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→‎Eastern Europe and the Caucasus: Those are personal opinions. It´s absurd to think there are "virtually no immigration" in dozens of countries.
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| Slovak ultra-nationalist,<ref name="HRF">[http://www.hhrf.org/hhrf/index_en.php?oldal=182 New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party] HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, 15 April 2005)</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Liberal nationalism in Central Europe|last=Auer|first=Stefan|edition=|volume=1.|series=Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe|year= 2004|publisher=Routledge |isbn= 9780415314794|page= 44|url= |quote=Miroslav Sladek in the Czech Republic and Jan Slota in Slovakia stand out as two leaders of extreme nationalist parties who...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century|last=Jeffries |first= Ian|year= 2002|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415236713 |page= 352|url= |quote=Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist}}</ref><ref name=Ramet>{{Cite book|title= Whose democracy?: nationalism, religion, and the doctrine of collective rights in post-1989 Eastern Europe|last=P. Ramet|first=Sabrina |year=1997 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=9780847683246|page= 128|url= |quote=...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS, led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...}}</ref><ref name=IHT>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/07/europe/EU_GEN_EU_Slovakia.php |title=International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Nasdaq.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=200906072106dowjonesdjonline000468&title=official-resultsslovak-ultra-nationalists-grab-seat-in-eu-vote |title=Official Results: Slovak Ultra-Nationalists Grab Seat In EU Vote |publisher=Nasdaq.com |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> extremist,<ref name="Mudde">{{Cite book|title= Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe|last=[[Cas Mudde]] |first=|year=2005|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780415355933|page=xvi<!--|nopp=314-->|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245&dq=sns+extremist+party&source=bl&ots=wnfyjLqnlx&sig=wfuD5NmoLykU_WXCRze7vqs4Z8c&hl=en&ei=yYQWSsizFcKQ_Qa99eCDDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#PPR13,M1|accessdate=2009-05-22}}</ref><ref name="Barany">{{Cite book|title= The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics|last=Zoltan D. Barany |year=2002 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location= |isbn= 9780521009102|page=313<!--|nopp=408-->|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yTylND961ZMC&pg=PA313&lpg=PA313&dq=sns+extremist+party&source=bl&ots=_VxIIE_hea&sig=pRZHwg9hNk68Z-_CHIpbibMOKJc&hl=en&ei=9ocWSp23NMOPsAbGhtGRAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#PPA313,M1|accessdate=2009-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/slovakia.htm |title=The Steven Roth Institute: Country reports. Antisemitism and racism in Slovakia |publisher=Tau.ac.il |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Hungarophobia]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5151504.stm |title=BBC: Europe diary: Franco and Finland – section Slovak Nationalism |publisher=BBC News |date=6 July 2006 |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Antiziganism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=2610 |title=European Roma Rights Centre |publisher=Errc.org |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=16759 |title=Slovakia's new rulers, strange bedfellows |publisher=Isn.ethz.ch |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://cepa.ncpa.org/digest/concern-over-new-slovak-government Kristina Mikulova's (Financial Times) article on the pages of CEPA]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref>
| Slovak ultra-nationalist,<ref name="HRF">[http://www.hhrf.org/hhrf/index_en.php?oldal=182 New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party] HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, 15 April 2005)</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Liberal nationalism in Central Europe|last=Auer|first=Stefan|edition=|volume=1.|series=Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe|year= 2004|publisher=Routledge |isbn= 9780415314794|page= 44|url= |quote=Miroslav Sladek in the Czech Republic and Jan Slota in Slovakia stand out as two leaders of extreme nationalist parties who...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century|last=Jeffries |first= Ian|year= 2002|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415236713 |page= 352|url= |quote=Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist}}</ref><ref name=Ramet>{{Cite book|title= Whose democracy?: nationalism, religion, and the doctrine of collective rights in post-1989 Eastern Europe|last=P. Ramet|first=Sabrina |year=1997 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=9780847683246|page= 128|url= |quote=...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS, led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...}}</ref><ref name=IHT>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/07/europe/EU_GEN_EU_Slovakia.php |title=International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Nasdaq.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=200906072106dowjonesdjonline000468&title=official-resultsslovak-ultra-nationalists-grab-seat-in-eu-vote |title=Official Results: Slovak Ultra-Nationalists Grab Seat In EU Vote |publisher=Nasdaq.com |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> extremist,<ref name="Mudde">{{Cite book|title= Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe|last=[[Cas Mudde]] |first=|year=2005|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780415355933|page=xvi<!--|nopp=314-->|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245&dq=sns+extremist+party&source=bl&ots=wnfyjLqnlx&sig=wfuD5NmoLykU_WXCRze7vqs4Z8c&hl=en&ei=yYQWSsizFcKQ_Qa99eCDDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#PPR13,M1|accessdate=2009-05-22}}</ref><ref name="Barany">{{Cite book|title= The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics|last=Zoltan D. Barany |year=2002 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location= |isbn= 9780521009102|page=313<!--|nopp=408-->|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yTylND961ZMC&pg=PA313&lpg=PA313&dq=sns+extremist+party&source=bl&ots=_VxIIE_hea&sig=pRZHwg9hNk68Z-_CHIpbibMOKJc&hl=en&ei=9ocWSp23NMOPsAbGhtGRAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#PPA313,M1|accessdate=2009-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/slovakia.htm |title=The Steven Roth Institute: Country reports. Antisemitism and racism in Slovakia |publisher=Tau.ac.il |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Hungarophobia]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5151504.stm |title=BBC: Europe diary: Franco and Finland – section Slovak Nationalism |publisher=BBC News |date=6 July 2006 |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Antiziganism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=2610 |title=European Roma Rights Centre |publisher=Errc.org |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=16759 |title=Slovakia's new rulers, strange bedfellows |publisher=Isn.ethz.ch |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://cepa.ncpa.org/digest/concern-over-new-slovak-government Kristina Mikulova's (Financial Times) article on the pages of CEPA] {{wayback|url=http://cepa.ncpa.org/digest/concern-over-new-slovak-government |date=20070220215438 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Serbian Radical Party]]
| [[Serbian Radical Party]]

Revision as of 15:13, 26 February 2016

The popular vote in favour of the main nationalist party by European countries.

Nationalist parties in Europe have been on rise since the early 2010s[1][2][3][4][5][6] due to, according to some, austerity measures and immigration.[7][8]

Ruth Wodak stresses that the rise of populist parties across Europe has different reasons in different countries. In a March 2014 article she divided these parties into four groups: "parties [that] gain support via an ambivalent relationship with fascist and Nazi pasts" (e.g., in Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and France), parties that "focus primarily on a perceived threat from Islam" (e.g., in the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland), parties that "restrict their propaganda to a perceived threat to their national identities from ethnic minorities" (e.g., in Hungary, Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom) and parties that "endorse a fundamentalist Christian conservative-reactionary agenda" (e.g., in Poland, Romania and Bulgaria).[9] According to the Economist, the main attraction of far-right parties in the Scandinavian countries is the national culture is under threat.[10]

Overview

Different parts of Europe have nationalist parties with different ideologies and goals. Most nationalist parties in Western Europe are described as right-wing populists.[11] According to Thomas Klau of the European Council on Foreign Relations "as antisemitism was a unifying factor for far-right parties in the 1910s, 20s and 30s, Islamophobia has become the unifying factor in the early decades of the 21st century."[12] Many are Left Wing or Civic Nationalist Parties, which often advocate regionalism.

Nationalist parties are the ruling parties in the two former Yugoslav countries. In the Republic of Macedonia, the VMRO-DPMNE is one of the two major parties in the country. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), founded in 2008 by former Serbian Radical Party members and is led by Tomislav Nikolić. The SNS won plurality in the 2012 parliamentary election and is since the senior party in the Serbian government.

In all other countries, nationalist parties are in opposition. In some countries, nationalist parties are major players in politics, such as in the National Front in France, True Finns in Finland, Austria, Jobbik Hungary, LDPR in Russia, MHP in Turkey, the Golden Dawn in Greece, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Armenia, etc.

Most, if not all, nationalist parties represented in the European Parliament are in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

Nationalist parties in the Eastern European states differ from the ones in Western Europe mostly by the fact that there is virtually no immigration into these countries.[citation needed]


Governments in Belarus and Azerbaijan are often considered totalitarian and elections in these countries have been described unfair and not free and thus the parliaments are effectively controlled by the ruling party.[citation needed]

List

  •   the governing party
  •   giving parliamentary support

National

Party Country Date established % of popular vote Votes Seats Ideology, description
VMRO-DPMNE  Macedonia 1990 43.0% (2014) 481,615
61 / 123
 Macedonian nationalism,[13] Conservatism,[14] Christian democracy,[14][15] National conservatism[16]
Law and Justice  Poland 2001 37.6% (2015) 5,711,687
235 / 460
 Polish nationalism[17]
Swiss People's Party   Switzerland 1971 26.6% (2011) 648,675
54 / 200
 Nationalism,[18][19] conservatism
Danish People's Party  Denmark 1995 21.1% (2015) 741,746
37 / 179
 Anti-immigration,[20][21] Euroscepticism[22][23]
Freedom Party of Austria  Austria 1956 20.5% (2013) 962,313
40 / 183
 Anti-Immigration[24][25]
New Flemish Alliance  Belgium 2001 20.3% (2014) 1,366,397
33 / 150
 Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Jobbik  Hungary 2003 20.2% (2014) 985,029
23 / 199
 Hungarian nationalism,[27][28] Anti-Zionism,[29] Greater Hungary[30]
Finns Party  Finland 1995 17.7% (2015) 524,054
38 / 200
 Finnish nationalism,[31] Anti-Immigration,[32][33] Euroscepticism
National Alliance  Latvia 2010 16.6% (2014) 151,567
17 / 100
 Latvian nationalism[34]
Progress Party  Norway 1973 16.3% (2013) 463,560
29 / 169
 Anti-immigration[35]
Nationalist Movement Party  Turkey 1969 11.90% (2015) 5,694,136
40 / 550
 Turkish nationalism, Pan-Turkism
IRL  Estonia 2006 13.7% (2015) 78,699
14 / 101
 Estonian nationalism,[36][37] National conservatism
National Front  France 1972 13.6% (2012) 3,528,373
2 / 577
 French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism[38][39][40]
Sweden Democrats  Sweden 1988 12.9% (2014) 801,178
49 / 349
 Swedish nationalism,[41] Anti-immigration,[42] Euroscepticism[43]
United Kingdom Independence Party  United Kingdom 1993 12.6% (2015) 3,881,129
1 / 650
 Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
LDPR  Russia 1991 11.7% (2011) 7,664,570
56 / 450
 Russian nationalism, Russian imperialism, Anti-Americanism[44][45]
SDP  Montenegro 1993 11.1% (2012) 40,131
9 / 81
Party for Freedom  Netherlands 2006 10.1% (2012) 950,263
15 / 150
 Anti-Immigration, Anti-Islam
Sinn Féin  Ireland 1905 9.9% (2011) 220,661
14 / 166
 Irish republicanism, Left-Wing Nationalism, Democratic Socialism
Conservative People's Party of Estonia  Estonia 2012 8.1% (2015) 46,772
7 / 101
 Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Order and Justice  Lithuania 2002 7.3% (2012) 100,120
11 / 141
 Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
Attack  Bulgaria 2005 7.3% (2013) 258,481
23 / 240
 Bulgarian nationalism,[46] ultranationalism,[47][48]
Golden Dawn  Greece 1993 6.99% (2015) 379,581
18 / 300
 Greek nationalism, Anti-immigration, Megali Idea,[49] Ultranationalism,[50] Neo-fascist[51]
ADR  Luxembourg 1987 6.6% (2013) 217,683
3 / 60
 conservatism
ARF  Armenia 1890 5.7% (2012) 85,550
5 / 131
 Armenian nationalism, United Armenia[52][53]
Svoboda  Ukraine 1991 4.7% (2014) 742,022
7 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism,[54] Anti-Russian[55]
Slovak National Party  Slovakia 1989 4.6% (2012) 116,420
0 / 150
 Slovak ultra-nationalist,[56][57][58][59][60][61] extremist,[62][63][64] Hungarophobia,[65] Antiziganism[66][67][68]
Serbian Radical Party  Serbia 1991 3.8% (2012) 147,793
0 / 250
 Serbian nationalism, Right-Wing Populism, Euroscepticism, National conservatism
Flemish Interest  Belgium 2004 3.7% (2014) 247,738
3 / 150
 Flemish nationalism, separatism[26]
Croatian Party of Rights  Croatia 1990 3.0% (2011) 72,360
0 / 151
 Croatian nationalism[69][70][71]
Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starčević  Croatia 2009
2.8% (2011)
66,150
1 / 151
 National conservatism, social conservatism, Euroscepticism
Croatian Pure Party of Rights  Croatia 1992
0 / 151
 Croatian nationalism, national conservatism, protectionism
Brothers of Italy – National Alliance  Italy 2012 2.0% (2013) 666,035
9 / 630
 Italian nationalism[72]
Slovenian National Party  Slovenia 1991 1.8% (2011) 19,786
0 / 90
 Slovenian nationalism[73]
Right Sector  Ukraine 2014 1.8% (2014) 284,943
1 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism
National Democratic Party  Germany 1964 1.5% (2013) 635,135
0 / 631
 German nationalism
Greater Romania Party  Romania 1991 1.5% (2012) 108,911
0 / 137
 Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment
National Popular Front  Cyprus 2008 1.1% (2011) 4,354
0 / 59
 Greek nationalism
Congress of the New Right  Poland 2011 1.1% (2011) 151,837
0 / 460
 Euroscepticism
Workers' Party  Czech Republic 2010 0.86% (2013) 42,906
0 / 200
 Czech nationalism
National Liberal Party  Moldova 1993 0.43% (2014) 6,859
0 / 101
National Renovator Party  Portugal 2000 0.33% (2011) 17,548
0 / 230
 Portuguese nationalism
National Front  Albania 1989 0.28% (2013) 4,868
0 / 140
New Force  Italy 1997 0.26% (2013) 89,826
0 / 630
Estonian Independence Party  Estonia 1999 0.18% (2015) 1,047
0 / 101
 Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Tricolour Flame  Italy 1995 0.13% (2013) 44,753
0 / 630
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists  Ukraine 1992 0.05% (2014) 8,976
0 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism
SRP  Poland 1992 0.05% (2011) 9,733
0 / 460
 Polish nationalism
España 2000  Spain 2002 0.04% (2011) 9,266
0 / 350
 Spanish nationalism
Spanish Falange of the JONS  Spain 1933 0.01% (2011) 2,898
0 / 350
 Falangism
National Democracy  Spain 1995 0.01% (2011) 1,867
0 / 350
 Spanish nationalism
British National Party  United Kingdom 1982 0.00% (2015) 1,667
0 / 650
 White nationalism,[74][75][76] Fascism,[77][78][79] Euroscepticism[80]
Swedish Resistance Movement  Sweden 2015 0.00% 0
0 / 349
 Millitant neo-nazi[81]
Conservative Party of Georgia  Georgia 2001
part of Georgian Dream alliance
6 / 150
National Movement  Poland 2012
part of Kukiz'15 alliance
5 / 460
 Polish nationalism, national conservatism, anti-globalization
Belarusian Popular Front  Belarus 1988 — — —

Disputed, de facto independent areas

Party Country Date established % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology, description
Unity Party Georgia (country)  South Ossetia 2003 46.3% (2009) 21,246
17 / 34
Free Motherland Azerbaijan  Nagorno-Karabakh 2005 44.2% (2010) 29,252
14 / 33
National Unity Party Cyprus  Northern Cyprus 1975 44.1% (2009) 622,804
27 / 50
Democratic Party of Kosovo Serbia  Kosovo 1975 32.1% (2010) 224,339
34 / 120
Renewal Moldova  Transnistria 2000 % (2010)
25 / 43
United Abkhazia Georgia (country)  Abkhazia 2004 % (2012)
0 / 35

Regional

Party Country Date established % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats Bosnia and Herzegovina  Republika Srpska 2001 50.5% (2010) 319,615
37 / 83
 Serbian nationalism
Scottish National Party United Kingdom  Scotland 1934 45.4% (2011) 902,915
65 / 129
 Scottish nationalism
Basque National Party Spain Basque Country 1895 34.6% (2012) 383,565
27 / 75
 Basque nationalism
New Flemish Alliance Belgium  Flanders 2001 31.9% (2014) 1,339,943
43 / 124
 Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Convergence and Union Spain  Catalonia 1978 30.7% (2012) 1,116,259
50 / 135
 Catalan nationalism
Sinn Féin United Kingdom  Northern Ireland 1905 26.9% (2011) 178,224
29 / 108
 Irish nationalism
Party of Democratic Action[82] Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 20.2% (2010) 206,926
23 / 98
 Bosniak nationalism
Plaid Cymru United Kingdom  Wales 1925 19.3% (2011) 182,907
11 / 60
 Welsh nationalism
Party of the Corsican Nation France  Corse 2002 35.34% (2015) 52,839
24 / 51
 Corse nationalism
Croatian Democratic Union Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 10.6% (2010) 108,943
12 / 98
 Croatian nationalism
Galician Nationalist Bloc Spain  Galicia 1982 10.1% (2012) 146,027
7 / 75
 Galician nationalism
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians Serbia  Vojvodina 1982 6.2% (2012)
8 / 120
 Hungarian nationalism
Flemish Interest Belgium  Flanders 1992 5.9% (2014) 248,840
6 / 124
 Flemish nationalism

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  45. ^ "Vladimir Zhirinovsky and the LDPR". Foreign Policy Journal. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  46. ^ Magone, José M. (2011), Comparative European Politics: An Introduction, Routledge, p. 386
  47. ^ Katsikas, Stefanos (2011), Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria, I.B. Tauris, p. 64
  48. ^ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007), The Balkans: A Post-Communist History, Routledge, p. 120
  49. ^ "Greek 'Führer' vows to 'take back İzmir' after Istanbul". Hürriyet Daily News. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  50. ^ "Golden Dawn and Syriza clash over 'Heil Hitler' cries in Greek parliament". 17 May 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  51. ^ Smith, Helena (1 June 2013). "Golden Dawn: 'Greece belongs to Greeks. Long live victory!'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  52. ^ Harutyunyan, Arus (2009). Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization. ProQuest. p. 89. ISBN 9781109120127. The ARF strives for the solution of the Armenian Cause and formation of the entire motherland with all Armenians. The party made it abundantly clear that historical justice will be achieved once ethnic Armenian repatriate to united Armenia, which in addition to its existing political boundaries would include Western Armenian territories (Eastern Turkey), Mountainous Karabagh and Nakhijevan (in Azerbaijan), and the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of the southern Georgia, bordering Armenia.
  53. ^ "The Supreme Goals of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation". ARF Shant Student Association. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013. The boundaries of united Armenia must incorporate the territories awarded to Armenia by the Treaty of Sevres, as well as the regions of Nakhijevan, Javakhk, and Artsakh. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 11 August 2006 suggested (help)
  54. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Ukraine", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 5 November 2012
  55. ^ "Svoboda Fuels Ukraine's Growing Anti-Semitism". Algemeiner Journal. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  56. ^ New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, 15 April 2005)
  57. ^ Auer, Stefan (2004). Liberal nationalism in Central Europe. Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 9780415314794. Miroslav Sladek in the Czech Republic and Jan Slota in Slovakia stand out as two leaders of extreme nationalist parties who...
  58. ^ Jeffries, Ian (2002). Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century. Routledge. p. 352. ISBN 9780415236713. Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist
  59. ^ P. Ramet, Sabrina (1997). Whose democracy?: nationalism, religion, and the doctrine of collective rights in post-1989 Eastern Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 128. ISBN 9780847683246. ...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS, led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...
  60. ^ "International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations". International Herald Tribune. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  61. ^ "Official Results: Slovak Ultra-Nationalists Grab Seat In EU Vote". Nasdaq.com. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  62. ^ Cas Mudde (2005). Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. xvi. ISBN 9780415355933. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  63. ^ Zoltan D. Barany (2002). The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN 9780521009102. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  64. ^ "The Steven Roth Institute: Country reports. Antisemitism and racism in Slovakia". Tau.ac.il. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  65. ^ "BBC: Europe diary: Franco and Finland – section Slovak Nationalism". BBC News. 6 July 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  66. ^ "European Roma Rights Centre". Errc.org. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  67. ^ "Slovakia's new rulers, strange bedfellows". Isn.ethz.ch. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  68. ^ Kristina Mikulova's (Financial Times) article on the pages of CEPA Archived (Date missing) at cepa.ncpa.org (Error: unknown archive URL)
  69. ^ "Political Parties". University of North Carolina. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  70. ^ "Ultra-right nationalist Croatian Party of Rights holding hate conference Friday". romea.cz. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  71. ^ "Ante Pavelić". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  72. ^ Wolfram Nordsieck (2013). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  73. ^ Rizman, Rudolf M. (1999), "Radical Right Politics in Slovenia", The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989, Penn State Press, p. 152
  74. ^ Bonnett, Alastair (1998). "How the British Working Class Became White: The Symbolic (Re)formation of Racialized Capitalism". Journal of Historical Sociology. 11 (3): 316. doi:10.1111/1467-6443.00066.
  75. ^ Back, Les; Keith, Michael; Khan, Azra; Shukra, Kalbir; Solomos, John (2002). "New Labour's White Heart: Politics, Multiculturalism and the Return of Assimilation". The Political Quarterly. 73 (4): 445. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.00499.
  76. ^ Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B.; Grant, Diana R.; Chiang, Chau-Pu (2003). "Hate Online: A Content Analysis of Extremist Internet Sites". Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. 3: 29. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2003.00013.x.
  77. ^ Copsey, Nigel (2007). "Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006". Patterns of Prejudice. 41 (1): 61–82. doi:10.1080/00313220601118777.
  78. ^ Renton, David (1 March 2005). "'A day to make history'? The 2004 elections and the British National Party". Patterns of Prejudice. 1 (39): 25. doi:10.1080/00313220500045170.
  79. ^ Wood, C; Finlay, W. M. L. (December 2008). "British National Party representations of Muslims in the month after the London bombings: Homogeneity, threat, and the conspiracy tradition". British Journal of Social Psychology. 47 (4): 707–26. doi:10.1348/014466607X264103. PMID 18070375.
  80. ^ Minkenberg, Michael; Perrineau, Pascal (2007). "The Radical Right in the European Elections 2004". International Political Science Review. 28 (1): 34–26. doi:10.1177/0192512107070401.
  81. ^ http://www.svd.se/nyheter/stockholm/nazisters-vapengomma-sprangd_961055.svd
  82. ^ Party of Democratic Action, SDA. "SDA won the general elections in Bosnia, nationalist on the top again!". klix.ba. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
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