Defenders (comics): Difference between revisions

Defenders
Defenders
	The Defenders #1.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	Marvel Feature #1 (December 1971)
Created by	Roy Thomas (writer); Ross Andru (artist)
In-story information
Base(s)	Sanctum Sanctorum; Richmond Riding Academy
Roster
	See: List of Defenders members

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The Defenders is a set of fictional superhero groups with fluctuating membership appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. These are usually presented as a "non-team" of individualistic "outsiders" who, in their prior adventures, are known for following their own agendas. The team often battles mystic and supernatural threats.

Its original incarnation was led by Doctor Strange and included Hulk, Namor, and—eventually—Silver Surfer. They first appeared as the Defenders in Marvel Feature #1 (Dec. 1971).

The group had a rotating line-up from 1972 until 1986, with Dr. Strange and the Hulk being usually constant members along with a number of other mainstays such as Valkyrie, Nighthawk, Hellcat, Gargoyle, Beast, the Son of Satan and Luke Cage, and a large number of temporary members. The publication was retitled near the end of the run as The New Defenders but featured none of the original members and only Valkyrie, the Beast and the Gargoyle of the former long-term members. The concept was modified in the 1993–95 series Secret Defenders, in which Dr. Strange assembled different teams for each individual mission. The original team was reunited in a short-lived 2001 series by Kurt Busiek and Erik Larsen. In 2005 Marvel published a five-issue miniseries featuring the classic line-up by J.M. DeMatteis, Keith Giffen and Kevin Maguire. In December 2011 writer Matt Fraction and artist Terry Dodson launched a Defenders series with a mixture of classic and new members, which lasted for 12 issues.

A TV miniseries titled The Defenders is scheduled to premiere in 2017 on Netflix, with the team consisting of Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage and Iron Fist.

Publication history

The origin of the Defenders lies in two crossover story arcs by Roy Thomas prior to the official founding of the team. The first, in Doctor Strange #183 (November 1969), Sub-Mariner #22 (February 1970), and The Incredible Hulk #126 (April 1970) occurred when the Dr. Strange series was canceled and the storyline was completed in another series. Dr. Strange teams with Sub-Mariner then the Hulk to protect the Earth from invasion by Lovecraftian interplanar beings known as the Undying Ones and their leader, the Nameless One. Barbara Norriss, later the host of the Valkyrie, first appears in this story. In the second arc featured in Sub-Mariner #34–35, (February–March 1971), Namor enlists the aid of the Silver Surfer and the Hulk to stop a potentially devastating weather control experiment, inadvertently freeing a small island nation from a dictator and facing the Avengers under the unofficial name of the "Titans Three".^[1]

The Defenders first appeared as a feature in Marvel Feature #1 (December 1971),^[2] where the founding members gathered to battle the alien techno-wizard Yandroth and remained as a team afterward. Due to the popularity of their tryout in Marvel Feature, Marvel soon began publishing The Defenders.^[3] Valkyrie was introduced to the team in issue #4 (February 1973).^[4]^[5] Writer Steve Englehart has stated that he added the Valkyrie to the Defenders "to provide some texture to the group."^[6] Englehart wrote "The Avengers–Defenders War" crossover in The Avengers #116–118 (October–December 1973) and The Defenders #9–11 (October–December 1973).^[7] Len Wein briefly wrote the series^[8] and introduced such characters as Alpha the Ultimate Mutant^[9] and the Wrecking Crew.^[10] He later became the editor for several issues.

Steve Gerber first worked on the characters in Giant-Size Defenders #3 (January 1975) and became the writer of the main title with issue #20 the following month.^[11] He wrote the series until issue #41 (November 1976).^[12] Part of Gerber's oeuvre was reviving forgotten characters; he brought back three pre-Marvel characters, the Headmen,^[13] as well as the Guardians of the Galaxy.^[14] The Defenders met Gerber's Howard the Duck in Marvel Treasury Edition #12 (1976).^[15] In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Gerber and Sal Buscema's run on The Defenders first on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels".^[16]

David Anthony Kraft's run as writer^[17] included "The Scorpio Saga" (issues #46, 48–50) and the "Xenogenesis: Day of the Demons" storyline (issues #58–60).^[18] "The Defender for a Day" storyline in issues #62–64 saw dozens of new applicants attempting to join the Defenders, as well as a number of villains attempting to present themselves as Defenders members in order to confuse the authorities and the public as they commit robberies. Kraft later recalled that reactions to the story's off-beat humor were polarized: "readers were either wildly enthusiastic or absolutely and very utterly appalled."^[19] Kraft and artist Ed Hannigan explained some of the Valykrie's backstory in The Defenders #66–68 (December 1978 – February 1979).^[20]^[21]^[22]

Steven Grant wrote a conclusion to Steve Gerber's Omega the Unknown series in two issues of The Defenders,^[23]^[24]^[25] at the end of which most of the original series' characters were killed. While Gerber seemed unhappy with Grant's conclusion,^[26] it nevertheless tied up the loose ends of the comic series, and is considered "canon" by Marvel.^[27]

Writer J. M. DeMatteis took over the series with issue #92. Coming from a background of writing eight-page horror shorts for DC Comics, DeMatteis found it a struggle to adapt to writing a 22-page superhero comic on a monthly basis.^[28] He and Mark Gruenwald co-wrote The Defenders #107–109 (May–July 1982), which resolved remaining plot points from the Valkyrie story by Kraft and Hannigan published three years earlier.^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32] While working on the series, DeMatteis developed a strong friendship with penciler Don Perlin,^[28] who would draw the series for nearly half its run.

During his run, Perlin recalled, he became what he has characterized as "the first guy, unwittingly, to put profanity in [Comics Code-approved] comics":

This happened in one [issue] of The Defenders. There was a character in there who was a lawyer for the Defenders and his gimmick was that no matter where you saw him in his office, there had to be a TV set on—he was always watching TV. And while I was drawing one of the panels I was listening to a talk show and there was someone on telling how bad cereals for kids were—they were all loaded with sugar. So I drew a picture on the TV of a bunny rabbit holding a box of cereal and across the label where the name of the cereal would be I pencilled in "shit". So I figured, because I used to write nutty comments in the borders and stuff, I thought they'd get a laugh out of it and change it. So they gave it to [Peru-born inker] Pablo Marcos and I don’t know if he knew how to read English or not but he inked it. I walked in one day [to Marvel] ... and [editor-in-chief Jim] Shooter started yelling, "What did you do? Look at it! They called me upstairs and showed me this," and I said, "Wait a minute. That thing goes through an assistant editor, an editor, a proofreader and then you’re supposed to read it. And no one picked it up so don't blame me." So what happened was he said fine, just don’t write anymore comments on your pages.^[33]

The New Defenders

Suffering from creative burnout on the series, DeMatteis felt a change was needed.^[28] As of issue #125, The Defenders was retitled to The New Defenders as the original four members (Doctor Strange, the Silver Surfer, the Hulk, and Namor) are forced to leave the team,^[34] in response to an alien prophecy that states that these four, operating as a group, would be responsible for destroying the world. The Beast then reforms the team as an official super-hero team complete with government clearance.^[35] The "New Defenders" concept provided a substantial boost to the series's sales, but left DeMatteis in a creative drought, as he realized in retrospect that "...I created a book that was exactly the kind of the thing that I hated to write. I made it into a standard superhero team..."^[28] DeMatteis stayed on for only six issues of The New Defenders before turning it over to writer Peter Gillis.

The series's final issue was The New Defenders #152.^[36] Penciler Don Perlin recounted "[Editor] Carl Potts he took me and Peter Gillis to lunch. We went to an Indian restaurant... He said, ‘They canceled the book.’"^[37] In the final issue, several members (Gargoyle, Moondragon, Valkyrie, Andromeda, Manslaughter, Interloper) seemingly die in battle with the Dragon of the Moon.^[38] The remaining members leave the team to join X-Factor. Several of these seemingly-deceased members later returned in issues of Solo Avengers, in Strange Tales vol. 2 #5–7, followed by issues #3–4 of the relaunched Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme series.^[39]^[40]

The Return of the Defenders

In 1990, the original trio reunited in The Incredible Hulk #370–371, in which it was revealed that the prophecy was a hoax. The originals then rejoined with the Silver Surfer in a story entitled The Return of the Defenders running in The Incredible Hulk Annual #18, Namor the Sub-Mariner Annual #2, Silver Surfer Annual #5, and Dr. Strange, Sorcerer Supreme Annual #2.

Secret Defenders

In 1993, Marvel sought to revive the "Defenders" brand as "The Secret Defenders". The new team first appeared, unofficially, in Dr. Strange #50 and later Fantastic Four #374, before being officially introduced in Secret Defenders #1.^[41]^[42] The series premise originally was that Doctor Strange would organize various teams of heroes for certain missions, with him as the leader. Members included Wolverine, Darkhawk, Spider-Woman, Spider-Man, Hulk, Ghost Rider, and others. This would last for the first several months of the title, before Doctor Strange was removed from the book, due to the character being reassigned to the "Midnight Sons" line at Marvel. After an arc where the supervillain Thanos organized a team of "Secret Defenders" for a mission,^[43] leadership of the Secret Defenders passed to Doctor Druid^[44] and the series itself abandoned the revolving door roster in favor of Druid and the Cognoscenti. The series was canceled with Secret Defenders #25.^[45]

Reunion and The Order

In 2001–2002, The Defenders reunited in The Defenders volume 2 #1–12 created by Kurt Busiek and Erik Larsen, immediately followed by The Order #1–6, in which Yandroth manipulated Gaea into "cursing" the primary four Defenders (Doctor Strange, the Sub-Mariner, the Hulk, and the Silver Surfer) so that they would be summoned to major crisis situations. These members were then mind controlled by Yandroth into forming the world-dominating "Order"; once the Order were freed from this control by their fellow heroes (including their teammates Hellcat, Nighthawk, and Valkyrie), the Defenders apparently disbanded. A fill-in issue set between these two series was published in 2011.

2005 Miniseries

A Defenders five-issue miniseries debuted in July 2005, by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, and Kevin Maguire (as a team, best known for their work on DC's Justice League franchise), featuring Doctor Strange attempting to reunite the original four Defenders to battle Dormammu and Umar. This series focuses mostly on humor as the characters spend most of their time arguing with and criticizing one another. The series was later collected into both hardcover and trade paperback collections, entitled Defenders: Indefensible.

The Last Defenders

In 2008 Joe Casey wrote a new miniseries with a new line-up of Defenders as a result of the Super-Human Registration Act and the events of the Civil War.^[46] Nighthawk wanted a team made up of previous Defenders such as Hellcat and Devil Slayer but Tony Stark (Iron Man) makes the decision to select other heroes for the team. The line-up is led by Nighthawk,^[46] with Blazing Skull, Colossus, and She-Hulk as members. The Defenders are assigned to New Jersey under the Fifty State Initiative, because the proximity to New York City demands more experienced heroes than can just be recruited from the ranks of Camp Hammond. The team is disbanded for incompetence but Richmond eventually founds a team outside the Initiative with the Son of Satan, She-Hulk, Krang, and Nighthawk (S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Joaquin Pennyworth). The team reappears in the mini-series Vengeance (2011).

The Offenders

In the 2009 ongoing Hulk series (Issues 10–12), Red Hulk assembles a counter team of supervillains called the Offenders, which includes Baron Mordo, Terrax the Tamer, and Tiger Shark, and fights past versions of their enemies.^[47]^[48]

Fear Itself: The Deep

During the 2011 "Fear Itself" storyline, Doctor Strange forms a new version of the Defenders with Lyra (daughter of Hulk), Namor, Loa (a student of the X-Men), and the Silver Surfer to confront Attuma who has become Nerkkod, Breaker of Oceans. Many past Defenders appear in the last issue.^[49]^[50]

2011 series

Marvel launched a new Defenders series in December 2011, written by Matt Fraction and drawn by Terry Dodson. The new book features Doctor Strange, Red She-Hulk, Namor, the Silver Surfer and Iron Fist. The new series follows the reunion of the Defenders in Fear Itself: The Deep.^[51] During the battle against the Death Celestials the characters Black Cat, Nick Fury, and Ant-Man join the team. The series was cancelled at issue #12. Despite the prophecy supposedly being a hoax, the central storyline of the series involves a reunion of the original four Defenders setting off a chain of events leading to the destruction of the universe. In the final issue, Dr. Strange changes the past so that the reunion never happens, thus erasing all the events of the series.

The Fearless Defenders

February 2013 saw the debut of The Fearless Defenders, a series written by Cullen Bunn with artwork by Will Sliney. Bunn said that he had wanted to write the series, which centers on a new team of Valkyrior, led by Valkyrie and Misty Knight, after writing Fear Itself: The Fearless. It was suggested to him that it should run as a Defenders title, however Bunn explained that beyond the name there is "little connection" to the Defenders.^[52]

Membership

Defenders membership was fluid, yet a few members were relatively constant: the three founders (Doctor Strange, Namor the Sub-Mariner, and the Incredible Hulk), the Silver Surfer, Valkyrie, Nighthawk, Hellcat, and Gargoyle. Membership was clearer in the New Defenders era when the team was more formally organized.

Secret Defenders

This group's composition was even more fluid than that of the original Defenders, but typically included either Doctor Strange or Doctor Druid as leader, joined by a custom selection of heroes chosen for the mission at hand.^[42] At various times, War Machine, Darkhawk, Thunderstrike, Wolverine, the second Spider-Woman, Ant-Man, Iceman, Nomad, and many others were members. At the end of its existence, the group had a somewhat regular composition including Cadaver, Sepulchre, Joshua Pryce, and Doctor Druid.

Other versions

Ultimate Marvel

File:ULTMTSV2006 COV.jpg

Cover to Ultimate New Ultimates#1 (May 2010). Art by Leinil Francis Yu.

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, the Defenders are a group of amateur vigilantes who dress up as superheroes. None of them have superpowers, although they claim to be experienced in crimefighting. Henry Pym is invited to join them, and he accepts, adopting a new identity, Ant-Man, to avoid the potential legal problems of using his growth serum, as it has become the official property of the government. Their members include Ultimate versions of Power Man, Hellcat, Nighthawk, Valkyrie, Black Knight, Son of Satan and Whiz-Kid.^[53] The Ultimate Defenders are much more interested in becoming celebrities rather than actually stopping crimes or saving lives.

Since The Ultimates vol. 3, Pym has rejoined the Ultimates, and the Valkyrie was rewritten as having powers and skills akin to her Earth-616 counterpart, along with expertise in sword fighting, some degree of enhanced strength, and training by Thor.^[54]

The Defenders return in Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates #1 (May 2010) with the original members now possessing superhuman abilities that fit their namesakes. It's revealed that Loki gave them these powers (Valkyrie included), to steal Thor's enchanted hammer Mjolnir.^[55]

What If

In a reality in which Legion has killed Charles Xavier and Magneto, the Defenders were the sole group resisting the regime of the mutant tyrant. They were formed by Captain America (wielding Mjolnir), Captain Britain (wearing the Iron Man armor), Logan (without an adamantium skeleton), Molecule Man, Brother Voodoo (Sorcerer Supreme following the death of Doctor Strange), and the Thing, who wears a prosthetic arm. They are later joined by Sauron and Nate Summers.^[56]

"Age of Ultron"

Following Wolverine's murder of Hank Pym during Age of Ultron, a splinter timeline is created. In the new timeline, the Defenders became the world's premier superhero team after the breakup of the Avengers. The new Defenders line-up consisted of Doctor Strange, Captain America, Wolverine, Janet Van Dyne as Captain Marvel, Thing, Cable, Hulk, and Star-Lord. The group is a resistance against Morgan le Fay who has conquered half of Earth.^[57]

Defenders 2099

During the Secret Wars storyline in the Battleworld domain of 2099, Vision 2099 experiences a premonition of a group of enemies called the Defenders who she predicts will attack the Avengers.^[58] The Defenders 2099 are later revealed to consist of Silver Surfer, Strange, Valkyrie, Roman the Sub-Mariner,and Hulk 2099.^[59]^[60]

"Iron Man: Fatal Frontier"

In the Iron Man: Fatal Frontier storyline taking place in an alternate unnamed reality, a version of the Defenders consisting of Captain America, the Hulk, and Thor encountered Rescue, this reality's version of Ho Yinsen. After a brief fight over a misunderstanding, Rescue joins up with the Defenders.^[61]

In the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline, the Yinsen City region of Battleworld is based on this reality. It is protected by another version of the Defenders, which is that reality's version of the Mighty Avengers. The team is led by Captain Britain (Faiza Hussain) and consists of She-Hulk, White Tiger, Kid Rescue (the armored version of Ho Yinsen's granddaughter Toni), and a variation of the Spider-Man of Earth-138 (that world's version of Hobie Brown).^[62]

In other media

Television

The Defenders are mentioned in the Spider-Man: The Animated Series premiere episode, "Night of the Lizard."
The Defenders are formed in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "Invader From the Dark Dimension". When Baron Mordo possesses Iron Man, Wolverine, the Falcon, and Redwing, a new group is formed by Doctor Strange, Valkyrie, the Hulk, Thor, and the Silver Surfer to stop Mordo.
The Defenders appear in the Avengers Assemble episode "Planet Doom". The Defenders act as the world's sole team of heroes in an alternate timeline where Doctor Doom prevented the formation of the Avengers. In the show, the team consists of Bullseye (Clint Barton), Snap (Sam Wilson), and Slinger (Peter Parker) with the Black Bride (Natasha Romanoff) acting as their mole within Doctor Doom's regime while Brain Trust (a version of Tony Stark whose life was saved by Doctor Doom) and a hazmat suit-wearing Bruce Banner (who Doctor Doom saved from the exposure to gamma energies) are secretly on their side.
On November 6, 2013, Disney and Marvel announced that a Defenders miniseries will air on Netflix, along with four other shows featuring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist.^[63] Charlie Cox, Krysten Ritter, Mike Colter, and Finn Jones had been cast as Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, respectively.^[64]^[65]^[66] It was announced by Marvel that Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez will serve as the showrunners while Drew Goddard will be the executive producer of the show.^[67]^[68]^[69]

Video games

The four founding members of the Defenders each play a role in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. The Silver Surfer can be unlocked with a special code (available to those who pre-ordered the game through specific outlets) or by completing all Comic Book Missions. Both Doctor Strange and Namor are NPC-Striker characters in the GBA version. Doctor Strange is a playable character in most platforms. In all other versions, Bruce Banner originally only appears as an NPC character who aids the heroes in defusing a gamma bomb, though the Hulk was subsequently released as an optional downloadable playable character in the Xbox 360 version. Namor plays a prominent part in the storyline, when the player must assist in averting an uprising in Atlantis, rescuing Namor from the prison of air he has been trapped in and defeating the Atlanteans (now under control of renegades such as Attuma and Tiger Shark). The player can get a Defenders team bonus for using a team of Doctor Strange, Silver Surfer, Luke Cage, Iceman, or the downloadable Hulk or receive a team bonus of Secret Defenders by using Ghost Rider, Hulk, Silver Surfer, and Doctor Strange.

Homages

The two-part Justice League episode "The Terror Beyond" features Doctor Fate, Aquaman, Solomon Grundy, and Hawkgirl banding together to fight an ancient supernatural entity known as Icthulhu. According to Bruce Timm, the team was meant as an explicit homage to the Defenders, with each member paralleling a different Marvel hero (Doctor Fate/Doctor Strange, Aquaman/Namor, Solomon Grundy/Hulk, and Hawkgirl/Nighthawk).^[70] This homage is later taken further in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Wake the Dead" where the DC Animated Universe version of Amazo appears beside the same group as an apparent analogue of the Silver Surfer.
In the Avengers Assemble episode "Doomstroyer", the Hulk is quoted as saying "Defense, do I look like a Defender to you?".

Collected Editions

Marvel Masterworks Defenders

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Volume 1	Sub-Mariner #34–35, Marvel Feature #1–3, The Defenders #1–6	2008	ISBN 978-0785130444
Volume 2	The Defenders #7–16, Giant-Size Defenders #1, The Avengers #115–118	2011	ISBN 978-0785142164
Volume 3	The Defenders #17–21, Giant-Size Defenders #2–4, Marvel Two-In-One #6–7	2012	ISBN 978-0785159612
Volume 4	The Defenders #22–30, Giant-Size Defenders #5, Marvel Super-Heroes #18	2014	ISBN 978-0785166276
Volume 5	The Defenders #31–41, The Defenders Annual #1, Marvel Treasury Edition #12	2015	ISBN 978-0785191827

Essential Defenders

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Volume 1	The Defenders #1–14, Doctor Strange #183, Sub-Mariner #22, 34–35, The Incredible Hulk #126, Marvel Feature #1–3, and The Avengers #115–118	2005	ISBN 978-0785115472
Volume 2	The Defenders #15–30, Giant-Size Defenders #1–5, Marvel Two-in-One #6–7, Marvel Team-Up #33–35, and Marvel Treasury Edition #12	2006	ISBN 978-0785121503
Volume 3	The Defenders #31–60 and The Defenders Annual #1	2007	ISBN 978-0785126966
Volume 4	The Defenders #61–91	2008	ISBN 978-0785130611
Volume 5	The Defenders #92–106, Marvel Team-Up #101, 111, 116, Captain America #268	2010	ISBN 978-0785145370
Volume 6	The Defenders #107–124, The New Defenders #125, The Avengers Annual #11, Marvel Team-Up #119	2011	ISBN 978-0785157540
Volume 7	The New Defenders #126–139, Iceman #1–4, Beauty and the Beast #1–4	2013	ISBN 978-0785184058

Marvel Epic Collections

Title	Volume	Material collected	Year	ISBN
The Defenders: The Six Fingered Hand	6	The Defenders #92-109; Marvel Team-Up #101; Captain America #268	2016	ISBN 978-0785195993

Other Volume One Collected Editions

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
The Defenders: Tournament of Heroes	The Defenders #62-65	2012
Omega the Unknown Classic	Omega the Unknown #1-10 and The Defenders #76-77	2006	978-0785120094
Avengers/Defenders War	The Defenders #8–11 and The Avengers #115–118	2002 (TPB) 2007 (HC)	978-0785108443 (TPB) 978-0785127598 (HC)
The New Defenders Volume 1	The Defenders #122–124 and The New Defenders #125–131	2012	978-0785162469

Defenders Volume 3

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Defenders: Indefensible	The Defenders (Volume 3) #1-5	2006 (HC) 2007 (TPB)	ISBN 978-0785121527 (HC) ISBN 978-0785117629 (TPB)

The Last Defenders

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
The Last Defenders	The Last Defenders #1-6	2008	ISBN 978-0785125075

The Defenders by Matt Fraction (Volume 4)

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Volume 1	The Defenders vol. 4 #1–6, material from Point One #1, and Fear Itself #7	2012	ISBN 978-0785158516
Volume 2	The Defenders vol. 4 #7–12	2013	ISBN 978-0785158530

The Fearless Defenders

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Volume One - Doom Maidens	The Fearless Defenders #1-6	2013	ISBN 978-0785168485
Volume Two - The Most Fabulous Fighting Team of All	The Fearless Defenders #7-12	2014	ISBN 978-0785168492

The Secret Defenders

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Doctor Strange and the Secret Defenders	Secret Defenders #1-11	2016	978-1302901080
Thanos: Cosmics Powers	Secret Defenders #12-14, Cosmic Powers #1-6	2015	978-0785198178
Deadpool and the Secret Defenders	Secret Defenders #15-25	2017	978-1302904173

Other

Title	Material collected	Year	ISBN
Hulk, Vol. 3: Hulk No More (collects the "Defenders vs. Offenders" storyline)	Hulk #10–12 plus #13 and #600	2009 (HC) 2010 (TPB)	ISBN 978-0785139836 (HC) ISBN 978-0785140528 (TPB)
The Incredible Hulk Epic Collection #19: Ghosts of the Past (Contains The Return of the Defenders storyline)	Incredible Hulk #397-406, Annual #18-19; And material from: Namor the Sub-Mariner Annual #2; Silver Surfer Annual #5; Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme Annual #2; Marvel Holiday Special #2	2015	ISBN 978-0785192992

References

^ DeAngelo, Daniel (July 2013). "The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players A History of the Defenders". Back Issue! (65). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 3.
^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1970s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 151. ISBN 978-0756641238. [Roy] Thomas and artist Ross Andru reunited [Doctor] Strange, the Hulk, and Namor as a brand new Marvel superhero team – the Defenders." {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 156: "The Defenders moved into their own bimonthly comic book with The Defenders #1, written by Steve Englehart and penciled by Sal Buscema."
^ Engelhart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The New Defender!" The Defenders, no. 4 (Feb 1973).
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 158: "[The] Enchantress of Asgard, endowed Barbara Norriss with the consciousness, physical appearance, and superhuman powers of Brunnhilde, leader of the Valkyries."
^ Englehart, Steve (n.d.). "The Defenders I". SteveEnglehart.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 160: "Loki and Dormammu manipulated two super-teams into the Avengers-Defenders war starting in The Avengers #116 and The Defenders #9 in October."
^ DeAngelo p. 6
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 166: "Professor Charles Xavier teamed up with the Defenders to oppose Magneto, the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, and Magneto's creation, Alpha the Ultimate Mutant."
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 167: "The Wrecker joined with fellow super-powered convicts to become the criminal Wrecking Crew."
^ DeAngelo p. 7
^ Steve Gerber's run on The Defenders at the Grand Comics Database
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 169: "Writer Steve Gerber teamed up three villains from old Marvel science fiction stories...as the Headmen, a group of would-be criminal masterminds"
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 170: "In this story line by writer Steve Gerber and artist Sal Buscema, the Defenders had traveled to an alternate future, in which they aided the Guardians of the Galaxy against Earth's conquerors, the alien Brotherhood of the Badoon."
^ Marvel Treasury Edition #12 (1976) at the Grand Comics Database
^ Sacks, Jason (September 7, 2010). "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ David Anthony Kraft's run on The Defenders at the Grand Comics Database
^ DeAngelo p. 9-11
^ Kraft, David Anthony (November 1986). "Up Front". Comics Interview. No. 40. Fictioneer Books. p. 5.
^ Kraft, David Anthony (w), Hannigan, Ed (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Val in Valhalla Part One War of the Dead!" The Defenders, no. 66 (Dec 1978).
^ Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed (w), Hannigan, Ed (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Val in Valhalla Part Two We, The Unliving..." The Defenders, no. 67 (January 1979).
^ Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Valhalla Can Wait!" The Defenders, no. 68 (Feb 1979).
^ Grant, Steven (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Mitchell, Steve (i). "Little Triggers!" Defenders, no. 76 (Oct 1979).
^ Grant, Steven; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Milgrom, Al; Stone, Chic; Mitchell, Steve (i). "Waiting for the End of the World!" Defenders, no. 77 (Nov 1979).
^ DeAngelo p. 11
^ Gerber, Steve (June 14, 2005). "The Omega Flap". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 190: "Writer Steven Grant devised this wrap-up of the Omega story line, killing off the other protagonist, James-Michael Starling. The mysterious connection between Omega and Starling was never elaborated upon."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Salicrup, Jim; Higgins, Mike (October 1986). "J. Marc DeMatteis (part 2)". Comics Interview. No. 39. Fictioneer Books. pp. 7–19.
^ DeMatteis, J. M. (w), Perlin, Don (p), Esposito, Mike; Stone, Chic; Trapani, Sal; Milgrom, Al (i). "On Death and Dying..." The Defenders, no. 107 (May 1982).
^ DeMatteis, J. M.; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Perlin, Don (p), Sinnott, Joe; Trapani, Sal; Barta, Hilary; Milgrom, Al (i). "The Wasteland" The Defenders, no. 108 (June 1982).
^ DeMatteis, J. M.; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Perlin, Don (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Vengeance! Cries the Valkyrie!" The Defenders, no. 109 (July 1982).
^ DeAngelo p. 13
^ "Don Perlin". (interview) Adelaide Comics and Books. 2003. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ DeAngelo p. 14
^ DeMatteis, J. M. (w), Perlin, Don (p), DeMulder, Kim (i). "Hello, I Must Be Going. (or...Mad Dogs and Elvishmen!)" The Defenders, no. 125 (Nov 1983).
^ DeAngelo p. 16
^ Aushenker, Michael (April 2007). "The Son of Satan: A Trident True Devil Hero". Back Issue! (21). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 6–13.
^ Gillis, Peter B. (w), Perlin, Don (p), Barras, Dell (i). "The End of All Songs" The Defenders, no. 152 (Feb 1986).
^ Gillis, Peter B. (w), Case, Richard (p), Emberlin, Randy (i). "Dragoncircle" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 3 (March 1989).
^ Gillis, Peter B. (w), Case, Richard (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Dragon's Dream" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 4 (May 1989).
^ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 262: "Writer Roy Thomas and penciller Andre Coates created this new series that ran until 1995."
^ ^a ^b Thomas, Roy (w), Coates, Andre (p), Hudson, Don (i). "A Gathering of Heroes" Secret Defenders, no. 1 (March 1993).
^ Marz, Ron (w), Grindberg, Tom (p), Hudson, Don (i). "Escape" Secret Defenders, no. 14 (April 1994).
^ Brevoort, Tom; Kanterovich, Mike (w), Decaire, Jerry (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Strange Changes, Part 1: Strangers and Other Lovers" Secret Defenders, no. 15 (May 1994).
^ Brevoort, Tom; Kanterovich, Mike (w), Wylie, Bill (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Final Defense, Part 4: Dead on Arrival" Secret Defenders, no. 25 (March 1995).
^ ^a ^b Casey, Joe; Muniz, Jim (2008). The Last Defenders. Marvel Comics. p. 144. ISBN 978-0785125075.
^ Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Vines, Dexter (i). "Love & Death" Hulk, vol. 2, no. 10 (April 2009).
^ Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Vines, Dexter (i). "Trapped in a World They Never Made" Hulk, vol. 2, no. 11 (June 2009).
^ Bunn, Cullen (w), Garbett, Lee (p), Meikis, David (i). "Fear Itself: The Deep" Fear Itself: The Deep, no. 1 (Aug 2011).
^ Bunn, Cullen (w), Garbett, Lee (p), Meikis, David (i). "The Deep" Fear Itself: The Deep, no. 2 (Sep 2011).
^ Norris, Erik (July 25, 2011). "Comic-Con: Matt Fraction's New Defenders". IGN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Morse, Ben (November 12, 2012). "Marvel NOW! Q&A: Fearless Defenders". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Millar, Mark (w), Dillon, Steve (p), Dillon, Steve (i). "The Reserves" Ultimates Annual, no. 1 (Oct 2005).
^ Loeb, Jeph; Madureira, Joe (2009). Ultimates 3, Vol. 1: Who Killed The Scarlet Witch?. Marvel Comics. p. 128. ISBN 978-0785130376.
^ Loeb, Jeph; Cho, Frank (2011). Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates: Thor Reborn. Marvel Comics. p. 136. ISBN 978-0785124825.
^ Remender, Rick (w), Wilkins, Dave (p), Wilkins, Dave (i). "What If Legion Had Killed Xavier and Magneto?" What If?, no. 1 (Feb 2007).
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Peterson, Brandon (p), Peterson, Brandon (i). Age of Ultron, no. 8 (July 2013).
^ David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). "Nueva York. The year 2099" Secret Wars 2099, no. 1 (July 2015).
^ David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). Secret Wars 2099, no. 2 (August 2015).
^ David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). "What the--" Secret Wars 2099, no. 3 (September 2015).
^ Ewing, Al; Gillen, Kieron; Edwards, Neil (2014). Iron Man: Fatal Frontier. Marvel Comics. p. 240. ISBN 978-0785184560.
^ Ewing, Al (w), Davis, Alan (p), Farmer, Mark (i). "Theirs Is A Land With A Wall Around It..." Captain Britain and the Mighty Defenders, no. 1 (September 2015).
^ Lieberman, David; Andreeva, Nellie (November 7, 2013). "Netflix Picks Up Four Marvel Live-Action Series & A Mini Featuring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, Luke Cage For 2015 Launch". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Charlie Cox to Star in Daredevil TV Series for Marvel and Netflix". Variety. May 27, 2014. Archived from the original on November 21, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 4, 2014). "Krysten Ritter To Play Jessica Jones In Marvel's Netflix Series". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hibberd, James (February 25, 2016). "Game of Thrones actor Finn Jones to play Iron Fist". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Storm, Marc (April 15, 2016). "Netflix Original Series Marvel's The Defenders Finds Its Showrunners". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Roberts, James (May 12, 2016). "Jessica Jones Season 2 To Film Right After The Defenders". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Goldman, Eric (August 8, 2016). "The Defenders Executive Producer: Teaming Up Different Marvel Heroes Create Its Own Genre". IGN. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "The Terror Beyond (#39–40)". ToonZone.net. n.d. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

Milne, D.T. The Defenders: A Complete History of the Marvel Comics' Super-Hero Team
Hatcher, Greg. "Trapped in a Friday He Never Made: Essay on Gerber's Omega and The Defenders," Comic Book Resources (Aug. 5, 2006).
Latta, D.K. "Who Remembers Scorpio?," The Masked Bookwyrm. Discussion of the "Scorpio Saga" story-arc.

[1] DeAngelo, Daniel (July 2013). "The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players A History of the Defenders". Back Issue! (65). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 3.

[2] Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1970s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 151. ISBN 978-0756641238. [Roy] Thomas and artist Ross Andru reunited [Doctor] Strange, the Hulk, and Namor as a brand new Marvel superhero team – the Defenders." {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 156: "The Defenders moved into their own bimonthly comic book with The Defenders #1, written by Steve Englehart and penciled by Sal Buscema."

[Defenders4-4] Engelhart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The New Defender!" The Defenders, no. 4 (Feb 1973).

[5] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 158: "[The] Enchantress of Asgard, endowed Barbara Norriss with the consciousness, physical appearance, and superhuman powers of Brunnhilde, leader of the Valkyries."

[6] Englehart, Steve (n.d.). "The Defenders I". SteveEnglehart.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[7] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 160: "Loki and Dormammu manipulated two super-teams into the Avengers-Defenders war starting in The Avengers #116 and The Defenders #9 in October."

[8] DeAngelo p. 6

[9] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 166: "Professor Charles Xavier teamed up with the Defenders to oppose Magneto, the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, and Magneto's creation, Alpha the Ultimate Mutant."

[10] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 167: "The Wrecker joined with fellow super-powered convicts to become the criminal Wrecking Crew."

[11] DeAngelo p. 7

[12] Steve Gerber's run on The Defenders at the Grand Comics Database

[13] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 169: "Writer Steve Gerber teamed up three villains from old Marvel science fiction stories...as the Headmen, a group of would-be criminal masterminds"

[14] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 170: "In this story line by writer Steve Gerber and artist Sal Buscema, the Defenders had traveled to an alternate future, in which they aided the Guardians of the Galaxy against Earth's conquerors, the alien Brotherhood of the Badoon."

[15] Marvel Treasury Edition #12 (1976) at the Grand Comics Database

[16] Sacks, Jason (September 7, 2010). "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[17] David Anthony Kraft's run on The Defenders at the Grand Comics Database

[18] DeAngelo p. 9-11

[19] Kraft, David Anthony (November 1986). "Up Front". Comics Interview. No. 40. Fictioneer Books. p. 5.

[Defenders66-20] Kraft, David Anthony (w), Hannigan, Ed (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Val in Valhalla Part One War of the Dead!" The Defenders, no. 66 (Dec 1978).

[Defenders67-21] Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed (w), Hannigan, Ed (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Val in Valhalla Part Two We, The Unliving..." The Defenders, no. 67 (January 1979).

[Defenders68-22] Kraft, David Anthony; Hannigan, Ed (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Valhalla Can Wait!" The Defenders, no. 68 (Feb 1979).

[23] Grant, Steven (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Mitchell, Steve (i). "Little Triggers!" Defenders, no. 76 (Oct 1979).

[Defenders77-24] Grant, Steven; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Trimpe, Herb (p), Milgrom, Al; Stone, Chic; Mitchell, Steve (i). "Waiting for the End of the World!" Defenders, no. 77 (Nov 1979).

[25] DeAngelo p. 11

[26] Gerber, Steve (June 14, 2005). "The Omega Flap". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Sanderson190-27] Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 190: "Writer Steven Grant devised this wrap-up of the Omega story line, killing off the other protagonist, James-Michael Starling. The mysterious connection between Omega and Starling was never elaborated upon."

[DAK39-28] Salicrup, Jim; Higgins, Mike (October 1986). "J. Marc DeMatteis (part 2)". Comics Interview. No. 39. Fictioneer Books. pp. 7–19.

[Defenders107-29] DeMatteis, J. M. (w), Perlin, Don (p), Esposito, Mike; Stone, Chic; Trapani, Sal; Milgrom, Al (i). "On Death and Dying..." The Defenders, no. 107 (May 1982).

[Defenders108-30] DeMatteis, J. M.; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Perlin, Don (p), Sinnott, Joe; Trapani, Sal; Barta, Hilary; Milgrom, Al (i). "The Wasteland" The Defenders, no. 108 (June 1982).

[Defenders109-31] DeMatteis, J. M.; Gruenwald, Mark (w), Perlin, Don (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Vengeance! Cries the Valkyrie!" The Defenders, no. 109 (July 1982).

[32] DeAngelo p. 13

[Best-33] "Don Perlin". (interview) Adelaide Comics and Books. 2003. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[34] DeAngelo p. 14

[35] DeMatteis, J. M. (w), Perlin, Don (p), DeMulder, Kim (i). "Hello, I Must Be Going. (or...Mad Dogs and Elvishmen!)" The Defenders, no. 125 (Nov 1983).

[36] DeAngelo p. 16

[37] Aushenker, Michael (April 2007). "The Son of Satan: A Trident True Devil Hero". Back Issue! (21). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 6–13.

[Defenders152-38] Gillis, Peter B. (w), Perlin, Don (p), Barras, Dell (i). "The End of All Songs" The Defenders, no. 152 (Feb 1986).

[DrStrange3-39] Gillis, Peter B. (w), Case, Richard (p), Emberlin, Randy (i). "Dragoncircle" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 3 (March 1989).

[DrStrange4-40] Gillis, Peter B. (w), Case, Richard (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Dragon's Dream" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 4 (May 1989).

[41] Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 262: "Writer Roy Thomas and penciller Andre Coates created this new series that ran until 1995."

[SDef1-42] Thomas, Roy (w), Coates, Andre (p), Hudson, Don (i). "A Gathering of Heroes" Secret Defenders, no. 1 (March 1993).

[43] Marz, Ron (w), Grindberg, Tom (p), Hudson, Don (i). "Escape" Secret Defenders, no. 14 (April 1994).

[44] Brevoort, Tom; Kanterovich, Mike (w), Decaire, Jerry (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Strange Changes, Part 1: Strangers and Other Lovers" Secret Defenders, no. 15 (May 1994).

[45] Brevoort, Tom; Kanterovich, Mike (w), Wylie, Bill (p), DeZuniga, Tony (i). "Final Defense, Part 4: Dead on Arrival" Secret Defenders, no. 25 (March 1995).

[Last-46] Casey, Joe; Muniz, Jim (2008). The Last Defenders. Marvel Comics. p. 144. ISBN 978-0785125075.

[47] Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Vines, Dexter (i). "Love & Death" Hulk, vol. 2, no. 10 (April 2009).

[48] Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Vines, Dexter (i). "Trapped in a World They Never Made" Hulk, vol. 2, no. 11 (June 2009).

[49] Bunn, Cullen (w), Garbett, Lee (p), Meikis, David (i). "Fear Itself: The Deep" Fear Itself: The Deep, no. 1 (Aug 2011).

[50] Bunn, Cullen (w), Garbett, Lee (p), Meikis, David (i). "The Deep" Fear Itself: The Deep, no. 2 (Sep 2011).

[51] Norris, Erik (July 25, 2011). "Comic-Con: Matt Fraction's New Defenders". IGN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[52] Morse, Ben (November 12, 2012). "Marvel NOW! Q&A: Fearless Defenders". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Ultimates-53] Millar, Mark (w), Dillon, Steve (p), Dillon, Steve (i). "The Reserves" Ultimates Annual, no. 1 (Oct 2005).

[54] Loeb, Jeph; Madureira, Joe (2009). Ultimates 3, Vol. 1: Who Killed The Scarlet Witch?. Marvel Comics. p. 128. ISBN 978-0785130376.

[55] Loeb, Jeph; Cho, Frank (2011). Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates: Thor Reborn. Marvel Comics. p. 136. ISBN 978-0785124825.

[56] Remender, Rick (w), Wilkins, Dave (p), Wilkins, Dave (i). "What If Legion Had Killed Xavier and Magneto?" What If?, no. 1 (Feb 2007).

[57] Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Peterson, Brandon (p), Peterson, Brandon (i). Age of Ultron, no. 8 (July 2013).

[58] David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). "Nueva York. The year 2099" Secret Wars 2099, no. 1 (July 2015).

[59] David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). Secret Wars 2099, no. 2 (August 2015).

[60] David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). "What the--" Secret Wars 2099, no. 3 (September 2015).

[61] Ewing, Al; Gillen, Kieron; Edwards, Neil (2014). Iron Man: Fatal Frontier. Marvel Comics. p. 240. ISBN 978-0785184560.

[62] Ewing, Al (w), Davis, Alan (p), Farmer, Mark (i). "Theirs Is A Land With A Wall Around It..." Captain Britain and the Mighty Defenders, no. 1 (September 2015).

[63] Lieberman, David; Andreeva, Nellie (November 7, 2013). "Netflix Picks Up Four Marvel Live-Action Series & A Mini Featuring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, Luke Cage For 2015 Launch". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[64] "Charlie Cox to Star in Daredevil TV Series for Marvel and Netflix". Variety. May 27, 2014. Archived from the original on November 21, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[65] Andreeva, Nellie (December 4, 2014). "Krysten Ritter To Play Jessica Jones In Marvel's Netflix Series". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[66] Hibberd, James (February 25, 2016). "Game of Thrones actor Finn Jones to play Iron Fist". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[67] Storm, Marc (April 15, 2016). "Netflix Original Series Marvel's The Defenders Finds Its Showrunners". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[68] Roberts, James (May 12, 2016). "Jessica Jones Season 2 To Film Right After The Defenders". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[69] Goldman, Eric (August 8, 2016). "The Defenders Executive Producer: Teaming Up Different Marvel Heroes Create Its Own Genre". IGN. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[70] "The Terror Beyond (#39–40)". ToonZone.net. n.d. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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