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==Potential==
==Potential==
The combination of [[Climate of Australia|Australia's dry climate]] and latitude give it a high benefits and potential for solar energy production. Most of the Australian continent receives in excess of 4 kWh per square metre per day of [[insolation]] during winter months, with a region in the north exceeding 6 kWh/day. Australia's insolation greatly exceeds the average values in Europe, Russia, and most of North America. Comparable levels are found in desert areas of northern and southern Africa, south western United States and adjacent area of Mexico, and regions on the Pacific coast of South America. However, the areas of Australia with highest insolation are in the interior, away from population centers.<ref>[http://www.solarstreetscapes.com/page119086.cfm Insolation maps] retrieved 2011 April 18</ref>
The combination of [[Climate of Australia|Australia's dry climate]] and latitude give it a high benefits and potential for solar energy production. Most of the Australian continent receives in excess of 4 kWh per square metre per day of [[insolation]] during winter months, with a region in the north exceeding 6 kWh/day. Australia's insolation greatly exceeds the average values in Europe, Russia, and most of North America. Comparable levels are found in desert areas of northern and southern Africa, south western United States and adjacent area of Mexico, and regions on the Pacific coast of South America. However, the areas of Australia with highest insolation are in the interior, away from population centers.<ref>[http://www.solarstreetscapes.com/page119086.cfm Insolation maps] retrieved 2011 April 18</ref>

==Incentives==
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:Source:Australian PV Institute<ref>[http://pv-map.apvi.org.au/analyses Australian PV Institute], retrieved 8 February 2014</ref>
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===Rebates===
The Australian Government provided a rebate program that offered up to A$8,000 rebates for installing solar panels on homes and community use buildings (other than schools), through the Solar Homes and Communities Plan.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/renewable/pv/index.html Solar Homes and Communities Plan]</ref> However, on 8 June 2009, this program was phased out, to be replaced by the Solar Credits Program, where an installation of a solar system would receive 5 times as many Renewable Energy Certificates for the first 1.5 kilowatts of capacity under the Renewable Energy Target (see below)<ref>[http://www.orer.gov.au Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator]</ref>

Schools were eligible to apply for grants of up to A$50,000 to install 2&nbsp;kW solar panels and other measures through the National Solar Schools Program beginning 1 July 2008, which replaced the Green Vouchers for Schools program.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/programs/greenvouchers/index.html The National Solar Schools Program is on the way]</ref> Applications for the program ended 21 November 2012. A total of 2,870 schools have installed solar panels.<ref>[http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/national-solar-schools.aspx National Solar Schools Program]</ref> The output of each array can be viewed, and compared with that of up to four other schools.<ref>[http://www.solarschools.net/ School Energy Monitoring]</ref>

===Feed-in tariffs===
{{Main|Feed-in tariffs in Australia}}
[[PV financial incentives#Australia|Feed in tariffs]] were introduced by a number of states to increase the amount of solar PV power generated. They can be classified by a number of factors including the price paid, whether it is on a net or gross export basis, the length of time payments are guaranteed, the maximum size of installation allowed and the type of customer allowed to participate. Many Australian state feed-in tariffs were net export tariffs, whereas conservation groups argued for gross feed-in tariffs. In March 2009, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) started a solar gross feed-in tariff. For systems up to 10&nbsp;kW the payment was 50.05 cents per kWh. For systems from 10&nbsp;kW to 30&nbsp;kW the payment was 40.04 cents per kWh. The payment was revised downward once before an overall capacity cap was reached and the scheme closed. Payments are made quarterly based on energy generated and the payment rate is guaranteed for 20 years.<ref>[http://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/144645/FiTFactSheet.pdf ACT Govt. Feed In Tariff factsheet]</ref><ref>[http://www.matthewb.id.au/media/Solar_Power_Calculator.html Feed In Solar Power Calculator]</ref> In Germany, a guaranteed PV tariff means that Germany now has the highest PV capacity per capita – at 10W for every person in Germany compared to Australia at 2.6W per capita.<ref>Supply side options for WA stationary energy: An assessment of alternative technologies and development support mechanisms in the Final report to WA Greenhouse and Energy Taskforce by Next Energy in 26 September 2006</ref>

===Mandatory Renewable Energy Target===
{{Main|Mandatory renewable energy targets}}
The Federal Government [[MRET]] will ensure renewable energy obtains a 20% share of electricity supply in Australia by 2020. The MRET will increase from 9,500 gigawatt-hours to 45,000 gigawatt-hours by 2020. The scheme lasts until 2030.<ref>[http://www.orer.gov.au/legislation/index.html Australian Government: Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator] {{Dead link|date=March 2011}}</ref>

The MRET requires wholesale purchasers of electricity (such as electricity retailers or industrial operations) to purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), created through the generation of electricity from renewable sources. These sources include Wind, Hydro, Landfill Gas and Geothermal, as well as Solar PV and Solar Thermal, providing a stimulus and additional revenue for these technologies.

===Subsidy funding===
The Solar Flagships program sets aside $1.6 billion for [[solar power]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details_/beitrag/exclusive--cerpa-outlines-its-pv-goals-as-it-says-solar-is-center-of-australias-attention_100000715/8/ |title= CERPA outlines PV goals as it says solar is centre of Australia's attention| publisher= pv magazine|date=13 Aug 2010}}</ref> The government funding is for 4 new solar plants that produce coal plant scale power (in total up to 1000&nbsp;MW - coal plants typically produce 500 to 2,000&nbsp;MW). This subsidy would need additional funding from the plant builders and/or operators. As a comparison Abengoa Solar, a company currently constructing solar thermal plants, put the cost of a 300&nbsp;MW plant at 1.2 billion euros in 2007. In 2009, the Arizona state government announced a 200&nbsp;MW plant for 1 billion US dollars.<ref>[http://greenmodesustainabilitydevelopments.blogspot.com/2009/05/big-solar-for-oz.html Big Solar Power Plants for Australia]</ref><ref>[http://www.azcommerce.com/Newsroom/ViewRelease.aspx?1971 Arizona Government]</ref>


==Projects==
==Projects==

Revision as of 03:10, 6 March 2014

White Cliffs Solar Power Station, NSW

Solar power in Australia is a relatively recent phenomenon. Currently, it has over 2,412 MW of installed photovoltaic (PV) power (December 2012),[1] and 1,000 MW of PV was installed in 2012. At a capacity factor of 14 percent, this would contribute 1.1 percent of Australia's electrical energy . The amount of installed PV capacity in Australia has increased 10-fold between 2009 and 2011. Feed-in tariffs and mandatory renewable energy targets designed to assist renewable energy commercialisation in Australia have largely been responsible for the rapid increase. The first commercial-scale PV power plant was opened in 2011, the Uterne Solar Power Station, a 1MW capacity grid-connected solar photovoltaic system located 5 km south of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory.[2] The second opened in 2012 at Greenough River Solar Farm with a capacity of 10 MW.[3] The price of photovoltaics has been decreasing, and in January 2013, was less than half the cost of using grid electricity in Australia.[4]

Potential

The combination of Australia's dry climate and latitude give it a high benefits and potential for solar energy production. Most of the Australian continent receives in excess of 4 kWh per square metre per day of insolation during winter months, with a region in the north exceeding 6 kWh/day. Australia's insolation greatly exceeds the average values in Europe, Russia, and most of North America. Comparable levels are found in desert areas of northern and southern Africa, south western United States and adjacent area of Mexico, and regions on the Pacific coast of South America. However, the areas of Australia with highest insolation are in the interior, away from population centers.[5]

Incentives

Source:Australian PV Institute[6]

Rebates

The Australian Government provided a rebate program that offered up to A$8,000 rebates for installing solar panels on homes and community use buildings (other than schools), through the Solar Homes and Communities Plan.[7] However, on 8 June 2009, this program was phased out, to be replaced by the Solar Credits Program, where an installation of a solar system would receive 5 times as many Renewable Energy Certificates for the first 1.5 kilowatts of capacity under the Renewable Energy Target (see below)[8]

Schools were eligible to apply for grants of up to A$50,000 to install 2 kW solar panels and other measures through the National Solar Schools Program beginning 1 July 2008, which replaced the Green Vouchers for Schools program.[9] Applications for the program ended 21 November 2012. A total of 2,870 schools have installed solar panels.[10] The output of each array can be viewed, and compared with that of up to four other schools.[11]

Feed-in tariffs

Main article: Feed-in tariffs in Australia

Feed in tariffs were introduced by a number of states to increase the amount of solar PV power generated. They can be classified by a number of factors including the price paid, whether it is on a net or gross export basis, the length of time payments are guaranteed, the maximum size of installation allowed and the type of customer allowed to participate. Many Australian state feed-in tariffs were net export tariffs, whereas conservation groups argued for gross feed-in tariffs. In March 2009, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) started a solar gross feed-in tariff. For systems up to 10 kW the payment was 50.05 cents per kWh. For systems from 10 kW to 30 kW the payment was 40.04 cents per kWh. The payment was revised downward once before an overall capacity cap was reached and the scheme closed. Payments are made quarterly based on energy generated and the payment rate is guaranteed for 20 years.[12][13] In Germany, a guaranteed PV tariff means that Germany now has the highest PV capacity per capita – at 10W for every person in Germany compared to Australia at 2.6W per capita.[14]

Mandatory Renewable Energy Target

Main article: Mandatory renewable energy targets

The Federal Government MRET will ensure renewable energy obtains a 20% share of electricity supply in Australia by 2020. The MRET will increase from 9,500 gigawatt-hours to 45,000 gigawatt-hours by 2020. The scheme lasts until 2030.[15]

The MRET requires wholesale purchasers of electricity (such as electricity retailers or industrial operations) to purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), created through the generation of electricity from renewable sources. These sources include Wind, Hydro, Landfill Gas and Geothermal, as well as Solar PV and Solar Thermal, providing a stimulus and additional revenue for these technologies.

Subsidy funding

The Solar Flagships program sets aside $1.6 billion for solar power.[16] The government funding is for 4 new solar plants that produce coal plant scale power (in total up to 1000 MW - coal plants typically produce 500 to 2,000 MW). This subsidy would need additional funding from the plant builders and/or operators. As a comparison Abengoa Solar, a company currently constructing solar thermal plants, put the cost of a 300 MW plant at 1.2 billion euros in 2007. In 2009, the Arizona state government announced a 200 MW plant for 1 billion US dollars.[17][18]

Projects

Status by state

The list of solar power projects below is not complete as there are many more sites that have solar power or hybrid solar/wind systems to generate their own power needs. Projects with a power rating less than 30 kW are not listed.

State Project/Location Coordinates Capacity kW Status LGA Company Notes
QLD Coorparoo DC 27°18′S 153°02′E / 27.30°S 153.03°E / -27.30; 153.03 100 Completed December 2012 SEQ Energy Solutions Pty Ltd Photovoltaic
NSW Johnson & Johnson Medical 33°45′S 151°01′E / 33.75°S 151.01°E / -33.75; 151.01 200 Commissioned September 2010 Energy Matters Photovoltaic
NSW Dubbo 32°15′S 148°37′E / 32.25°S 148.62°E / -32.25; 148.62 50 Commissioned 1998 Country Energy Photovoltaic
NSW GPG Solar 32°15′S 148°37′E / 32.25°S 148.62°E / -32.25; 148.62 45 commissioned 2008 GPG[19] Photovoltaic
NSW Building 46, Newington Armoury 33°51′S 151°04′E / 33.85°S 151.07°E / -33.85; 151.07 64 Commissioned 1999, refurbished 2007 Sydney Olympic Park Authority Photovoltaic
NSW Liddell Power Station[20] 32°22′29″S 150°58′44″E / 32.374851°S 150.979013°E / -32.374851; 150.979013 1,000 Complete Solar Heat and Power / Macquarie Generation Solar thermal
NSW Queanbeyan 35°21′00″S 149°13′48″E / 35.350°S 149.230°E / -35.350; 149.230 50 Commissioned 1999 Country Energy Photovoltaic
NSW Singleton 32°35′28″S 151°10′37″E / 32.591°S 151.177°E / -32.591; 151.177 400 Commissioned 1998 Energy Australia Photovoltaic
NSW Sydney Superdome 33°52′12″S 151°10′12″E / 33.870°S 151.170°E / -33.870; 151.170 70 Commissioned 1999 Energy Australia Photovoltaic
NSW White Cliffs Solar Power Station 30°51′22″S 143°05′20″E / 30.856°S 143.089°E / -30.856; 143.089 45 Constructed 1981 25 kW,
upgraded 1996,
decommissioned 2004 		White Cliffs Originally steam piston
then photovoltaic
VIC Queen Victoria Market 37°48′25″S 144°57′36″E / 37.807°S 144.960°E / -37.807; 144.960 200 Commissioned 2003 Melbourne City Council Photovoltaic
VIC Ballarat Solar Park. Ballarat Aerodrome. Mitchell Park, Ballarat. 37°30′S 143°48′E / 37.50°S 143.80°E / -37.50; 143.80 300 Commissioned 2009 Ballarat Origin Energy / Sharp Corporation Photovoltaic. Victoria's first ground mounted, flat plate and grid-connected solar farm[21][22]
VIC Bendigo Solar Park. 36°45′S 144°15′E / 36.75°S 144.25°E / -36.75; 144.25 300 Commissioned 2009 Bendigo Origin Energy / Sharp Corporation Photovoltaic. Victoria's first ground mounted, flat plate and grid-connected solar farm[21][22]
VIC Bridgewater Solar Plant, Bridgewater, Victoria 36°35′S 143°55′E / 36.59°S 143.91°E / -36.59; 143.91 500 Commissioned 2010 Shire of Loddon Silex Systems Ltd Australia's largest concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) solar power station[23]
VIC NextDC M1 Data Centre, Port Melbourne, Victoria 400 Under construction June 2013 Energy Matters Will be Australia's largest privately owned rooftop photovoltaic solar system[24]
QLD Cloncurry Solar Farm 20°40′S 140°30′E / 20.67°S 140.50°E / -20.67; 140.50 2,128 Planning Ingenero Was solar thermal, now photovoltaic[25]
QLD University of Queensland St Lucia campus 27°29′52″S 153°00′46″E / 27.4978°S 153.0128°E / -27.4978; 153.0128 1,220 Completed July 2011 Ingenero, Trina Solar, RedFlow Photovoltaic[26][27]
QLD Fraser Coast Solar Farm 25°20′35″S 152°50′31″E / 25.343°S 152.842°E / -25.343; 152.842 401 Commissioned November 2012 Ingenero Photovoltaic, 1,630x 250W Suntech monocrystalline
QLD Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 27°28′41″S 153°01′44″E / 27.478°S 153.029°E / -27.478; 153.029 202 Completed November 2012 Brisbane Ingenero Photovoltaic, 250W Suntech and 328W SunPower polycrystalline
QLD Jaques Coffee Plantation 16°57′43″S 145°26′17″E / 16.962°S 145.438°E / -16.962; 145.438 80.5 Commissioned May 2012 NSE Solar Photovoltaic, 322 x 250w Xinyou XY250-96F/M5 [28]
QLD Moorooka Shopping Centre 27°31′52″S 153°01′23″E / 27.531°S 153.023°E / -27.531; 153.023 60 Commissioned December 2010 Brisbane Ingenero Photovoltaic 300x 200W Suntech polycrystalline
QLD Kogan Creek Solar Boost Project 26°54′00″S 150°43′59″E / 26.90°S 150.733°E / -26.90; 150.733 44,000 Under Construction Dec 2011 CS Energy Solar thermal[29]
QLD Windorah Solar Farm 26°24′50″S 142°39′38″E / 26.4139°S 142.6606°E / -26.4139; 142.6606 150 Completed October 2008 Ergon Energy, Solar Systems Photovoltaic[30]
SA Adelaide Showgrounds 34°56′43″S 138°35′12″E / 34.945355°S 138.586626°E / -34.945355; 138.586626 1,000 Completed 2009 Built Environs and Solar Shop Australia[31] Photovoltaic[32][33]
SA Wilpena Pound 31°34′12″S 138°34′48″E / 31.570°S 138.580°E / -31.570; 138.580 100 Commenced 1998 AGL Energy Photovoltaic[34]
SA Whyalla 33°01′41″S 137°35′31″E / 33.028°S 137.592°E / -33.028; 137.592 announced March 2008[35][36] Wizard Power Pty Ltd Solar Thermal with ammonia thermochemical storage (1000 homes)
WA Carnarvon 24°54′00″S 113°43′01″E / 24.900°S 113.717°E / -24.900; 113.717 51.1 Commissioned 2005 (15.8)
30.2 added 2007
5.1 added 2012 		Shire of Carnarvon Alexander Fullarton Photovoltaic
WA Greenough River Solar Farm 28°53′20″S 115°07′05″E / 28.889°S 115.118°E / -28.889; 115.118 10,000 Commissioned October 2012[3][37] City of Greater Geraldton Verve Energy and GE Financial Services Photovoltaic
NT Araluen Arts Centre 23°42′04″S 133°51′43″E / 23.701°S 133.862°E / -23.701; 133.862 162 Completed November 2012 Ingenero Photovoltaic, 648x Q-Cells monocrystalline
NT Bulman 13°39′36″S 134°19′48″E / 13.660°S 134.330°E / -13.660; 134.330 56 Commissioned 2002 NT PowerWater Photovoltaic
NT Hermannsburg 23°55′59″S 132°46′01″E / 23.933°S 132.767°E / -23.933; 132.767 192 Commissioned 2005 Solar Systems Photovoltaic
NT Kings Canyon Solar Power Station 24°15′00″S 131°34′12″E / 24.250°S 131.570°E / -24.250; 131.570 241 Commissioned 2003 NT PowerWater Photovoltaic
NT Lajamanu 18°20′17″S 130°37′59″E / 18.338°S 130.633°E / -18.338; 130.633 288 Commissioned 2005 Solar Systems Photovoltaic
NT Yuendumu 22°15′29″S 131°47′49″E / 22.258°S 131.797°E / -22.258; 131.797 192 Commissioned 2005 Solar Systems Photovoltaic
NT Crowne Plaza Alice Springs 23°43′09″S 133°52′39″E / 23.719060°S 133.877619°E / -23.719060; 133.877619 305 Commissioned 2009 SunPower / CAT Projects Photovoltaic[38][39]
NT Uterne Solar Power Station, Alice Springs 23°46′06″S 133°52′05″E / 23.768382°S 133.868033°E / -23.768382; 133.868033 1,000 Commissioned 2011 SunPower Corporation / Power and Water Corporation Photovoltaic[40]
NT Alice Springs Airport 23°47′45″S 133°53′47″E / 23.795840°S 133.896518°E / -23.795840; 133.896518 235 4 November 2010 Ingenero / CAT Projects Concentrated photovoltaics[41][42]
NT Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre, Alice Springs 23°45′43″S 133°52′30″E / 23.761852°S 133.874996°E / -23.761852; 133.874996 201 Commissioned 2008 Desert Knowledge Australia / CAT Projects Various photovoltaic[43][44]
ACT Parliament House Solar Power Pilot Project 35°18′29″S 149°07′26″E / 35.308°S 149.124°E / -35.308; 149.124 43 Commissioned 2011 Canberra Todae Solar / Silex Systems Ltd Photovoltaic[45][46]
ACT Royalla solar farm 20,000 Financing [3]. Auction won September 2012. [4] [5] Canberra Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV) Photovoltaic
QLD Valdora Solar Farm 10,000 Construction slated for 2014 Sunshine Coast (EOI) Photovoltaic [47]
VIC SeaViews Manor 90 2013 Ocean Grove Solar Sunwerx Photovoltaic [48]
VIC Fenning Timber 99 2013 Bairnsdale Solar Sunwerx Photovoltaic [49]

Victoria

The 100 MW PV Mildura Solar Concentrator Power Station is planned and is expected to be completed in 2017.[50] It is expected to be the biggest and most efficient solar photovoltaic power station in the world. The power station is expected to concentrate the sun by 500 times onto the solar cells for ultra high power output. The Victorian power station will generate electricity directly from the sun to meet the annual needs of over 45,000 homes with on-going zero greenhouse gas emissions.[51]

Western Australia

Western Australia now (Oct 2012) has one of the largest solar power farms in Australia, at Walkaway, 70 km SE of Geraldton. The Greenough River Solar farm was opened in October 2012. The 10MW field has 150,000 solar panels.

Northern Territory

There are 30 solar concentrator dishes at three locations in the Northern Territory: Hermannsburg, Yuendumu and Lajamanu. Solar Systems and the Federal government were involved in the projects.

The solar concentrator dish power stations together generate 720 kW and 1,555,000 kWh per year, representing a saving of 420,000 litres of diesel and 1,550 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions.[52]

The solar power stations at these three remote indigenous communities in Australia's Northern Territory are constructed using Solar Systems' CS500 concentrator dish systems. The project cost A$7M, offset by a grant from the Australian and Northern Territory Governments under their Renewable Remote Power Generation Program.[53]

The project won a prestigious Engineering Excellence award in 2005.[53]

The Federal Government has funded over 120 innovative small-scale standalone solar systems in remote indigenous communities, designed by Bushlight, incorporating sophisticated demand side management systems with user-friendly interfaces.

Australian Capital Territory

A new solar power plant will be built on 50 hectares of land in Canberra it will be 20 megawatt facility. It will be powered by 83,000 solar panels enough power for 4,400 homes. Construction is due to begin next year and be completed by 2014, subject to environmental and planning approval. It's going to be the first solar plant facility in the Australian capital. The facility will be built by a Spanish company Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV).[54]

Solar cities program

Main article: Solar Cities in Australia

Solar Cities is a demonstration programme designed to promote solar power, smart meters, and energy conservation in urban locations throughout Australia.[55]

See also

References

  1. ^ Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013-2017
  2. ^ http://www.alicesolarcity.com.au/uterne-solar-power-station
  3. ^ a b Australia's Greenough River Solar Farm Opens Amid Renewable Target Debate, Reuters, Rebekah Kebede, 9 October 2012
  4. ^ Solar Electricity Now Under Half The Cost Of Grid Power For Australian Households
  5. ^ Insolation maps retrieved 2011 April 18
  6. ^ Australian PV Institute, retrieved 8 February 2014
  7. ^ Solar Homes and Communities Plan
  8. ^ Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator
  9. ^ The National Solar Schools Program is on the way
  10. ^ National Solar Schools Program
  11. ^ School Energy Monitoring
  12. ^ ACT Govt. Feed In Tariff factsheet
  13. ^ Feed In Solar Power Calculator
  14. ^ Supply side options for WA stationary energy: An assessment of alternative technologies and development support mechanisms in the Final report to WA Greenhouse and Energy Taskforce by Next Energy in 26 September 2006
  15. ^ Australian Government: Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator [dead link]
  16. ^ "CERPA outlines PV goals as it says solar is centre of Australia's attention". pv magazine. 13 August 2010.
  17. ^ Big Solar Power Plants for Australia
  18. ^ Arizona Government
  19. ^ Solar Panel
  20. ^ ABC: Solar Future, 27 July 2006
  21. ^ a b Stephens, Kim Solar park goes public The Courier. 27 November 2009.
  22. ^ a b Ballarat and Bendigo Solar Parks Fact Sheet
  23. ^ Bridgewater solar plant commences operations
  24. ^ NextDC M1 Data Centre solar system
  25. ^ "Cloncurry Solar Farm Fact Sheet" (PDF). Ingenero Pty Ltd. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
  26. ^ UQ leading the way in solar generation
  27. ^ University of Queensland starts to soak up the sun
  28. ^ "PV output data". Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  29. ^ Kogan Creek Power Station
  30. ^ Windorah - Queensland's first solar farm
  31. ^ Solar Shop
  32. ^ Australia's largest solar power system opens
  33. ^ Adelaide Showgrounds Solar Photovoltaic Project
  34. ^ AGL: "Our history", retrieved 8 February 2014
  35. ^ Solar first for Whyalla
  36. ^ News
  37. ^ Greenough River Solar Farm
  38. ^ Crowne Plaza
  39. ^ Crowne Plaza Alice Springs
  40. ^ Uterne Solar Power Station
  41. ^ Alice Springs Airport
  42. ^ Alice Springs Airport Solar Power Station
  43. ^ Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre
  44. ^ Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre
  45. ^ Solar panels project
  46. ^ Parliament House Solar Power Project
  47. ^ From sugar to solar: Qld council to build 10MW solar farm
  48. ^ [1]
  49. ^ [2]
  50. ^ Tom Arup: "Sunraysia's huge solar farm up and running", in The Age, 17 July 2013
  51. ^ 154MW Victorian Project
  52. ^ Solar Systems projects
  53. ^ a b Hermannsburg, Yuendumu and Lajamanu solar power stations
  54. ^ Big Solar Power a Big Deal in the ACT and Beyond
  55. ^ Solar Cities
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