Barbara Boxer

Barbara Boxer
Junior Senator, California
In office January, 1993–Present
Preceded by	Alan Cranston
Succeeded by	Incumbent (2011)
Personal details
Nationality	american
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Stewart Boxer

Barbara Levy Boxer (born November 11, 1940) is an American politician and the current junior U.S. Senator from the State of California.

A Democrat, Boxer was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1992. Throughout her career, Boxer has been a vocal advocate for environmental issues, women's rights, medical research, and gun control. She is generally classified as a progressive in the left wing of her party and is often in conflict with conservative groups.

Early Life and Family

Barbara Levy was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, attended public schools, and graduated from Wingate High School in 1958. Levy graduated from Brooklyn College in 1962 with a degree in Economics, marrying that year Stewart Boxer.

Boxer worked as a stockbroker for the next three years, while her husband went through law school. Later, the couple moved to Greenbrae, Marin County, California, and had two children, Doug and Nicole. During the 1970s Boxer worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun, and as a congressional aide. In 1976 Boxer was elected to the Marin County Board of Supervisors, serving for six years. She served as the first woman president of the board for a portion of those years.

In 1994, their daughter, Nicole Boxer, married Tony Rodham, brother of then First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, in a ceremony at the White House. The couple had one son, Zachary, and divorced in 2000.

Boxer's first novel "A Time to Run", published by San Francisco-based publishing company Chronicle Books, was released to mixed reviews[1] and poor sales [2].

Her practicing religion is Judaism. Boxer is the shortest United States senator currently in office, standing at almost five feet. She uses a box for height when speaking at a podium.

U.S. Representative

Boxer was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, where she represented California District 6 (Marin County) for ten years.

During this time she championed such causes as human rights, environmental protection, military procurement reform and abortion rights. She was also involved in efforts to protect whistleblowers in government, and worked for higher budget allocations for health, biomedical research, and education.

Boxer, a member of the House Armed Services Committee, exposed, with the help of the Project on Military Procurement (now POGO), the infamous $7,600 Pentagon coffee pot and successfully passed more than a dozen procurement reforms - one of which has saved taxpayers more than $2.5 billion.

U.S. Senator

Elections

Senator Boxer's predecessor, the Democrat Alan Cranston, retired in 1992. She won the open seat contest, defeating Bruce Herschensohn, a conservative television commentator, by 5 percentage points. In 1998 she was re-elected for a second term, beating Matt Fong, a former state treasurer, by 10 percentage points. After facing no primaries opposition in the 2004 election, Boxer defeated Republican candidate Bill Jones, a former California Secretary of State, by a margin of 20%, garnering the highest number of votes in the history of direct elections for the U.S. Senate (with 6,955,728 votes [3]), and the third highest vote total in the country in 2004 (behind only presidential candidates George W. Bush and John Kerry).

Bills and Policy Positions

Health Care

Boxer is part of a coalition to increase medical research to find cures for diseases. Boxer authored successful bipartisan legislation to accelerate America's contribution to combat global HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. She authored a Patients’ Bill of Rights in 1997. She has written a bill to make health insurance tax deductible and another bill to make available to the public the health insurance program that members of Congress have. She supports comprehensive prescription drug coverage through Medicare and the ability to purchase lower-cost prescription drugs reimported from Canada.

In October 2002, Boxer urged the Bush Administration to address the causes of the increase in autism cases in California. She wrote HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson to establish a common national standard for the diagnosis of autism; instruct the CDC and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to convene a task force to review the current literature on autism and conduct its own study if necessary; and direct the NIH and CDC to work with the states to create a national chronic disease database.

Boxer is an advocate for stem-cell research.

Education

Boxer authored legislation providing federal funding for local after-school programs, which tend to increase student performance while decreasing juvenile delinquency, crime, and drug use. Her "Computers in Classrooms" law encourages the donation of computers and software to schools.

Boxer supported the No Child Left Behind Act. Since its passage in 2001, she claims that the bill has been underfunded by billions of dollars and aims to make sure it is fully funded, as originally pledged by President Bush.

Boxer has voted to increase the maximum award for the Pell Grant program, which provides grants to lower income students for college. In addition, she has supported tax benefits to help more families pay for higher education.

Boxer has introduced legislation to allow college graduates to refinance their student loans at market rate.

Boxer established the Excellence in Education award to recognize teachers, parents, businesses and organizations that are working to make positive changes in education. Since 1997 Senator Boxer has presented the Excellence in Education Award to 38 recipients. [4]

The Economy

Senators Boxer and John Ensign of (R-NV) are the authors of the Invest in the USA Act. This legislation, which was signed into law in October 2004, encourages American companies to create jobs and stimulate economic growth in the United States.

In March 2004, Boxer offered an amendment to the federal budget to create a $24 billion jobs reserve fund. The reserve would provide funds for establishing a manufacturing jobs tax credit for companies that create jobs in the United States, expanding investment in science research and development, providing a tax credit to small businesses to pay for health insurance for employees, and expanding trade adjustment assistance to help those who lose their jobs because of foreign trade. The Boxer amendment would also end the tax break that companies receive for moving plants overseas.

Boxer offered an amendment in 2004 to increase the national minimum wage. Boxer’s amendment would have increased the minimum wage in three stages from the current $5.15 an hour to $7.00 an hour.

Following the Enron scandal, Boxer again worked to ensure that retirement plans are diversified. She also introduced a bill to prohibit accounting firms from auditing and consulting for the same company.

The Environment

Boxer authored the amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act to ensure that drinking water standards are set to protect vulnerable populations. She has fought to remove arsenic from drinking water, block oil drilling along California’s coast, and revitalize the Superfund.

Boxer successfully led the 2003 Senate floor battle to block oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. In 2005, Boxer voted again to block oil drilling at ANWR.

Boxer has introduced the National Oceans Protection Act (NOPA) of 2005. Some of the provisions of this act are: strengthen ocean governance; protect and restore marine wildlife and habitats; address ocean pollution; improve fisheries management. The bill also addresses needs regarding marine science, research and technology, marine mammals, coastal development, and invasive species.

Boxer is an original co-sponsor of Senator Jim Jeffords’ (I-VT) Clean Power Act. This legislation would reduce emissions of four pollutants coming from power plants; sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and mercury.

Boxer voted to repeal the luxury tax on electric cars and other alternative fuel projects, supported funding for clean fuel vehicles, and introduced legislation to remove subsidies for gas guzzlers.

Women's Rights

Barbara Boxer speaking at an ACLU event.

Boxer authored the Freedom of Choice Act of 2004 and participated in the floor fight for passage of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act.

As a member of the House of Representatives, Boxer authored the original Violence Against Women Act. Later in 1994, she co-sponsored, and the Senate passed, the Violence Against Women Act, which provided reforms to the criminal justice system to better prosecute violent crimes against women, and provided federal funding to local law enforcement agencies for training and equipment necessary for prosecution. Boxer has also authored the Violence Against Children Act, based on the successful VAWA.

Boxer is an original cosponsor of the Title X Family Planning Services Act of 2005, S.844, by Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY). The act addresses reducing unintended pregnancies, reducing the number of abortions, and improving access to women's health care. It authorizes funding for family planning services grants; allows states to provide such services to individuals who may not be eligible for Medicaid; prohibits health insurance providers from excluding contraceptive services, drugs or devices from benefits; establishes a program to disseminate information on emergency contraception; requires hospitals receiving federal funding to offer emergency contraception to victims of sexual assault; provides grants to public and private entities to establish or expand teen pregnancy prevention programs; and requires that federally funded education programs about contraception be medically accurate and include information about health benefits and failure rates.

Boxer does not support restrictions on the availability of abortion, such as the so-called "partial-birth" abortion procedure, and parental notification requirements.

Social Security

Boxer supports the current system of Social Security, and opposes President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. [5], [6]. She introduced the 401(k) Pension Protection Act to protect workers’ retirement by requiring the diversification of 401(k) plans. A modified version of the bill was signed into law as part of the 1997 tax bill.

National Security

After the September 11th attacks, Boxer authored a bill to protect commercial airliners against attacks by shoulder-fired missiles, and wrote the law allowing airline pilots with special training to carry guns in the cockpit.

Senator Boxer has lunch with California Marines during her visit to Iraq. (3/22/2005)

Boxer wrote the High-Tech Port Security Act, and sponsored the Chemical Security Act to address terrorist threats against chemical plants. Senator Boxer also cosponsored comprehensive rail security legislation.

In October 2002 Boxer voted against the joint resolution passed by the U.S. Congress to authorize the use of military force by the Bush Administration against Iraq. [7], [8], [9] Later on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart she characterized that vote as "The best vote of my life."

In June 2005, Senators Boxer and Russ Feingold (D-WI) cosponsored Senate Resolution 171 calling for a timeframe for U.S. troop withdrawal from Iraq.

Boxer's petition demanding an exit strategy from Iraq drew 107,218 signatures. [10]

Election Reform

Senators Boxer and Clinton unveil the Count Every Vote Act. (2/18/2005)

In the 108th U.S. Congress Senators Boxer, Clinton, and Graham (D-FL), introduced legislation that would have required that electronic voting systems provide a paper record to verify a vote.

On January 6, 2005, Boxer joined Representative Stephanie Tubbs Jones of Ohio in filing a Cogressional objection to the certification of Ohio's Electoral College votes in the 2004 U.S. presidential election.[11] She called the objection her "opening shot to be able to focus the light of truth on these terrible problems in the electoral system".[12], [13], [14] The Senate vote on the objection was 1 Yea - 74 Nay, the House vote was 31 Yea - 267 Nay.[15] It was only the second Congressional objection to an entire State's electoral delegation in U.S. history, the first was back in 1877. [16], [17]

On February 18, 2005 Senators Barbara Boxer and Hillary Clinton and Representative Stephanie Tubbs Jones introduced the Count Every Vote Act of 2005, which would provide a voter verified paper ballot for every vote cast in electronic voting machines and ensure access to voter verification for all citizens. The bill mandates that this ballot be the official ballot for purposes of a recount. The bill sets a uniform standard for provisional ballots so that every qualified voter will know their votes are treated equally, and requires the Federal Election Assistance Commission to issue standards that ensure uniform access to voting machines and trained election personnel in every community. The bill also improves security measures for electronic voting machines.

Senator Barbara Boxer receives 4,500 roses for calling attention to problems with America's election system. (2/14/2005)

The act designates Election Day as a federal holiday and requires early voting in each state; enacts "no-excuse" absentee balloting; enacts fair and uniform voter registration and identification; requires states to allow citizens to register to vote on Election Day; requires the Election Assistance Commission to work with states to reduce wait times at polling places; restores voting rights for felons.

The act also restricts the ability of chief state election officials as well as owners and senior managers of voting machine manufacturers to engage in certain kinds of political activity. The bill also makes it a federal crime to commit deceptive practices, such as sending flyers into minority neighborhoods telling voters the wrong voting date, and makes these practices a felony punishable by up to a year of imprisonment.

All provisions of this legislation would take effect no later than the 2006 Federal election.

Bush Nominees

During the confirmation hearings for the Secretary of State nominee Condoleezza Rice in January 2005, Boxer challenged her to admit to mistakes and false statements made by the Bush Administration in leading the U.S. into the 2003 invasion of Iraq. [18] Thirteen Senators voted against the confirmation of Condoleeza Rice, the highest vote against a Secretary of State nominee since 1825. [19], [20], [21]

She later voted against U.S. Attorney General nominee Alberto Gonzales, who had drawn fire for his involvement in U.S. policies condoning torture. [22]

Boxer voted against John Bolton's nomination for U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and filibustered him on the Senate floor. As a result of the strong Democrat opposition Bolton could not obtain Senate approval, however President Bush bypassed the Senate by employing recess appointment, only the second time such an appointment has been used for a United States ambassador to the United Nations since the UN's founding in 1945. The first recess appointment for this position was done back in the late 1940s.

Boxer voted against the confirmation of Chief Justice of the United States nominee John Roberts. [23], [24]

Foreign Policy

In 1997 the Senate passed a Boxer resolution calling on the United States not to recognize the Taliban as the official government of Afghanistan because of its human rights abuses against women. In October 2001, Boxer successfully authored a resolution calling for the inclusion of women in the temporary government of Afghanistan.

Senator Barbara Boxer meets Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. (3/30/2005)

In March 2005 the Senate Foreign Relations Committee passed Boxer's amendment to the Foreign Affairs Reauthorization Bill strongly urging Saudi Arabia to permit women to run for office and vote in all future elections.

Boxer is a cosponsor of S. 495, or the Darfur Accountability Act of 2005, which would impose sanctions against perpetrators of crimes against humanity in Darfur. Sanctions under this legislation include imposition of a military no-fly zone in Darfur, a coordinated effort between the U.S. and Sudanese governments to track down and prosecute individuals in Sudan in any way involved with genocide or other war crimes in Darfur, a call for the Sudanese Government to take an active roll in combating Janjaweed forces within its borders, and a policy of sanctions against the Sudanese government, including sanctions which will affect the petroleum sector, and individual members of the Sudanese government whose actions support the crimes of violent militias in Darfur.

On April 5 2005, the U.S. Senate passed by 52-46 votes an amendment by Senators Boxer and Olympia Snowe (R-ME) that would repeal the Global Gag Rule, which President Bush established by executive order on his first working day in office in 2001. The Global Gag Rule denied U.S. international family planning assistance to organizations that use their own privately raised funds to counsel women on the availability of abortion, advocate for changes to abortion laws, or provide abortion services.

The Internet

Along with Senator George Allen (R-VA), Boxer authored the Jumpstart Broadband Act. This bill would make more spectrum available for use by devices that incorporate new broadband technology, such as WiFi. The Federal Communications Commission is now implementing the Boxer-Allen bill. Boxer is also supporting legislation to provide a 20 percent tax credit for expanding broadband to rural areas.

Boxer opposes access and sales taxes on the Internet, co-authoring a bill with Sen. George Allen in 2001 to extend the Internet tax moratorium for five years. She is also the co-author of bipartisan legislation to protect stock options.

Boxer has joined in introducing the Spy Block Act of 2005, S. 687, in the U.S. Senate. The bill would regulate the unauthorized installation of computer software; require disclosure of software features that may pose a threat to privacy; prohibits false/misleading representations about software that cannot be uninstalled or disabled through usual program removal functions.

Gun Control

Boxer voted to pass the 1994 Crime Bill, which banned various semi-automatic rifles and established the COPS program. She supports reauthorization of both programs. She supports a ban on so-called 'cop-killer' bullets, and authored legislation to require child safety locks on guns.

Boxer introduced legislation requiring that American-made handguns meet the same quality and safety standards as imported handguns.

Gay Rights

Boxer has been a strong voice in support of equal rights for gays and lesbians. She has publicly spoken out against the Federal Marriage Amendment and has been a strong supporter of domestic partnership rights for same-sex couples and their protection from workplace discrimination.

Ideological Ratings

The American Civil Liberties Union has given her 75%.[25]

The League of Conservation Voters has given her 100% on environmental issues. [26]

The National Rifle Association has given her F (the lowest grade). [27]

Awards and Honors

Boxer has been honored in Congress by:

• Consumer Federation of America
• The Coalition to Stop Government Waste
• Planned Parenthood
• The League of Conservation Voters
• Public Citizen
• Sierra Club
• The Center for Environmental Education
• The Center for Defense Information
• The American Association of University Women

Boxer has been recognized as a champion of Human rights by:

• The Anti-Defamation League
• The Human Rights Campaign Fund
• The Leadership Council on Civil Rights

Senate Committee Assignments

Barbara Boxer serves on the:

• Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where she is Ranking Member of the Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs Subcommittee and a member of the Subcommittees on International Operations and Terrorism, and the Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, and Narcotics Affairs.
• Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, where she is Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on National Oceans Policy Study, and a member of the Subcommittees on Aviation, Communications, Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine, and Competition, Foreign Commerce, and Infrastructure.
• Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, where she is Ranking Member on the Superfund and Waste Management Subcommittee and a member of the Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee.

A member of the Senate Democratic Leadership, Boxer serves as the Democratic Chief Deputy Whip, which gives her the job, along with Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin of Illinois, of lining up votes on key legislation. She also serves on the Democratic Policy Committee's Committee on Oversight and Investigations.

Possible Presidential Run in 2008

Boxer is favored by liberal activists as a possible presidential candidate in 2008. There is a campaign to draft her to run for the Presidency.

Major Speeches and Statements

• Excerpts from Senator Boxer's Senate Floor Statement on the Resolution Authorizing the Use of Military Force against Iraq, October 10, 2002
• On Her Objection to the Certification of Ohio’s Electoral College Votes, January 6, 2005
• Transcript from the Confirmation Hearing of Condoleezza Rice, January 18, 2005
• Senate Floor Debate on the Confirmation of Condoleezza Rice as Secretary of State, January 26, 2005
• On the Nomination of Alberto Gonzales to be Attorney General, February 1, 2005
• On the President's Budget, February 7, 2005
• On Social Security, February 11, 2005
• Senate Floor Debate on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, March 16, 2005
• Statement on Earth Day, April 20, 2005
• On the Iraq War, July 6, 2005
• On Karl Rove's CIA Leak, July 20, 2005
• On the Energy Bill, July 29, 2005
• On Her Opposition to the Confirmation of Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts, September 21, 2005

External links

• Barbara Boxer's Senate Website
• Barbara Boxer's PAC for a Change
• Elena Ong's Woman of the Year 2005
• Hero for a New Generation of Democrats
• NPR: Barbara Boxer: Rice Hearings and the 2004 Vote
• Project Vote Smart - Information from PVS including the Senator's biography, issue positions, interest group ratings, committee assignments, campaign finances, and voting record.
• Barbara Boxer On the Issues
• Campaign Contributions Made by Barbara Boxer

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