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|death_date = 1037 (429 [[Hijri year|AH]])<ref name="Gibb 909"/><br />(aged {{circa}} 56–57)
|death_date = 1037 (429 [[Hijri year|AH]])<ref name="Gibb 909"/><br />(aged {{circa}} 56–57)
|death_place = [[Isfarain]]<ref name="Gibb 909"/>
|death_place = [[Isfarain]]<ref name="Gibb 909"/>
| ethnicity = [[Arab]]
|ethnicity = [[Arab]]
|occupation = [[Mathematician]]
|occupation = [[Mathematician]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
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{{Ash'arism}}
{{Ash'arism}}
'''Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir ibn Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh [[Banu Tamim|al-Tamīmī]] al-Shāfiʿī al-Baghdādī''' ({{lang-ar|أبو منصور عبدالقاهر ابن طاهر بن محمد بن عبدالله التميمي الشافعي البغدادي}}) was an [[Arab]]<ref name="Al-Baghdadi biography">{{cite web |title=Al-Baghdadi biography |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Baghdadi.html |website=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk}}</ref> [[Shafi'i]] scholar, [[Usul al-fiqh|Usul]] Imam, [[heresiologist]] and [[mathematician]].
'''Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir ibn Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh [[Banu Tamim|al-Tamīmī]] al-Shāfiʿī al-Baghdādī''' ({{lang-ar|أبو منصور عبدالقاهر ابن طاهر بن محمد بن عبدالله التميمي الشافعي البغدادي}}), more commonly known as '''Abd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī''' ({{lang|ar|عبد القاهر البغدادي}}) simply '''Abū Manṣūr al-Baghdādī''' was an [[Arab]]<ref name="Al-Baghdadi biography">{{cite web |title=Al-Baghdadi biography |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Baghdadi.html |website=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk}}</ref> [[Sunni]] scholar from [[Baghdad]]. He was considered a leading [[Ash'arite]] [[kalam|theologian]] and [[Shafi'i]] [[Faqih|jurist]]. He was an accomplished [[Principles of Islamic jurisprudence|legal theoretician]], [[man of letters]], [[poet]], [[Prosody|prosodist]], [[Arabic grammar|grammarian]], [[heresiologist]] and [[mathematician]].<ref name="Biography185">{{Harvnb|Gibril Fouad Haddad|2015|p=185}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Gerhard Böwering|2015|p=4}}</ref>


==Life==
== Early life and education ==
'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi was born and raised in [[Baghdad]].<ref name="Keller 1021">{{cite book|title=Reliance of the Traveller. A classic manual of Islamic Sacred Law|page=1021|last=Keller|first=Nuh Ha Mim|publisher=Amana Publications|date=1997|location=Beltsville, Maryland|isbn=0915957728}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Arab]] tribe of [[Banu Tamim]].<ref name="Al-Baghdadi biography"/> He received his education in [[Nishabur]] and subsequently taught 17 subjects, including law, usul, arithmetic, law of inheritance and theology.<ref name="Gibb 909"/> Most of the scholars of [[Khurasan]] were his pupils.<ref name="Gibb 909"/> [[Ibn 'Asakir]] writes that Abu Mansur met the companions of the companions of Imam [[al-Ashari]] and acquired knowledge from them.<ref>{{cite book |last= McCarthy |first=Richard J. |date=1953 |title=The Theology of Al-Ashari |publisher=Imprimerie Catholique |page=179}}</ref>
'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi was born and raised in [[Baghdad]].<ref name="Keller 1021">{{cite book|title=Reliance of the Traveller. A classic manual of Islamic Sacred Law|page=1021|last=Keller|first=Nuh Ha Mim|publisher=Amana Publications|date=1997|location=Beltsville, Maryland|isbn=0915957728}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Arab]] tribe of [[Banu Tamim]].<ref name="Al-Baghdadi biography"/> [[Ibn 'Asakir]] writes that Abu Mansur met the students of the companions of Imam [[al-Ashari]] and acquired knowledge from them.<ref>{{cite book |last= McCarthy |first=Richard J. |date=1953 |title=The Theology of Al-Ashari |publisher=Imprimerie Catholique |page=179}}</ref> Among the [[Ashari]] imams of the third generation, he is the senior of [[al-Bayhaqi]] and the identical contemporary of [[Abu Dharr al-Harawi]] and [[Abu Muhammad al-Juwayni]].<ref name="Biography185" /> Abu Mansur was brought in his youth by his father from [[Baghdad]] to [[Nishapur]]. In his new city is where he found his education. Abu Mansur was known as a wealthy man where he donated his whole fortune to the scholars of wisdom until he was qualified to instruct in seventeen various subjects, including fiqh, usul, arithmetic, law of inheritance and theology.<ref name="Gibb 909"/> Most of the scholars of [[Khurasan]] were his pupils.<ref name="Ger4">{{Harvnb|Gerhard Böwering|2015|p=4}}</ref><ref name="Gibb 909"/> He was a senior pupil of [[Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini]], and he and Abu Sahl al-Su'luki steadfastly upheld the [[al-Shafi`i]] view that "the Book cannot be abrogated by the Sunna." In the mosque of `Aqil, Abu Mansur took over as headmaster from Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini, and it was under his tutelage that [[al-Bayhaqi]], [[al-Qushayri]], Abu Khalaf al-Tabari, and Nasir al-Marwazi studied. He studied [[Hadith]] under Abu Bakr al-Isma'ili and others.<ref name="Biography185" /> Due to Turkmen riots near the end of his life, Abu Mansur was forced to flee from Nishapur and established himself as a venerable citizen of [[Esfarayen|Isfayayin]], where he passed away in 449/1038.<ref name="Ger4" /> He was buried right next to his teacher [[Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini]].<ref name="Biography186">{{Harvnb|Gibril Fouad Haddad|2015|p=186}}</ref>


== Works ==
==Reception==
[[Abu Uthman al-Sabuni]] highly praised him and said: “one of the imams of the principles of the Religion and foremost authorities of Islam by consensus of its most eminent and competent scholars.”<ref name="Biography185" />
⚫
'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi wrote several books including ''Kitāb Uṣūl al-Dīn'', a systematic treatise, beginning with the nature of knowledge, creation, how the Creator is known, His attributes, etc.... and ''[[Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq]]'' which takes each sect separately, judges all from the standpoint of orthodoxy and condemns all which deviate from the straight path.<ref name="Gibb 909"/> Both books were major works on the beliefs of [[Ahl al-Sunna]].<ref name="Keller 1021"/>


==Works==
⚫
He also wrote the treatise ''al-Takmila fi'l-Hisab'' which contains results in [[number theory]], and comments on works by [[al-Khwarizmi]] which are now lost.
⚫
'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi was a prolific writer who wrote on numerous subjects and authored several quality books including ''Kitāb Uṣūl al-Dīn'', a systematic treatise, beginning with the nature of knowledge, creation, how the Creator is known, His attributes, etc.... and ''[[Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq]]'' which takes each sect separately, judges all from the standpoint of orthodoxy and condemns all which deviate from the straight path.<ref name="Gibb 909"/> Both books were major works on the beliefs of [[Ahl al-Sunna]].<ref name="Keller 1021"/> His other following known works include:<ref name="Biography185" /><ref name="Biography186" />

⚫
* ''al-Takmila fi'l-Hisab'', a treatise that contain results in [[number theory]], and comments on works by [[al-Khwarizmi]] which are now lost.
* ''Ahkam al-Wat' al-Tamm'', also known as Iltiqa' al-Khitanayn, a book on sexual ethics and pertaining laws in Islam, in four volumes.
* ''Bulugh al-Mada min Usul al-Huda''
* ''Fada'ih al-Karramiyya''
* ''Fada'ih al-Mu`tazila''
* ''al-Fakhir fi al-Awa'il wa al-Awakhir''
* ''Ibtal al-Qawl bi al-Tawallud''
* ''al-`Imad fi Mawarith al-`Ibad'', on inheritance laws.
* ''al-Iman wa Usuluh''
* ''al-Kalam wa al-Wa`id''
* ''Manaqib al-Imam al-Shafi`i''
* ''Mashariq al-Nur wa Madarik al-Surur fi al-Kalam''
* ''al-Milal wa al-Nihal, a heresiological reference-work.
* ''Mi`yar al-Nazar''
* ''Nafy Khalq al-Qur'an''
* ''Naqd Abi `Abd Allah al-Jurjani fi Tarjih Madhhab Abi Hanifa'', in which he states that Imam [[al-Shafi`i]] authored a book in refutation of Brahmans in which he adduces the proofs of Prophethood.
* ''Nasikh al-Qur'an wa Mansukhuh''
* ''al-Qadaya fi al-Dawr wa al-Wasaya''
* ''Sharh Hadith Iftiraq Ummati `ala Ihda wa Sab`in Firqa''
* ''Sharh Miftah Ibn al-Qass'', a book on Shafi`i law.
* ''Al-Asma wa al-Sifat''
* ''Tafdil al-Faqir al-Sabir `ala al-Ghani al-Shakir''
* ''Tafsir al-Qur'an''
* ''al-Tahsil fi al-Usul''
* ''al-Takmila fi al-Hisab''
* ''Ta'wil Mutashabih al-Akhbar''


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 33: Line 61:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Source==
* {{cite book|author=[[Gibril Fouad Haddad]]|title=The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwPnCAAAQBAJ|date=2 May 2015|publisher=[[As-Sunnah Foundation of America]]|chapter=Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi (d. 429)|page=185-186}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Gerhard Böwering]], [[Bilal Orfali]]|title=Salwat al-ʻārifīn wa-uns al-mushtāqīn - The Comfort of the mystics: a manual and anthology of early Sufism|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Comfort_of_the_Mystics/Pae9CwAAQBAJ?hl=en|date=January 8, 2015|publisher=[[Brill Academic Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=9789004233621|page=3-4}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
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[[Category:10th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:10th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:11th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:11th-century Arab people]]

{{iraq-scientist-stub}}
{{Asia-mathematician-stub}}

Revision as of 11:37, 30 May 2024

For other uses, see Baghdadi (disambiguation).
Abū Manṣūr al-Baghdādī
Personal
Bornc. 980
Baghdad[1]
Died1037 (429 AH)[1]
(aged c. 56–57)
Isfarain[1]
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[1]
CreedAsh'ari[2][3]
OccupationMathematician
Part of a series on
Ash'arism
Rock carved with al-'Aqida al-Murshida by Ibn Tumart
Background
Eminent scholars
3rd AH/9th AD
4th AH/10th AD
5th AH/11th AD
6th AH/12th AD
7th AH/13th AD
8th AH/14th AD
9th AH/15th AD
10th AH/16th AD
11th AH/17th AD
12th AH/18th AD
13th AH/19th AD
14th AH/20th AD
Theological works
Institutions
Events
Related groups
Classic
Modern

Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir ibn Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh al-Tamīmī al-Shāfiʿī al-Baghdādī (Arabic: أبو منصور عبدالقاهر ابن طاهر بن محمد بن عبدالله التميمي الشافعي البغدادي), more commonly known as Abd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī (عبد القاهر البغدادي) simply Abū Manṣūr al-Baghdādī was an Arab[4] Sunni scholar from Baghdad. He was considered a leading Ash'arite theologian and Shafi'i jurist. He was an accomplished legal theoretician, man of letters, poet, prosodist, grammarian, heresiologist and mathematician.[5][6]

Life

'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi was born and raised in Baghdad.[7] He was a member of the Arab tribe of Banu Tamim.[4] Ibn 'Asakir writes that Abu Mansur met the students of the companions of Imam al-Ashari and acquired knowledge from them.[8] Among the Ashari imams of the third generation, he is the senior of al-Bayhaqi and the identical contemporary of Abu Dharr al-Harawi and Abu Muhammad al-Juwayni.[5] Abu Mansur was brought in his youth by his father from Baghdad to Nishapur. In his new city is where he found his education. Abu Mansur was known as a wealthy man where he donated his whole fortune to the scholars of wisdom until he was qualified to instruct in seventeen various subjects, including fiqh, usul, arithmetic, law of inheritance and theology.[1] Most of the scholars of Khurasan were his pupils.[9][1] He was a senior pupil of Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini, and he and Abu Sahl al-Su'luki steadfastly upheld the al-Shafi`i view that "the Book cannot be abrogated by the Sunna." In the mosque of `Aqil, Abu Mansur took over as headmaster from Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini, and it was under his tutelage that al-Bayhaqi, al-Qushayri, Abu Khalaf al-Tabari, and Nasir al-Marwazi studied. He studied Hadith under Abu Bakr al-Isma'ili and others.[5] Due to Turkmen riots near the end of his life, Abu Mansur was forced to flee from Nishapur and established himself as a venerable citizen of Isfayayin, where he passed away in 449/1038.[9] He was buried right next to his teacher Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini.[10]

Reception

Abu Uthman al-Sabuni highly praised him and said: “one of the imams of the principles of the Religion and foremost authorities of Islam by consensus of its most eminent and competent scholars.”[5]

Works

'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi was a prolific writer who wrote on numerous subjects and authored several quality books including Kitāb Uṣūl al-Dīn, a systematic treatise, beginning with the nature of knowledge, creation, how the Creator is known, His attributes, etc.... and Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq which takes each sect separately, judges all from the standpoint of orthodoxy and condemns all which deviate from the straight path.[1] Both books were major works on the beliefs of Ahl al-Sunna.[7] His other following known works include:[5][10]

  • al-Takmila fi'l-Hisab, a treatise that contain results in number theory, and comments on works by al-Khwarizmi which are now lost.
  • Ahkam al-Wat' al-Tamm, also known as Iltiqa' al-Khitanayn, a book on sexual ethics and pertaining laws in Islam, in four volumes.
  • Bulugh al-Mada min Usul al-Huda
  • Fada'ih al-Karramiyya
  • Fada'ih al-Mu`tazila
  • al-Fakhir fi al-Awa'il wa al-Awakhir
  • Ibtal al-Qawl bi al-Tawallud
  • al-`Imad fi Mawarith al-`Ibad, on inheritance laws.
  • al-Iman wa Usuluh
  • al-Kalam wa al-Wa`id
  • Manaqib al-Imam al-Shafi`i
  • Mashariq al-Nur wa Madarik al-Surur fi al-Kalam
  • al-Milal wa al-Nihal, a heresiological reference-work.
  • Mi`yar al-Nazar
  • Nafy Khalq al-Qur'an
  • Naqd Abi `Abd Allah al-Jurjani fi Tarjih Madhhab Abi Hanifa, in which he states that Imam al-Shafi`i authored a book in refutation of Brahmans in which he adduces the proofs of Prophethood.
  • Nasikh al-Qur'an wa Mansukhuh
  • al-Qadaya fi al-Dawr wa al-Wasaya
  • Sharh Hadith Iftiraq Ummati `ala Ihda wa Sab`in Firqa
  • Sharh Miftah Ibn al-Qass, a book on Shafi`i law.
  • Al-Asma wa al-Sifat
  • Tafdil al-Faqir al-Sabir `ala al-Ghani al-Shakir
  • Tafsir al-Qur'an
  • al-Tahsil fi al-Usul
  • al-Takmila fi al-Hisab
  • Ta'wil Mutashabih al-Akhbar

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch., eds. (1960). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 909. OCLC 495469456.
  2. ^ Anthony, Sean (2011). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism. Brill. p. 72. ISBN 9004216065.
  3. ^ Adang, Camilla; Fierro, Maribel; Schmidtke, Sabine (2012). Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: The Life and Works of a Controversial Thinker (Handbook of Oriental Studies) (Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 1; The Near and Middle East). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 387. ISBN 978-90-04-23424-6.
  4. ^ a b "Al-Baghdadi biography". www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk.
  5. ^ a b c d e Gibril Fouad Haddad 2015, p. 185
  6. ^ Gerhard Böwering 2015, p. 4
  7. ^ a b Keller, Nuh Ha Mim (1997). Reliance of the Traveller. A classic manual of Islamic Sacred Law. Beltsville, Maryland: Amana Publications. p. 1021. ISBN 0915957728.
  8. ^ McCarthy, Richard J. (1953). The Theology of Al-Ashari. Imprimerie Catholique. p. 179.
  9. ^ a b Gerhard Böwering 2015, p. 4
  10. ^ a b Gibril Fouad Haddad 2015, p. 186

Source

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi&oldid=1226399479"