> |
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In November 2010, the Duchess and her husband were indirectly involved in the [[2010 UK student protests|2010 British student protests]] when their car was attacked by protesters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles, Camilla's Car Attacked By Student Protesters in London|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/09/prince-charles-and-camill_n_794574.html#s203450|accessdate=8 October 2012|newspaper=[[huffingtonpost]]|date=9 December 2010}}</ref> She was physically attacked when a rioter managed to push a stick into the royal limousine and jab her in the ribs.<ref>{{ |
In November 2010, the Duchess and her husband were indirectly involved in the [[2010 UK student protests|2010 British student protests]] when their car was attacked by protesters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles, Camilla's Car Attacked By Student Protesters in London|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/09/prince-charles-and-camill_n_794574.html#s203450|accessdate=8 October 2012|newspaper=[[huffingtonpost]]|date=9 December 2010}}</ref> She was physically attacked when a rioter managed to push a stick into the royal limousine and jab her in the ribs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11954333 |title=Royal car attacked in protest after MPs' fee vote |publisher=BBC News |date= 10 December 2010|accessdate=10 December 2010}}</ref> [[Clarence House]] later released a statement on the incident, "A car carrying Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall was attacked by protesters but the couple were unharmed."<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles and Duchess of Cornwall unhurt in attack|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11965454|accessdate=16 September 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=9 December 2010}}</ref> |
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The Duchess was a prominent participant in the celebrations for the [[Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II]] during the extended weekend of 2–5 June 2012, especially following the absence of [[the Duke of Edinburgh]] owing to ill health on 4–5 June. She stood next to the Queen during the speech by [[the Prince of Wales]] at the conclusion of the [[Diamond Jubilee Concert]] and was seated next to the Queen the following day in the carriage procession from [[Westminster]] to [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18327711 Diamond Jubilee: flypast brings celebrations to an end] BBC News. Retrieved 5 June 2012.</ref> |
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===Royal duties=== |
===Royal duties=== |
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[[File:FEMA - 18574 - Photograph by Robert Kaufmann taken on 11-05-2005 in Louisiana.jpg|thumb|left|Prince Charles and Camilla are greeted by [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] officials as they arrive to tour the |
[[File:FEMA - 18574 - Photograph by Robert Kaufmann taken on 11-05-2005 in Louisiana.jpg|thumb|left|[[Prince Charles]] and Camilla are greeted by [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] officials as they arrive to tour the damages created by [[Hurricane Katrina]] in [[New Orleans]], November 2005]] |
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Initially, Camilla's royal duties involved accompanying the Prince of Wales on his official obligations |
Initially, Camilla's royal duties involved accompanying the Prince of Wales on his official obligations. |
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The Duchess made her [[inaugural]] overseas tour, to the United States, in November 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charles and Camilla begin US tour|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4394934.stm|accessdate=15 September 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 November 2005}}</ref> During their tour in the United States, they met President [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] at the White |
The Duchess made her [[inaugural]] overseas tour, to the [[United States]], in November 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charles and Camilla begin US tour|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4394934.stm|accessdate=15 September 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 November 2005}}</ref> During their tour in the United States, they met with President [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] at the White house. Afterward they visited [[New Orleans]] to see the aftermath of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and met with a few of the hundreds of thousands of residents whose lives were turned upside-down by the Hurricane.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Charles, Camilla see Katrina's aftermath|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-11-04-royalsvisitneworleans_x.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|date=4 November 2005|accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> Following the 7 July 2005 [[London]] bombings, the Duchess and the Prince visited victims of the attack at [[St Mary's Hospital, London|St Mary's Hospital]] in [[Paddington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles and Camilla lead way as royals visit blast victims|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2005/07/08/charlescamilla/|publisher=Hello magazine|date=8 July 2005|accessdate=4 May 2012}}</ref> In March 2006, the couple undertook official visits to [[Egypt]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal couple set for foreign tour|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4821878.stm|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=19 March 2006|date=19 March 2006}}</ref> |
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In early 2010, they undertook an official visit to [[Hungary]], the [[Czech Republic]] and Poland.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to undertake a tour of Central Europe|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_undertake_1636267035.html|date=11 February 2010|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref> In October 2010, Camilla accompanied the Prince of Wales to [[Delhi]], India, for the opening of the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TRH to attend the opening of the Commonwealth Games in India|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/trh_to_attend_the_opening_of_the_commonwealth_games_in_india_1795146734.html|date=21 September 2010|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> |
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In November 2007, the Duchess toured with the Prince of Wales on a four-day visit to [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TRH to visit Turkey|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/trh_to_visit_turkey_1341469672.html|publisher=The Prince of Wales-Press release|date=10 October 2007|accessdate=5 January 2012}}</ref> In 2008, she joined the Prince of Wales to tour the [[Caribbean]], |
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[[File:Official opening of the Fourth Assembly, June 7 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the National Assembly building, [[Cardiff]], Wales. From left to right: [[Carwyn Jones]] (First Minister of Wales), the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, the Queen and [[Rosemary Butler]] (Presiding officer of the National Assembly), 7 June 2011.]] |
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[[Japan]], [[Brunei]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to go on a tour of East Asia|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_go_on_a_t_1836970174.html|date=6 October 2008|accessdate=5 January 2012 }}</ref> 2009 was a busy year for Camilla. With the Prince of Wales they embarked on a tour of [[Chile]], [[Brazil]], [[Ecuador]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Royals set for Chilean visit|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hJVRxJlnw0srQTmNq0LfFjvzpoww|publisher=SANTIAGO (AFP)|date= 7 March 2009|accessdate=5 January 2012}}</ref> |
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[[Italy]] and [[Germany]]. Their visit to the [[Holy See]] included a private audience with [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TRH to visit Italy, The Holy See and Germany|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/trh_to_visit_italy_the_holy_see_and_germany_1391592929.html| publisher=Prince of wales-press release|date=2 April 2009|accessdate=11 January 2012}}</ref> The Pope presented them with an honorary medal and drawing of the [[St Peter's Basilica]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Charles and Camilla meet the Pope|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8019885.stm|accessdate=17 September 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=27 April 2009}}</ref> In November 2009, they visited [[Canada]]. The [[Canadian]] tour was highly-publicized. |
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In early 2010, they undertook an official visit to [[Hungary]], the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to undertake a tour of Central Europe|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_undertake_1636267035.html|date=11 February 2010|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref> In October 2010, Camilla accompanied the Prince of Wales to [[Delhi]], [[India]] for the opening of the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TRH to attend the opening of the Commonwealth Games in India|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/trh_to_attend_the_opening_of_the_commonwealth_games_in_india_1795146734.html|date=21 September 2010|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> |
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[[File:Official opening of the Fourth Assembly, June 7 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the National Assembly building, [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]. From left to right: [[Carwyn Jones]] (First Minister of Wales), the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] and [[Rosemary Butler]] (Presiding officer of the National Assembly for [[Wales]]), 7 June 2011.]] |
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In March 2011, the Duchess and Prince of Wales undertook official visits to Portugal, Spain and Morocco.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall to visit Morocco|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12736258|publisher=BBC News|date=14 March 2011|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> The tour began in [[Lisbon]], Portugal, where among other engagements Prince Charles and Camilla celebrated long-standing co-operation between the Portuguese and British navies, supported British trade and investment opportunities and highlighted the work of the substantial resident British community. The President of Portugal later hosted an official dinner to welcome them. In Spain, Camilla and Charles were received in [[Madrid]] by the Prince and Princess of [[Asturias]]. They attended an official dinner at the Royal Palace having lunch with the King and Queen of Spain. The spring tour finished in Morocco. In [[Rabat]], they were guests of the King of Morocco, and attended an official dinner.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall to visit Portugal, Spain and Morocco|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_visit_por_1888445712.html}}</ref> |
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In March 2011, the Duchess went with the Prince of Wales to undertake official visits in [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and [[Morocco]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall to visit Morocco|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12736258|publisher=BBC News|date=14 March 2011|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> The tour began in [[Lisbon]], Portugal, where among other engagements Prince Charles Camilla celebrated long-standing co-operation between the Portuguese and British navies, supported British trade and investment opportunities and highlighted the work of the substantial resident British community. The President of Portugal later hosted an official dinner to welcome them. In Spain, Camilla and Charles were received in [[Madrid]] by the Prince and Princess of [[Asturias]]. They attended an official dinner at the Royal Palace having lunch with the King and Queen of Spain. The Spring Tour finished in Morocco. In [[Rabat]], they were guests of the King of Morocco, who received them for a meeting and an official dinner.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall to visit Portugal, Spain and Morocco|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_visit_por_1888445712.html}}</ref> |
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Camilla attended the 10th anniversary of the 11 September 2001 attacks along with the Prince of Wales and the Prime Minister, [[David Cameron]], on 11 September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=9/11 Anniversary|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/september-11-attacks/8756458/911-anniversary-I-share-your-pain-Prince-of-Wales-tells-families-of-UK-dead.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=11 September 2011|accessdate=11 September 2011|location=London}}</ref> |
Camilla attended the 10th anniversary of the 11 September 2001 attacks along with the Prince of Wales and the Prime Minister, [[David Cameron]], on 11 September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=9/11 Anniversary|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/september-11-attacks/8756458/911-anniversary-I-share-your-pain-Prince-of-Wales-tells-families-of-UK-dead.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=11 September 2011|accessdate=11 September 2011|location=London}}</ref> |
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In August 2011, the Duchess accompanied the Prince of Wales to [[Tottenham]], breaking off their |
In August 2011, the Duchess accompanied the Prince of Wales to [[Tottenham]], breaking off their holidays to show solidarity with the deprived north [[London]] community scarred by violence in the riots.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prince Charles visits riot-hit London community|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2011/08/17/prince-charles-visits-riot-hit-london-community|publisher=Time Live|date= 17 August 2011|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=London riots: Charles and Camilla hear Victims Tales|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-14560087|publisher=BBC news|date=17 August 2011|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref> The couple surprised [[Tottenham]] shoppers in February 2012 as they visited businesses targeted in August's Riots to see how they were recovering on the London-riots anniversary.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lamdem|first=Tim|title=London Riots Anniversary: Prince Charles and Camilla return to Tottenham|url=http://www.tottenhamjournal.co.uk/news/london_riots_anniversary_prince_charles_and_camilla_return_to_tottenham_1_1204908|publisher=Tottenham and Wood Green Journal|date=10 February 2012|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> |
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In November 2011, Camilla undertook official visits with the Prince of Wales to [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]] |
In November 2011, Camilla undertook official visits with the Prince of Wales to tour Commonwealth and [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]]. They toured in [[South Africa]] and [[Tanzania]] and met with President [[Jacob Zuma]] and President [[Jakaya Kikwete]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to tour Commonwealth and Gulf Countries|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_tour_comm_1552350683.html|date=12 October 2011|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> |
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[[File:Duchess of Cornwall |
[[File:Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Cambridge & Prince Harry.JPG|thumb|left|The Duchess of Cornwall with [[Prince Harry of Wales|Prince Harry]] and [[Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge]] during the [[Trooping the Colour]] procession along the Mall, June 2012]] |
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From 20 to 27 March 2012, the Duchess and the Prince undertook official visits to [[Norway]], [[Sweden]] and [[Denmark]] to mark the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to visit Norway, Sweden and Denmark|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_visit_nor_1023775372.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=20 February 2012|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, the royal couple undertook a four-day trip to [[Canada]] as part of the Jubilee celebrations. Highlights of the tour included the celebration of [[Victoria Day]] which took place on 21 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall arrive in Canada to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_arrive_in_ca_895370068.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=20 May 2012|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref> In November 2012, the Duchess and the Prince of Wales visited [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Papua New Guinea]] for a two-week Diamond Jubilee tour.<ref>{{cite news|last=Puente|first=Maria|title=Prince Charles and Camilla head Down Under for tour|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2012/11/02/prince-charles-camilla-down-under-diamond-jubilee-tour/1677683/|accessdate=13 November 2012|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=2 November 2012}}</ref> During the Australian tour, they attended the [[2012 Melbourne Cup]], where the Duchess presented the Melbourne cup to the winner of the race.<ref>{{cite news|title=Camilla to present Melbourne Cup|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-06/royal-couple-in-melbourne-for-cup-festivities/4354962|accessdate=13 November 2012|newspaper=ABC News|date=6 November 2012}}</ref> |
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From 20 to 27 March 2012, the Duchess and Prince undertook official visits to Norway, Sweden and Denmark to mark the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to visit Norway, Sweden and Denmark|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_to_visit_nor_1023775372.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=20 February 2012|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, the royal couple undertook a four-day trip to [[Canada]] as part of the Jubilee celebrations. Highlights of the tour included the celebration of [[Victoria Day]], which took place on 21 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall arrive in Canada to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_prince_of_wales_and_the_duchess_of_cornwall_arrive_in_ca_895370068.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=20 May 2012|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref> In November 2012, the Duchess and the Prince of Wales visited [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Papua New Guinea]] for a two-week Diamond Jubilee tour.<ref>{{cite news|last=Puente|first=Maria|title=Prince Charles and Camilla head Down Under for tour|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2012/11/02/prince-charles-camilla-down-under-diamond-jubilee-tour/1677683/|accessdate=13 November 2012|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=2 November 2012}}</ref> During the Australian tour, they attended the [[2012 Melbourne Cup]], where the Duchess presented the trophy to the winner of the race.<ref>{{cite news|title=Camilla to present Melbourne Cup|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-06/royal-couple-in-melbourne-for-cup-festivities/4354962|accessdate=13 November 2012|newspaper=ABC News|date=6 November 2012}}</ref> |
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Camilla's first solo engagement was a visit to a hospital in [[Southampton]]; she attended the [[Trooping the Colour]] for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of [[Buckingham Palace]] afterwards. She conducted the [[Ship naming and launching|naming ceremony]] for [[HMS Astute (S119)|HMS ''Astute'']] on 8 June 2007, and, on 10 December, she did the same for the new [[Cunard Line|Cunard]] [[cruise ship]], [[MS Queen Victoria|MS ''Queen Victoria'']],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cunard.com/AboutCunard/NewsReleases.asp?Cat=&View=ViewArticle&Mode=News&ContentID=6779&Active=News |title=Cunard Line: ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess Of Cornwall To Name Cunard's New Queen Victoria''; 10 September 2007 |publisher=Cunard.com |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> it being said that the Queen had been surprised by Cunard's invitation. In May 2011, she attended the [[Classic Brit Awards]] and honoured James Bond composer and Oscar-winner [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] with a [[posthumous award]] for his outstanding contribution to music.<ref>{{cite news|title=James Bond composer John Barry honoured by Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/8511253/James-Bond-composer-John-Barry-honoured-by-Duchess-of-Cornwall.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=13 May 2011|accessdate=5 March 2012|location=London}}</ref> |
Camilla's first solo engagement was a visit to a hospital in [[Southampton]]; she attended the [[Trooping the Colour]] for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of [[Buckingham Palace]] afterwards. She conducted the [[Ship naming and launching|naming ceremony]] for [[HMS Astute (S119)|HMS ''Astute'']] on 8 June 2007, and, on 10 December, she did the same for the new [[Cunard Line|Cunard]] [[cruise ship]], [[MS Queen Victoria|MS ''Queen Victoria'']],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cunard.com/AboutCunard/NewsReleases.asp?Cat=&View=ViewArticle&Mode=News&ContentID=6779&Active=News |title=Cunard Line: ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess Of Cornwall To Name Cunard's New Queen Victoria''; 10 September 2007 |publisher=Cunard.com |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> it being said that the Queen had been surprised by Cunard's invitation. In May 2011, she attended the [[Classic Brit Awards]] and honoured James Bond composer and Oscar-winner [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] with a [[posthumous award]] for his outstanding contribution to music.<ref>{{cite news|title=James Bond composer John Barry honoured by Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/8511253/James-Bond-composer-John-Barry-honoured-by-Duchess-of-Cornwall.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=13 May 2011|accessdate=5 March 2012|location=London}}</ref> |
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In June 2011, Camilla alone represented the British royal family at the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships|125th Wimbledon Tennis Championships]] in [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Duchess of Cornwall attends the 125th Wimbledon Championships|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_duchess_of_cornwall_attends_the_125th_wimbledon_champion_5946093.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=22 June 2011|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> |
In June 2011, Camilla alone represented the British royal family at the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships|125th Wimbledon Tennis Championships]] in [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Duchess of Cornwall attends the 125th Wimbledon Championships|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_duchess_of_cornwall_attends_the_125th_wimbledon_champion_5946093.html|publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=22 June 2011|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> From 4 to 5 April 2012, the duchess took a trip to [[Woolton]] in [[Liverpool]] to officially open the Diamond Jubilee Gates at [[Reynolds Park]]. She later visited the Beatles Story exhibition to mark the 50th Anniversary of [[The Beatles]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Manning|first=Craig|title=Duchess of Cornwall visits Wirral|url=http://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/9631934.Duchess_of_Cornwall_visits_Wirral/|work=News|publisher=Wirral Globe|date=4 April 2012|accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ComentarDay tripper Camilla relives Beatlemania and the swinging Sixties|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/201204057677/camilla-beatles-anniversary/|work=Royalty and Statesmen|publisher=Hello Magazine|date=5 April 2012|accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Duchess of Cornwall visits Liverpool|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/the_duchess_of_cornwall_visits_liverpool_1609965059.html|publisher=pinceofwales.gov.uk|date=4 April 2012|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> |
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In 2013, she attended the [[State Opening of Parliament]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Queen's Speech: Prince Charles attends State Opening of Parliament|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10043669/Queens-Speech-Prince-Charles-attends-State-Opening-of-Parliament.html|accessdate=14 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=8 May 2013}}</ref> She and Prince Charles attended the enthronement of [[King Willem Alexander]] and [[Queen Maxima]] of the Netherlands in April of 2013. |
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===Patronages |
===Patronages=== |
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[[File:Duchess of Cornwall in car.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The Duchess of Cornwall being driven away from [[St Paul's Cathedral]] during the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Diamond Jubilee celebrations]], 5 June 2012.]] |
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The Duchess is the [[Patronage|Patron]] of [[The Royal School, Hampstead]], an independent girls' school,<ref>[http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/content/camden/hamhigh/news/story.aspx?brand=NorthLondon24&category=Newshamhigh&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newshamhigh&itemid=WeED25%20Feb%202009%2016%3A30%3A25%3A513 "Camilla on royal visit at Hampstead school"], Hampstead and Highgate Express, 25 February 2009.</ref> Patron of Animal Care Trust (Under the umbrella of the [[Royal Veterinary College]]),<ref name="Charities"/> Patron of The [[Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall,) Proud to be Patron of Podiatry|url=http://www.podiatrym.com/search3.cfm?id=19677|work=www.podiatrym.com|date=8 February 2008|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> Patron of [[Unicorn Theatre]] for Children, Patron of [[Cornwall]] Community Foundation, Patron of Wiltshire Bobby van Trust, Patron of Youth Action [[Wiltshire]], Patron of New Queen's Hall [[Orchestra]], Patron of [[St John's Smith Square]], Patron of [[London Chamber Orchestra]], Patron of [[Georgian Theatre Royal]], Richmond (a Joint Patron with the Prince of Wales), President of [[Scotland]]'s Gardens Scheme, President of [[National Osteoporosis Society]] (First Charity to be given the role), Patron of the Cornish Air [[Ambulance]] Service, Patron of [[The Girls' Friendly Society]], Patron of the [[National Literacy Trust]], Patron of [[Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre]], Patron of [[Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases]], Patron of [[Plumpton College]] Charitable Foundation, as well as President or Patron of other charities.<ref name="Charities">{{cite web|title=Charities and Patronages|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theduchessofcornwall/atwork/charitiesandpatronages/|work=www.princeofwales.gov.uk|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> |
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Camilla is the honorary [[Commodore-in-Chief]] of the [[Royal Navy Medical Service]]. In this role she visited [[Whale Island, Hampshire|the training-ship HMS ''Excellent'']] in January 2012, to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-16752091 | work=BBC News | title=Duchess of Cornwall presents medals to navy medics | date=27 January 2012}}</ref> |
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The Duchess’s patronages and charity work is varied with numerous themes including animal welfare, promoting literacy, health and well-being, heritage and the arts, helping those in need and Cornwall-based charities. |
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In March 2012, the Duchess became the Patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch (BJL), in which communities across the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Commonwealth realms]] held lunches including street parties, garden gatherings and [[picnic]]s on 3 June 2012, as part of the Queen’s [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Diamond Jubilee]] celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Duchess of Cornwall becomes Patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/the_duchess_of_cornwall_becomes_patron_of_the_big_jubilee_lu_945935054.html|publisher=Prince of Wales.gov.uk|date=15 March 2012|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> |
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She is the [[Patronage|patron]] of [[The Royal School, Hampstead]] (an independent girls' school),<ref>[http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/content/camden/hamhigh/news/story.aspx?brand=NorthLondon24&category=Newshamhigh&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newshamhigh&itemid=WeED25%20Feb%202009%2016%3A30%3A25%3A513 "Camilla on royal visit at Hampstead school"], Hampstead and Highgate Express, 25 February 2009.</ref> Animal Care Trust (under the umbrella of the [[Royal Veterinary College]]),<ref name="Charities"/> [[Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall,) Proud to be Patron of Podiatry|url=http://www.podiatrym.com/search3.cfm?id=19677|work=podiatrym.com|date=8 February 2008|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> [[Unicorn Theatre]] for Children, Cornwall Community Foundation, Cornish Air [[Ambulance]] Service, [[The London Library]], Youth Action Wiltshire, [[The Girls' Friendly Society]], [[National Literacy Trust]], Wiltshire Bobby Van Trust, [[Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre]], [[Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases]], [[Plumpton College]] Charitable Foundation, [[Elmhurst School for Dance]], [[Honourable Society of Gray's Inn]], the Girl's Brigade in Scotland, [[St John's Hospital, Bath|St John's Hospital]], New Queen's Hall Orchestra, [[St John's Smith Square]], [[London Chamber Orchestra]], the [[Fan Museum]] and [[Georgian Theatre Royal]], Richmond (jointly with the Prince of Wales). She is the president of Scotland's Gardens Scheme, the United Kingdom Vineyards Association, and the [[National Osteoporosis Society]] (the first charity with which she was officially associated), as well as president or patron of other charities.<ref name="Charities">{{cite web|title=Charities and Patronages|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theduchessofcornwall/atwork/charitiesandpatronages/|work=princeofwales.gov.uk|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> |
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In February 2013, she was appointed Chancellor of the [[University of Aberdeen]]. A role which is ceremonial and will involve confering graduates with their degrees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Duchess of Cornwall elected as university chancellor|url=http://m.guardiannews.com/uk/2013/feb/15/duchess-of-cornwall-university-chancellor|work=The Guardian|date=15 February 2013|accessdate=10 March 2013}}</ref> |
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Camilla is the honorary [[Commodore-in-Chief]] of the [[Royal Navy Medical Service]]. In this role she visited [[Whale Island, Hampshire|the training-ship HMS ''Excellent'']] in January 2012, to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-16752091 | work=BBC News | title=Duchess of Cornwall presents medals to navy medics | date=27 January 2012}}</ref> In March 2012, the Duchess became the patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch (BJL), in which communities across the Commonwealth held lunches including street parties, garden gatherings and picnics on 3 June 2012, as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Duchess of Cornwall becomes Patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/the_duchess_of_cornwall_becomes_patron_of_the_big_jubilee_lu_945935054.html|publisher=Prince of Wales.gov.uk|date=15 March 2012|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref> In 2013, she was appointed Chancellor of the [[University of Aberdeen]], a role which is ceremonial and will involve conferring graduates with their degrees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Duchess of Cornwall elected as university chancellor|url=http://m.guardiannews.com/uk/2013/feb/15/duchess-of-cornwall-university-chancellor|work=The Guardian|date=15 February 2013|accessdate=10 March 2013}}</ref> From May 27 to May 28 2013, Camilla embarked on her first solo overseas engagement to Paris in association with her charity [[Emmaus UK]]. She traveled to visit the Emmaus's work with former homeless people in the city. While there she also gave a speech in French on the charity.<ref name="Emmaus">{{cite news|title=Day 1: The Duchess of Cornwall visits Paris|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/day-1-the-duchess-of-cornwall-visits-paris|accessdate=30 May 2013|newspaper=princeofwales.gov.uk|date=27 May 2013}}</ref> |
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For years, she has advocated for help for sexual assault and rape victims to overcome and move past their trauma. She has spoken to victims at a [[rape crisis centre]] in [[Croydon]] and often visits other centers to meet with victims getting help.<ref name="Charities"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Low|first=Valentine|title=Camilla takes leading role in fight to help rape victims|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article3675617.ece|accessdate=22 April 2013|newspaper=The Times|date=2 February 2013}}</ref> |
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==Titles, styles, honours and arms== |
==Titles, styles, honours and arms== |
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===Titles and styles=== |
===Titles and styles=== |
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{{Infobox British Royalty styles|own |
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| name = The Duchess of Cornwall |
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| image = Arms of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.svg |
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| dipstyle = [[Royal Highness|Her Royal Highness]] |
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| offstyle = Your Royal Highness |
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| altstyle = Ma'am |
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}} |
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* '''17 July 1947{{spaced ndash}}4 July 1973''': ''Miss'' Camilla Rosemary Shand |
* '''17 July 1947{{spaced ndash}}4 July 1973''': ''Miss'' Camilla Rosemary Shand |
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* '''4 July 1973{{spaced ndash}}3 March 1995''': ''Mrs'' Andrew Parker Bowles |
* '''4 July 1973{{spaced ndash}}3 March 1995''': ''Mrs'' Andrew Parker Bowles |
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Camilla's title and style in full: ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order''.<ref name="title2"/> |
Camilla's title and style in full: ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order''.<ref name="title2"/> |
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Because the title |
Because the title 'Princess of Wales' became strongly associated with the previous holder of that title, [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], Camilla has adopted the feminine form of her husband's highest-ranking subsidiary title, [[Duke of Cornwall]].<ref name="title2"/> Unless any specific Act of Parliament is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (and other Commonwealth States) to the contrary, if Prince Charles becomes King<!--not "King Charles III", since it matters not which title he chooses-->, she can assume by courtesy the style of "Queen Camilla".<ref>{{Cite document |title=Camilla can legally be queen|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=24 May 2009 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2005/03/21/camilla-queen050321.html |postscript=<!--None--> }}</ref><ref>{{Cite document|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article514274.ece/ |title=Camilla might still become Queen|work=The Times |location=UK |accessdate=24 May 2009 |postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> However, continued controversy about her ascendence raised the continuing likelihood that she might retain a [[morganatic marriage|morganatic]] style, albeit by courtesy—she would always be entitled to the rank and style of her husband.<ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/announcement_of_the_marriage_of_hrh_the_prince_of_wales_and__167.html Clarence House press release], 10 February 2005</ref> Clarence House stated that when Charles becomes King, Camilla will adopt the unprecedented style of [[Princess Consort]], similar to the style of [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]. This is not the same usage as her father-in-law, the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]], who does not hold the title of ''Prince Consort''. |
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===Honours=== |
===Honours=== |
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[[File:Royal Monogram of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.svg|thumb|right|100px|Royal Monogram]] |
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''See also [[List of honours of the British Royal Family by country]]'' |
''See also [[List of honours of the British Royal Family by country]]'' |
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* [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png|40px]] '''30 October 2007''': [[Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II|Member of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II]] |
* [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png|40px]] '''30 October 2007''': [[Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II|Member of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II]] |
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* [[Image:Ord.Victoriano.jpg|40px]] '''9 April 2012''': [[Royal Victorian Order|Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO)<ref>{{Cite press release| title=The Duchess of Cornwall appointed to the Royal Victorian Order| publisher=Queen's Printer| date=9 April 2012| url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2012/TheDuchessofCornwallRoyalVictorianOrder.aspx| accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> |
* [[Image:Ord.Victoriano.jpg|40px]] '''9 April 2012''': [[Royal Victorian Order|Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO)<ref>{{Cite press release| title=The Duchess of Cornwall appointed to the Royal Victorian Order| publisher=Queen's Printer| date=9 April 2012| url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2012/TheDuchessofCornwallRoyalVictorianOrder.aspx| accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[File:Order of the Star of Melanesia.png|40px]] '''3 November 2012''': [[Papua New Guinea honours system#Order of the Star of Melanesia|Companion of the Order of the Star of Melanesia]] (CSM)<ref>{{Cite |
* [[File:Order of the Star of Melanesia.png|40px]] '''3 November 2012''': [[Papua New Guinea honours system#Order of the Star of Melanesia|Companion of the Order of the Star of Melanesia]] (CSM)<ref>{{Cite News| title=Diamond Jubilee: Charles and Camilla on Papua New Guinea tour| publisher=BBC| date=3 November 2012| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20191561}}</ref> |
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====Medals==== |
====Medals==== |
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* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Commodore-in-Chief of the Naval Medical Services <!-- 2006 --> |
* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Commodore-in-Chief of the Naval Medical Services <!-- 2006 --> |
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* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Commodore-in-Chief Naval Chaplaincy Service <!-- 2009 --> |
* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Commodore-in-Chief Naval Chaplaincy Service <!-- 2009 --> |
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* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Lady sponsor of HMS ''Astute''<ref>{{Cite |
* {{flagicon|UK|naval}}: Lady sponsor of HMS ''Astute''<ref>{{Cite document| url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theduchessofcornwall/atwork/armedservices/index.html| title=The Prince of Wales > Personal Profiles > The Duchess of Cornwall > At Work > Armed Services| publisher=Clarence House| accessdate=24 October 2008| postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> <!-- 2007 --> |
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===Arms=== |
===Arms=== |
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==Ancestry== |
==Ancestry== |
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[[File:The Prince Charles.jpg|thumb|left|Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall lookout with [[Trinidad and Tobago]] Foreign Affairs Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon, 13 March 2008.]] |
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According to [[genealogist]] [[William Addams Reitwiesner]], Camilla’s ancestry is predominantly French, English, Dutch, and Scottish.<ref name="Reitwiesner">{{cite web|last=Reitwiesner|first=William Addams|title=The ancestry of HRH The Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.wargs.com/royal/camilla.html|accessdate=13 September 2012}}</ref> |
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[[File:Royal Visit Dundurn Castle Balcony crop 2.JPG|thumb|right|[[Charles, Prince of Wales|The Prince of Wales]] and The Duchess of Cornwall at [[Dundurn Castle]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], 5 November 2009]] |
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According to [[genealogist]] [[William Addams Reitwiesner]], the Duchess of Cornwall's ancestry is predominantly French, English, Dutch, and Scottish.<ref name="Reitwiesner">{{cite web|last=Reitwiesner|first=William Addams|title=The ancestry of HRH The Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.wargs.com/royal/camilla.html|accessdate=13 September 2012}}</ref> |
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Through her French lineage, Camilla's maternal line great-great-grandmother was Sophia Mary MacNab of [[Hamilton, Ontario]], who was the descendant of 17th century immigrants to [[Quebec]], and the daughter of Sir [[Allan MacNab]], who was the Prime Minister of the Province of Canada before Confederation. Sophia was also the wife of [[William Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle|William Coutts Keppel, Earl of Albemarle]].<ref name="Duchess of Cornwall"/> Their son, George, was husband to [[Alice Keppel|Alice Edmonstone]], who was the mistress of [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]], the great-great-grandfather of Prince Charles.<ref name="Duchess of Cornwall">{{cite web|title=Camilla, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.perche-quebec.com/files/camilla/individus/camilla_en.htm|publisher=www.perche-quebec.com}}</ref> |
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Camilla is descended from [[Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle|Arnold Joost van Keppel]], who was created the [[Earl of Albemarle]] by King [[William III of England]] in 1696.<ref>Brandreth, p.30</ref> His son, [[Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle]], married [[Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle|Lady Anne Lennox]], who was the daughter of [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond]], illegitimate son of King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]. Through Anne Lennox, her bloodline is directly descended from the [[House of Stuart]].<ref>Brandreth, p.32</ref> Her great-grandfather, [[Viscount Bury]], was an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria]] and for many years Treasurer of Her Majesty's household.<ref>Brandreth, p.36</ref> |
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Also through The Honourable [[George Keppel (soldier)|George Keppel]] on Camilla's side and through the [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]] on Charles' side, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kissing cousins!|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kissing+cousins!-a0131294217|work=The free library|publisher=Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England)|date=9 April 2005|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Experts Discover that Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles are Related|url=http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2005/04/experts-discover-that-prince-charles-and-camilla-parker-bowles-are-related/|work=[[Ancestry.com]]|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> |
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Through her great-great-grandfather [[George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe|George Cubitt]], who was created the first [[Baron Ashcombe]], she is descended from [[Thomas Cubitt]], a prominent Victorian architect who was responsible for the creation of Queen Victoria's home, [[Osborne House]] on the Isle of Wight, and for the remodeling and restoration of Buckingham Palace.<ref>Brandreth, p.68</ref> He was the father of the Baron.<ref>Brandreth, pp.67-68</ref> Through [[Walter Keppel, 9th Earl of Albemarle]], she is related to [[Judith Keppel]], the first winner of the top prize on the television game show ''[[Who Wants to be a Millionaire]]''. They are second cousins once removed.<ref name="Reitwiesner"/> |
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Through her mother she is a descendant of [[Zacharie Cloutier]], making her a distant relation of [[Celine Dion]], [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Angelina Jolie]] and [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Kimberly|title=Ancestry of Camilla Parker-Bowles|url=http://genealogy.about.com/od/royalty/p/parker_bowles.htm|publisher=About.com Guide}}</ref> while her bloodline is also connected to King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] through his illegitimate son, [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond]]; [[Thomas Cubitt]], prominent Victorian architect; and, through the Earl of Albemarle, [[Judith Keppel]], the first winner of the top prize on the television game show ''[[Who Wants to be a Millionaire?]]''.<ref name="Reitwiesner"/> |
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Through her French lineage, Camilla's maternal line great-great-grandmother was Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton, Ontario, who was the descendant of 17th century immigrants to [[Quebec]], and the daughter of [[Allan MacNab|Sir Allan MacNab]], who was the Prime Minister of the Province of Canada before Confederation. Sophia was also the wife of [[William Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle]].<ref name="Duchess of Cornwall"/> Their son, George, was the husband of Alice Edmonstone, who was a mistress of King [[Edward VII]], the great-great-grandfather of Prince Charles.<ref name="Duchess of Cornwall">{{cite web|title=Camilla, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cornwall|url=http://www.perche-quebec.com/files/camilla/individus/camilla_en.htm|publisher=www.perche-quebec.com}}</ref> Also through The Hon. [[George Keppel (soldier)|George Keppel]] on Camilla's side and through the Queen Mother on Charles's side, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kissing cousins!|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Kissing+cousins!-a0131294217|work=The free library|publisher=Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England)|date=9 April 2005|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Experts Discover that Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles are Related|url=http://corporate.ancestry.com/press/press-releases/2005/04/experts-discover-that-prince-charles-and-camilla-parker-bowles-are-related/|work=[[Ancestry.com]]|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> She is also a descendant of French colonist [[Zacharie Cloutier]], who founded one of the principal families of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Kimberly|title=Ancestry of Camilla Parker-Bowles|url=http://genealogy.about.com/od/royalty/p/parker_bowles.htm|publisher=About.com Guide}}</ref> |
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== |
==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{Cite book | last=Brandreth| first = Gyles| authorlink = Gyles Brandreth| title = Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair|location= U.K| publisher=Random House| year = 2007 | isbn=0-09-949087-0}} |
*{{Cite book | last=Brandreth| first = Gyles| authorlink = Gyles Brandreth| title = Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair|location= U.K| publisher=Random House| year = 2007 | isbn=0-09-949087-0}} |
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*{{Cite book | last=Graham| first = Caroline| authorlink = Caroline Graham| title = Camilla: The King's mistress: A love story| publisher=Contemporary Books| year = 1994 | isbn=0-8092-3407-6}} |
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*{{Cite book|last = Wilson| first = Christopher|title= The Windsor Knot| publisher=Citadel| year = 2003| isbn = 0-8065-2386-7}} |
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*{{Cite book|last = Graham| first = Caroline| title= Camilla: Her true story| publisher=John Blake| year = 2004| isbn = 1-90403475}} |
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*{{Cite book| last= Tyrrel|first = Rebecca| title= Camilla| publisher=Short Books| year = 2003| isbn = 1-904095-53-4}} |
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*{{Cite book | last=Dimbleby| first = Jonathan| authorlink = Jonathan Dimbleby| title = The Prince of Wales: A Biography| location= New York| publisher=William Morrow and Company| year = 1994 | isbn=0-688-12996-X}} |
*{{Cite book | last=Dimbleby| first = Jonathan| authorlink = Jonathan Dimbleby| title = The Prince of Wales: A Biography| location= New York| publisher=William Morrow and Company| year = 1994 | isbn=0-688-12996-X}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Junor|first=Penny|authorlink=Penny Junor|title= Charles: Victim or Villian?|publisher=Harpercollins|year=1998|isbn=978-0002559003}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Kelley|first=Kitty|authorlink=Kitty Kelley|title=The Royals|year=1997|publisher=Hachette Digital, Inc|isbn=978-0-446-51712-6}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Lacey|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Lacey|title=Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II |publisher=Free press|year=2008|isbn=9781439108390}} |
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*{{Cite book|last = Wilson| first = Christopher|title= The Windsor Knot| publisher=Citadel| year = 2003| isbn = 0-8065-2386-7}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite book|last=Graham|first=Caroline|authorlink=Caroline Graham|title=Camilla and Charles: The Love Story|publisher=John Blake|year=2005|isbn= 978-1844541959}} |
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*{{Cite book| last= Tyrrel|first = Rebecca| title=Camilla: An Intimate Portrait| publisher=Short Books| year = 2003| isbn = 1-904095-53-4}} |
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*{{Cite book| last = Wilson| first = Christopher|title= A Greater Love: Prince Charles Twenty- Year Affair with Camilla| publisher=William Morrow & co| year= 1994| isbn = 0-688-13808-X}} |
*{{Cite book| last = Wilson| first = Christopher|title= A Greater Love: Prince Charles Twenty- Year Affair with Camilla| publisher=William Morrow & co| year= 1994| isbn = 0-688-13808-X}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall}} |
{{Commons category|Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall}} |
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{{wikiquote}} |
{{wikiquote}} |
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* |
* {{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCornwall/TheDuchessofCornwall.aspx |title=Official website of the British monarchy – HRH The Duchess of Cornwall|publisher=Royal Household}} |
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* |
* {{cite web|url=http://www.duchyofcornwall.org/abouttheduchy_theduchessofcornwall.htm | title=Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|publisher=Duchy of Cornwall Office}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theduchessofcornwall/index.html |publisher=The Prince of Wales| title=The Duchess of Cornwall}} |
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*[http://www.duchyofcornwall.org/abouttheduchy_theduchessofcornwall.htm Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall Profile] at the [[Duchy of Cornwall]] Office |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.monarchywales.org.uk |title=Monarchy Wales – campaign organisation|publisher=Monarchy Wales}} |
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*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2005/charles_and_camilla/default.stm Special section on the marriage of Camilla and Prince Charles] BBC News |
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*{{ |
* {{cite web|url=http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/windsor_9.htm |title=Illustrated biography of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|publisher=English Monarchs database}} |
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* {{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2005/charles_and_camilla/default.stm|work=BBC News |title= Special section on the marriage of Camilla and Prince Charles | date=15 August 2007}} |
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* {{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4252795.stm |title= Prince Charles to marry Camilla | work=BBC News | date=10 February 2005}} |
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* {{IMDb name|0993231|Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall}} |
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{{S-ttl|title=[[United Kingdom order of precedence|Ladies]]'''<br/>''HRH The Duchess of Cornwall''}} |
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{{S-aft|after=[[Sophie, Countess of Wessex|The Countess of Wessex]]}} |
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{{S-bef| before =[[David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn|The Lord Wilson of Tillyorn]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title = [[University of Aberdeen|Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen]]|years = 2013 – |
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Revision as of 10:45, 8 June 2013
| Camilla | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duchess of Cornwall; Duchess of Rothesay (more) | |||||
 The Duchess of Cornwall in June 2012 | |||||
| Born | 17 July 1947 London, England | ||||
| Spouse | Andrew Parker Bowles (m. 1973, div. 1995) Charles, Prince of Wales (m. 2005) | ||||
| Issue | Tom Parker Bowles Laura Lopes | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Windsor | ||||
| Father | Major Bruce Shand | ||||
| Mother | The Honourable Rosalind Cubitt | ||||
| Religion | Anglican (Church of England) | ||||
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall GCVO, CSM (Camilla Rosemary; née Shand, previously Parker Bowles; born 17 July 1947[1]), is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, the eldest child and heir apparent to Queen Elizabeth II. By her second marriage she shares her husband's titles as Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester and Baroness of Renfrew. She is styled by her husband's secondary title of Duchess of Cornwall (or sometimes in Scotland, Duchess of Rothesay),[2] due to the strong association of the primary title (Princess of Wales) with her husband's first wife, the late Diana, Princess of Wales.[3]
The Duchess is the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt, daughter of Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe. She has two children and five grandchildren with her first husband, Andrew Parker Bowles.
Early life
| Royal family of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms |
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Born at King's College Hospital, London,[fn 2][4] on 17 July 1947, Camilla was raised opposite the Plumpton Racecourse, East Sussex by her parents, Major Bruce Shand (1917–2006) (a British Army officer, turned wine merchant, as well as prisoner of war in World War II who received the Military Cross with Bar) and the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt (1921–1994, eldest child of Roland Calvert Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe). Her siblings are Mark Shand and Annabel Shand Elliot.[5] Her maternal great-grandmother, Alice Keppel, (the Honourable Mrs George Keppel), formerly Alice Frederica Edmonstone, was the daughter of Sir William Edmonstone, 4th Baronet. Alice was a royal mistress, of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910.[5]
Camilla was baptised on 1 November 1947 at Firle Church, Sussex. Her godparents were the Hon. Harry Cubitt (her maternal uncle), Major Neil Speke, Heathcoat Amory, Lombard Hobson and Vivien Mosley.[6][7]
Camilla attended Dumbrells School, a co-educational school in Sussex at the age of 5. At the age of 10 she attended fashionable Queen's Gate School in South Kensington and left with one O-level. Then, at the age of 16, she attended the Mon Fertile finishing school in Switzerland and studied at the Institut Britannique in Paris.[1] Following her education, she made her London debut as a debutante in 1965.[5]
After moving from home, Camilla lived in a two-bedroom flat in Cundy Street at the back end of Belgravia, sharing with Moyra Campbell, the daughter of James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn, who had been a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth II at her coronation and whose mother was a close friend to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Lady Moyra moved out when she married. Her new flat mate became Virginia Carrington, daughter of the conservative politician and a former Guards Officer, Lord Carrington.[8]
Camilla worked as a part-time secretary and later took a job at the decorating firm of Sibyl Colefax and John Fowler.[5] She also became an avid equestrienne and participated in fox hunting (with the Beaufort Hunt)[9] until its ban in 2004. Her interests include horse-riding, gardening and horticulture.[10]
First marriage
The Times announced the engagement of Camilla and British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles.[11] On 4 July 1973, 26-year old Camilla married 34-year old Andrew Parker Bowles at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London. Their bridesmaids included Parker Bowles' goddaughter Lady Emma Herbert.[12] The wedding was attended by 800 guests including Princess Anne, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.[11]
The couple made their home in Wiltshire, living in the 14th century manor house Bolehyde Manor.[13] They had two children: Tom, born in the year after their marriage, who is a godson of Prince Charles, and Laura, born in 1978; both children were raised in their father's Roman Catholic faith, although both were married in the Church of England; Tom, like his father, is in remainder to the Earldom of Macclesfield. The couple divorced on 3 March 1995. They were married for 22 years.[14]
Relationship with the Prince of Wales
The relationship between Camilla and Prince Charles began when they met at a polo match in 1970.[15] They were introduced to one another by Lucia Santa Cruz, an old girlfriend of the Prince of Wales.[16][17] Though she became one of the numerous girlfriends of Charles, and the Prince of Wales was said to have wanted to marry her, she was seen by royal courtiers as an unsuitable match for the future king.[18]
Robert Lacey wrote in his 2002 book, Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties in 1972. It has been suggested by a member in the close circle of his great-uncle Lord Mountbatten that Mountbatten arranged for Charles to be posted overseas to end the relationship with Camilla, and to pave a way for a possible engagement to his granddaughter, Amanda Knatchbull.[19] Charles was heartbroken when he heard of the engagement of Camilla and Andrew Parker Bowles in 1973, writing to Lord Mountbatten: "I suppose the feeling of emptiness will pass eventually."[13][20] Nevertheless they remained friends, and renewed their romantic relationship in 1986.[21] Aware of the renewal, Andrew Parker Bowles reportedly gave consent to the relationship during their marriage. The press later derided him as the "man who laid down his wife for his country".[22]
The affair became public knowledge a decade later, with the publication of Diana: Her True Story in 1992, followed by the Camillagate scandal, wherein intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts were published in the tabloids.[23]
With the relationship in the open, Diana gave an interview on the BBC programme Panorama, during which she was asked if she thought the relationship between Camilla and the Prince of Wales contributed to the breakdown of their marriage, to which she replied: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded."[24][25] Though Camilla kept a low profile at all times, she became unpopular by this revelation.[26] It was confirmed by Charles in a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby that the relationship between him and Camilla resumed during their crumbling marriages.[27] Following this, the Parker Bowleses announced their own divorce in 1995,[28][29] having been living apart for some time, and a year later Andrew Parker Bowles married his long-time mistress Rosemary Pitman.
Discreetly, Camilla occasionally became Charles's unofficial companion at events. This temporarily ceased when Diana, Princess of Wales, died in August 1997, but in 1999, they were photographed together in public at the Ritz Hotel in London where they attended a birthday party.[30][31]
Though she maintained her residence in Wiltshire, Camilla then moved into Clarence House, the former home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, which became Charles' household in 2003.[32] In 2005, the media reported that Charles was spending on Camilla with public funds, this received a lot of negative publicity and as a result, an investigation by the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons began probing in Charles' finances about the report.[33][34]
Image rehabilitation
Following the couples' divorces, Charles stated his relationship with Camilla was, and is, "non-negotiable".[35][36][37]
Charles was aware that his relationship with Camilla was receiving a lot of public attention, and appointed Mark Bolland, recruited by Charles in 1995 to refurbish his own image, to enhance Camilla's image.[38] As part of this effort to burnish her reputation, Camilla became the President of the National Osteoporosis Society, which first introduced her to the public.[39] In 2000, her status was strengthened when she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Scotland for a series of official engagements.[39] She later met the Queen for the first time since the relationship came out at the 60th birthday party of King Constantine II of Greece. This meeting was seen as an apparent seal of approval by the Queen on Camilla's relationship with Charles.[40][41]
After an orchestrated series of appearances at public and private venues, the Queen invited Camilla to her Golden Jubilee in 2002. She was seated in the royal box behind the Queen for one of the concerts at Buckingham Palace.[42] The same year, she received an invitation by the Queen to attend the Queen Mother's funeral.[43][44]
Camilla commuted between Highgrove House and her own home on a regular basis. In London, she stayed at St James's Palace, where the staff reportedly curtseyed to her and addressed her as 'Ma'am'.[39][45][46] At almost all private occasions, she accompanied the Prince of Wales.[39] In addition, she attended the Holyrood House garden party and Sandringham House flower show occasions. In time, marriage became a viable option for the pair.[39]
Engagement and second marriage
On 10 February 2005, it was announced by Clarence House that Camilla and the Prince of Wales were engaged; Camilla had been presented with the royal engagement ring that had belonged to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Charles proposed on bended knee.[3] As he is the future Supreme Governor of the Church of England, the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcée was seen as controversial, but with the consent of the Queen, Parliament and the Church of England, the couple were able to wed.[47]
The marriage was to have been on 8 April 2005, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious blessing at St George's Chapel. To conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there. As the Royal Family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages, even just for one year, the location was changed to the town hall at Windsor Guildhall.[48][49]
On 4 April it was announced that the marriage would be delayed by one day to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[50] As Charles's parents could not attend the marriage ceremony (the Queen was unable to attend the remarriage of a divorcee, due to her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England[51]), neither did Camilla's father; instead Camilla's son and Prince William acted as witnesses to the union.[52] The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did, however, attend the service of blessing, and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle afterwards.[53] Following the wedding, the couple travelled to the Prince's country home in Scotland, Birkhall,[54] and carried out their first public duties as a couple during their honeymoon.[55]
Duchess of Cornwall
After becoming Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla automatically acquired rank as the second highest female in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence (after the Queen), and as typically fifth or sixth in the orders of precedence of her other realms, following the Queen, the relevant viceroy, the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed that the Queen altered the royal order of precedence for private occasions, placing Camilla fourth, after the Queen, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra.[56][57] Within two years of the marriage, the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the Royal Family; use of a tiara of the Queen Mother[58] and the badge of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II.
Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that the Duchess had undergone a hysterectomy.[59] According to an announcement by Clarence House, it was the Duchess's intent to attend the anniversary memorial service for Diana, Princess of Wales, on 31 August 2007, along with her husband and stepsons. She withdrew from attending, stating that she wished not to "divert attention from the purpose of the occasion which is to focus on the life and service of Diana".[60] On 8 April 2010, the Duchess broke her left leg while hill walking in Scotland.[61] Despite the injury, she carried out all her official engagements which were scheduled for that month.[62]
In November 2010, the Duchess and her husband were indirectly involved in the 2010 British student protests when their car was attacked by protesters.[63] She was physically attacked when a rioter managed to push a stick into the royal limousine and jab her in the ribs.[64] Clarence House later released a statement on the incident, "A car carrying Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall was attacked by protesters but the couple were unharmed."[65]
The Duchess was a prominent participant in the celebrations for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II during the extended weekend of 2–5 June 2012, especially following the absence of the Duke of Edinburgh owing to ill health on 4–5 June. She stood next to the Queen during the speech by the Prince of Wales at the conclusion of the Diamond Jubilee Concert and was seated next to the Queen the following day in the carriage procession from Westminster to Buckingham Palace.[66]
Royal duties
Initially, Camilla's royal duties involved accompanying the Prince of Wales on his official obligations.
The Duchess made her inaugural overseas tour, to the United States, in November 2005.[67] During their tour in the United States, they met with President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush at the White house. Afterward they visited New Orleans to see the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and met with a few of the hundreds of thousands of residents whose lives were turned upside-down by the Hurricane.[68] Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, the Duchess and the Prince visited victims of the attack at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington.[69] In March 2006, the couple undertook official visits to Egypt, Saudi Arabia and India.[70]
In November 2007, the Duchess toured with the Prince of Wales on a four-day visit to Turkey.[71] In 2008, she joined the Prince of Wales to tour the Caribbean, Japan, Brunei and Indonesia.[72] 2009 was a busy year for Camilla. With the Prince of Wales they embarked on a tour of Chile, Brazil, Ecuador,[73] Italy and Germany. Their visit to the Holy See included a private audience with Pope Benedict XVI.[74] The Pope presented them with an honorary medal and drawing of the St Peter's Basilica.[75] In November 2009, they visited Canada. The Canadian tour was highly-publicized. In early 2010, they undertook an official visit to Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland.[76] In October 2010, Camilla accompanied the Prince of Wales to Delhi, India for the opening of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[77]
In March 2011, the Duchess went with the Prince of Wales to undertake official visits in Portugal, Spain, and Morocco.[78] The tour began in Lisbon, Portugal, where among other engagements Prince Charles Camilla celebrated long-standing co-operation between the Portuguese and British navies, supported British trade and investment opportunities and highlighted the work of the substantial resident British community. The President of Portugal later hosted an official dinner to welcome them. In Spain, Camilla and Charles were received in Madrid by the Prince and Princess of Asturias. They attended an official dinner at the Royal Palace having lunch with the King and Queen of Spain. The Spring Tour finished in Morocco. In Rabat, they were guests of the King of Morocco, who received them for a meeting and an official dinner.[79] Camilla attended the 10th anniversary of the 11 September 2001 attacks along with the Prince of Wales and the Prime Minister, David Cameron, on 11 September 2011.[80] In August 2011, the Duchess accompanied the Prince of Wales to Tottenham, breaking off their holidays to show solidarity with the deprived north London community scarred by violence in the riots.[81][82] The couple surprised Tottenham shoppers in February 2012 as they visited businesses targeted in August's Riots to see how they were recovering on the London-riots anniversary.[83] In November 2011, Camilla undertook official visits with the Prince of Wales to tour Commonwealth and Arab States of the Persian Gulf. They toured in South Africa and Tanzania and met with President Jacob Zuma and President Jakaya Kikwete.[84]
From 20 to 27 March 2012, the Duchess and the Prince undertook official visits to Norway, Sweden and Denmark to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[85] In May 2012, the royal couple undertook a four-day trip to Canada as part of the Jubilee celebrations. Highlights of the tour included the celebration of Victoria Day which took place on 21 May 2012.[86] In November 2012, the Duchess and the Prince of Wales visited Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea for a two-week Diamond Jubilee tour.[87] During the Australian tour, they attended the 2012 Melbourne Cup, where the Duchess presented the Melbourne cup to the winner of the race.[88]
Camilla's first solo engagement was a visit to a hospital in Southampton; she attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards. She conducted the naming ceremony for HMS Astute on 8 June 2007, and, on 10 December, she did the same for the new Cunard cruise ship, MS Queen Victoria,[89] it being said that the Queen had been surprised by Cunard's invitation. In May 2011, she attended the Classic Brit Awards and honoured James Bond composer and Oscar-winner John Barry with a posthumous award for his outstanding contribution to music.[90] In June 2011, Camilla alone represented the British royal family at the 125th Wimbledon Tennis Championships in Wimbledon.[91] From 4 to 5 April 2012, the duchess took a trip to Woolton in Liverpool to officially open the Diamond Jubilee Gates at Reynolds Park. She later visited the Beatles Story exhibition to mark the 50th Anniversary of The Beatles.[92][93][94]
Patronages
The Duchess is the Patron of The Royal School, Hampstead, an independent girls' school,[95] Patron of Animal Care Trust (Under the umbrella of the Royal Veterinary College),[96] Patron of The Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists,[97] Patron of Unicorn Theatre for Children, Patron of Cornwall Community Foundation, Patron of Wiltshire Bobby van Trust, Patron of Youth Action Wiltshire, Patron of New Queen's Hall Orchestra, Patron of St John's Smith Square, Patron of London Chamber Orchestra, Patron of Georgian Theatre Royal, Richmond (a Joint Patron with the Prince of Wales), President of Scotland's Gardens Scheme, President of National Osteoporosis Society (First Charity to be given the role), Patron of the Cornish Air Ambulance Service, Patron of The Girls' Friendly Society, Patron of the National Literacy Trust, Patron of Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Patron of Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Patron of Plumpton College Charitable Foundation, as well as President or Patron of other charities.[96]
Camilla is the honorary Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Navy Medical Service. In this role she visited the training-ship HMS Excellent in January 2012, to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in Afghanistan.[98]
In March 2012, the Duchess became the Patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch (BJL), in which communities across the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms held lunches including street parties, garden gatherings and picnics on 3 June 2012, as part of the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[99]
In February 2013, she was appointed Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen. A role which is ceremonial and will involve confering graduates with their degrees.[100]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
| Royal styles of The Duchess of Cornwall | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reference style | Her Royal Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Royal Highness |
| Alternative style | Ma'am |
- 17 July 1947 – 4 July 1973: Miss Camilla Rosemary Shand
- 4 July 1973 – 3 March 1995: Mrs Andrew Parker Bowles
- 3 March 1995 – 9 April 2005: Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles
- 9 April 2005 – present : Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall
- in Scotland: 9 April 2005 – present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay[2]
Camilla's title and style in full: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order.[2]
Because the title 'Princess of Wales' became strongly associated with the previous holder of that title, Diana, Princess of Wales, Camilla has adopted the feminine form of her husband's highest-ranking subsidiary title, Duke of Cornwall.[2] Unless any specific Act of Parliament is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (and other Commonwealth States) to the contrary, if Prince Charles becomes King, she can assume by courtesy the style of "Queen Camilla".[101][102] However, continued controversy about her ascendence raised the continuing likelihood that she might retain a morganatic style, albeit by courtesy—she would always be entitled to the rank and style of her husband.[103] Clarence House stated that when Charles becomes King, Camilla will adopt the unprecedented style of Princess Consort, similar to the style of Prince Albert. This is not the same usage as her father-in-law, the Duke of Edinburgh, who does not hold the title of Prince Consort.
Honours
See also List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
Appointments
30 October 2007: Member of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
9 April 2012: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)[104]
3 November 2012: Companion of the Order of the Star of Melanesia (CSM)[105]
Medals
2005: Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan
2012: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Honorary military appointments
The Duchess of Cornwall holds the following military appointments:
Australia
- 2012–: Colonel-in-Chief, The Royal Australian Corps of Military Police[106]
Canada
2010–: Colonel-in-Chief, The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada[107]
United Kingdom
: Royal Colonel of the 4th Battalion of The Rifles
2008–: Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Halton- : Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Leeming
: Commodore-in-Chief of the Naval Medical Services- : Commodore-in-Chief Naval Chaplaincy Service
- : Lady sponsor of HMS Astute[108]
Arms
|
|
Issue
| Name | Birth | Marriage | Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tom Parker Bowles | 18 December 1974 | 10 September 2005 | Sara Buys | Lola Rosalind Parker Bowles Freddy Parker Bowles |
| Laura Parker Bowles | 1 January 1978 | 6 May 2006 | Harry Lopes | Eliza Lopes Louis Lopes Gus Lopes |
Ancestry
According to genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner, the Duchess of Cornwall's ancestry is predominantly French, English, Dutch, and Scottish.[111]
Through her French lineage, Camilla's maternal line great-great-grandmother was Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton, Ontario, who was the descendant of 17th century immigrants to Quebec, and the daughter of Sir Allan MacNab, who was the Prime Minister of the Province of Canada before Confederation. Sophia was also the wife of William Coutts Keppel, Earl of Albemarle.[112] Their son, George, was husband to Alice Edmonstone, who was the mistress of King Edward VII, the great-great-grandfather of Prince Charles.[112]
Also through The Honourable George Keppel on Camilla's side and through the Queen Mother on Charles' side, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.[113][114]
Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier, making her a distant relation of Celine Dion, Hillary Clinton, Angelina Jolie and Madonna,[115] while her bloodline is also connected to King Charles II through his illegitimate son, Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond; Thomas Cubitt, prominent Victorian architect; and, through the Earl of Albemarle, Judith Keppel, the first winner of the top prize on the television game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire?.[111]
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Footnotes
- ^ On the unusual occasions when a surname is used, it is Mountbatten-Windsor
- ^ Some sources report that she was born in Plumpton, but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home as her birth place.
References
- ^ a b "Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles". BBC News. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ a b c d "The Duchess of Cornwall – Titles". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ a b Sheri Stritof, Bob Stritof. "Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles". About.com. Marriage Profile. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- ^ "— Camilla Parker Bowles Biography". Biography.com. 17 July 1947. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ a b c d Profile: Camilla Duchess of Cornwall, Indepth: The Royal Family
- ^ The Times, 21 October 1944.
- ^ The Times, 5 August 1942.
- ^ Wilson, Christopher (2003). The Windsor Knot. Chp.1 Four in the Morning: Citadel Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8065-2386-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Clover, Charles (10 June 2000). "Beaufort Hunt 'broke rules on fox breeding'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
- ^ Smith, David (12 February 2005). "The rise and rise of Queen Camilla". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ a b Brown, Tina (2007). The Diana Chronicles. Anchor. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-385-51708-9.
- ^ 'Major A.H. Parker Bowles and Miss C.R. Shand' in The Times, 5 July 1973
- ^ a b "'Quite grand, and she doesn't tip'". The Daily Telegraph. 21 October 2003. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "A Royal Romance Interactive Timeline". CBS News. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Jackson, Ben (11 March 2009). "Camilla's clinch for Charles' first love". The Sun. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ Alderson, Andrew (9 March 2009). "Prince Charles takes Camilla to lunch with 'first girlfriend' in Chile". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ Seward, Ingrid (2001). The Queen and Di. Double Standards: Arcade Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 1-55970-561-2.
- ^ Edwards, Anne (2001). Ever After: Diana and the Life She Led. St. Martin's Paperbacks. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0312978730.
- ^ Bradford, Sarah (2007). Diana. Footnote 10: Penguin (Non-Classics). ISBN 0-14-311246-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Kelley, Kitty (1997). The Royals. Warner Books. p. 239. ISBN 978-0446517126.
- ^ "Q&A: Charles and Camilla". BBC News. 22 March 2005. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ Kelley, Kitty (1997). The royals. Hachette Digital, Inc. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-446-51712-6.
- ^ Linton, David (2006). "Camillagate: Prince Charles and the Tampon Scandal". Sex Roles. 54 (5–6): 347–351. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9004-4. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ BBC1. The Panorama interview with the Princess of Wales. November 1995. Retrieved 26 July 2012
- ^ Bradford, Sarah, Diana(2006),p.294
- ^ See CNN story "Love spans more than 30 years" claims bread roll pelting.
- ^ Dimbleby, Jonathan, The Prince of Wales, A Biography, p.395
- ^ Penman, Danny (11 January 1995). 1567448.html "Prince of Wales 'mistress' to divorce". London: Independent u.k. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ Glauber, Bill (11 January 1995). "Charles, Camilla: Together again?". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
- ^ Mine, Shaun (29 January 1999). "OUT; Charles and Camilla go public". The free library: Daily Record. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Archer, Peter (29 January 1999). "Together at Last; Charles and Camilla side by side for the cameras for the first time". The free Library: Coventry Evening Telegraph (England). Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Wilson, Colin (2 June 2002). "Camilla Moves in with Charles: Wife in all but name". The free library: Sunday (mail) (Glasgow Scotland). Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Mackay, Caitlin (5 February 2005). "Camilla costs in probe". The free library: The Mirror (London, England). Retrieved 11 March 2012.
- ^ Prince, Rosa (5 February 2005). "MPs PROBES SPENDING ON CAMILLA; Aides quizzed over bills". The free library: Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland). Retrieved 11 March 2012.
- ^ Jobson, Robert (17 March 2003). "Charles: Camilla is central to my life". Evening Standard. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ Mclaren, Leah (11 May 2002). "An honest woman at last?". Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Mcallister, J.F.O (13 February 2005). "The 34-Year Courtship". Time magazine. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ "Mark Bolland: Marital aide". The Independent. 30 March 2005. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Tweedie, Neil (11 February 2005). "Charles and Camilla, after Diana". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ Anderson, Deborah (4 June 2000). "QUEEN'S BARBECUE DATE WITH CAMILLA; But will this lead to trip down aisle?". The free library. Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland). Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ "Queen meets Camilla as relationship thaws". The free library. Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England). 4 June 2000. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ "Prince pleased with Queen's Camilla invite". The free library. The Birmingham Post (England). 13 May 2002. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Paterson, Billy (7 April 2002). "Queen in invite to Camilla". The free library. Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland). Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Kerr, Jane (Royal reporter) (6 April 2002). "THE LONG GOODBYE: CAMILLA WILL GO TO FUNERAL". The free library. The Mirror (London, England). Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Summerskill, Ben (13 July 2002). "The Observer Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles". The Observer. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "This marriage was never big enough for the three of us". The Times, London. 11 February 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
- ^ "Prince Charles to marry longtime lover Camilla". Msnbc World News. 2/11/2005. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Prince Charles, Camilla change wedding plans". Chicago Tribune. 18 February 2005. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
- ^ "Charles and Camilla change wedding venue". Hello Magazine. 17 February 2005. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
- ^ Dear, Paula (5 April 2005). "Fans 'panic buy' 8 April mementos". BBC News. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ "Q&A: Queen's wedding decision". BBC News. 23 February 2005. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ "Wedding role for William and Tom". BBC News. 23 March 2005. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ Font size Print E-mail Share Page 1 of 3 By Ellen Crean (9 April 2005). "CBS News "Charles and Camilla Finally Wed"". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Royal newlyweds begin honeymoon". BBC News. 9 April 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "Royal newlyweds break off honeymoon to meet pupils". The free library. The Birmingham Post (England). 15 April 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ Davies, Caroline (24 December 2005). "First royal Sandringham Christmas for Camilla". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 14 January 2009.
- ^ Eden, Richard (24 June 2012). "The Queen tells the Duchess of Cambridge to curtsy to the 'blood princesses'". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ "Duchess of Cornwall wears Queen Mother's Tiara". Femalefirst.co.uk. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ "Charles sees Camilla in hospital". BBC News. 5 March 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ "Camilla swerves Diana tribute". Itv.com. Retrieved 27 June 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Camilla Breaks A Leg But Says 'Life Goes On'". British Sky Broadcasting. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ "Camilla cheerful despite broken leg". msn. 9 April 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ "Prince Charles, Camilla's Car Attacked By Student Protesters in London". huffingtonpost. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Royal car attacked in protest after MPs' fee vote". BBC News. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
- ^ "Prince Charles and Duchess of Cornwall unhurt in attack". BBC News. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ Diamond Jubilee: flypast brings celebrations to an end BBC News. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ^ "Charles and Camilla begin US tour". BBC News. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ^ "Prince Charles, Camilla see Katrina's aftermath". USA Today. 4 November 2005. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ "Charles and Camilla lead way as royals visit blast victims". Hello magazine. 8 July 2005. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Royal couple set for foreign tour". BBC News. 19 March 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
- ^ "TRH to visit Turkey". The Prince of Wales-Press release. 10 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to go on a tour of East Asia". 6 October 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "Royals set for Chilean visit". SANTIAGO (AFP). 7 March 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "TRH to visit Italy, The Holy See and Germany". Prince of wales-press release. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ^ "Charles and Camilla meet the Pope". BBC News. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to undertake a tour of Central Europe". 11 February 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ "TRH to attend the opening of the Commonwealth Games in India". 21 September 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall to visit Morocco". BBC News. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall to visit Portugal, Spain and Morocco".
- ^ "9/11 Anniversary". London: The Telegraph. 11 September 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
- ^ "Prince Charles visits riot-hit London community". Time Live. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "London riots: Charles and Camilla hear Victims Tales". BBC news. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Lamdem, Tim (10 February 2012). "London Riots Anniversary: Prince Charles and Camilla return to Tottenham". Tottenham and Wood Green Journal. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to tour Commonwealth and Gulf Countries". 12 October 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall to visit Norway, Sweden and Denmark". princeofwales.gov.uk. 20 February 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall arrive in Canada to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee". princeofwales.gov.uk. 20 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ Puente, Maria (2 November 2012). "Prince Charles and Camilla head Down Under for tour". USA Today. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ "Camilla to present Melbourne Cup". ABC News. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ "Cunard Line: ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess Of Cornwall To Name Cunard's New Queen Victoria''; 10 September 2007". Cunard.com. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ "James Bond composer John Barry honoured by Duchess of Cornwall". London: The Telegraph. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ "The Duchess of Cornwall attends the 125th Wimbledon Championships". princeofwales.gov.uk. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ Manning, Craig (4 April 2012). "Duchess of Cornwall visits Wirral". News. Wirral Globe. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
- ^ "ComentarDay tripper Camilla relives Beatlemania and the swinging Sixties". Royalty and Statesmen. Hello Magazine. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
- ^ "The Duchess of Cornwall visits Liverpool". pinceofwales.gov.uk. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ "Camilla on royal visit at Hampstead school", Hampstead and Highgate Express, 25 February 2009.
- ^ a b "Charities and Patronages". www.princeofwales.gov.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ "Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall,) Proud to be Patron of Podiatry". www.podiatrym.com. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ "Duchess of Cornwall presents medals to navy medics". BBC News. 27 January 2012.
- ^ "The Duchess of Cornwall becomes Patron of the Big Jubilee Lunch". Prince of Wales.gov.uk. 15 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ "Duchess of Cornwall elected as university chancellor". The Guardian. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ "Camilla can legally be queen" (Document). CBC News.
{{cite document}}: Unknown parameter|accessdate=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url=ignored (help) - ^ "Camilla might still become Queen" (Document). UK.
{{cite document}}: Cite document requires|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|accessdate=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|work=ignored (help) - ^ Clarence House press release, 10 February 2005
- ^ "The Duchess of Cornwall appointed to the Royal Victorian Order" (Press release). Queen's Printer. 9 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Diamond Jubilee: Charles and Camilla on Papua New Guinea tour". BBC. 3 November 2012.
- ^ "Duchess of Cornwall becomes Colonel in Australian Military Police". The Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ QOR.com
- ^ "The Prince of Wales > Personal Profiles > The Duchess of Cornwall > At Work > Armed Services" (Document). Clarence House.
{{cite document}}: Unknown parameter|accessdate=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url=ignored (help) - ^ "Camilla's coat of arms unveiled". BBC News. 17 July 2005. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^ a b c "The Coat of Arms of HRH The Duchess of Cornwall". College of Arms. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ a b Reitwiesner, William Addams. "The ancestry of HRH The Duchess of Cornwall". Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ^ a b "Camilla, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cornwall". www.perche-quebec.com.
- ^ "Kissing cousins!". The free library. Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England). 9 April 2005. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Experts Discover that Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles are Related". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ Powell, Kimberly. "Ancestry of Camilla Parker-Bowles". About.com Guide.
Further reading
- Brandreth, Gyles (2007). Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair. U.K: Random House. ISBN 0-09-949087-0.
- Graham, Caroline (1994). Camilla: The King's mistress: A love story. Contemporary Books. ISBN 0-8092-3407-6.
- Wilson, Christopher (2003). The Windsor Knot. Citadel. ISBN 0-8065-2386-7.
- Graham, Caroline (2004). Camilla: Her true story. John Blake. ISBN 1-90403475.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help) - Tyrrel, Rebecca (2003). Camilla. Short Books. ISBN 1-904095-53-4.
- Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-12996-X.
- Wilson, Christopher (1994). A Greater Love: Prince Charles Twenty- Year Affair with Camilla. William Morrow & co. ISBN 0-688-13808-X.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Queen Camilla.
- "Official website of the British monarchy – HRH The Duchess of Cornwall". Royal Household.
- "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall". Duchy of Cornwall Office.
- "The Duchess of Cornwall". The Prince of Wales.
- "Monarchy Wales – campaign organisation". Monarchy Wales.
- "Illustrated biography of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall". English Monarchs database.
- "Special section on the marriage of Camilla and Prince Charles". BBC News. 15 August 2007.
- "Prince Charles to marry Camilla". BBC News. 10 February 2005.
- Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall at IMDb
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