List of political ideologies: Difference between revisions

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In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions:

Goals: how society should be organized.
Methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy or autocracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system. Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".^[1] However, ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. opposition to European integration or the legalization of marijuana). There are several studies that show that political ideology is heritable within families.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups and each group contains ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. They are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. One ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and that parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism

Classical

Mutualism

Individualist

Egoist anarchism

Post-Classical

Conservatism

General

Other

Regional variants

Environmentalism

General

Fascism

General

Other

Identity Movements

Feminism

Men's movement

LGBT social movements

Racial equality movements

Black Power

Liberalism

General

Other

Centrism
- Radical centrism

Christian democracy
- Popolarismo
- Distributism

Social democracy

Libertarianism

Left

Right

Nationalism

General

Other

Regional variants

Religious variants

Unification movements

Zionism

Religious ideologies

Buddhism

Christianity

Hinduism

Islam

Judaism

Mormonism

Sikhism

Khalistan movement

Socialism

Authoritarian

Marxist–Leninist

Other

Libertarian

Other

Regional variants

Religious variants

References

^ D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
^ Bouchard, T. J., and McGue, M. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences. Journal of Neurobiology, 54 (1), 44–45.
^ Cloninger, et al. (1993).^{[citation not found]}
^ Eaves, L. J., Eysenck, H. J. (1974). Genetics and the development of social attitudes. Nature, 249, 288–289.
^ Alford, (2005).^{[citation not found]}
^ Hatemi, P. K., Medland, S. E., Morley, K. I., Heath, A. C., Martin, N.G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics, 37 (3), 435–448.
^ Hatemi, P. K., Hibbing, J., Alford, J., Martin, N., Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 584–600.
^ Settle, J. E., Dawes, C. T., and Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 601–613.
^ Anonymous Conservative. The Evolutionary Psychology Behind Politics.
^ Ecofascism was the Ideology of the minor parties: The Greens of Austria (DGÖ), Green Party of Hungary (MZP) and the Liberal Ecologist Party in Switzerland (Griffin, p. 171).
^ Han S. Park, Han S. (1996). North Korea: Ideology, Politics, Economy. Prentice Hall. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-13-102161-7.

[1] D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.

[2] Bouchard, T. J., and McGue, M. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences. Journal of Neurobiology, 54 (1), 44–45.

[3] Cloninger, et al. (1993).^{[citation not found]}

[4] Eaves, L. J., Eysenck, H. J. (1974). Genetics and the development of social attitudes. Nature, 249, 288–289.

[5] Alford, (2005).^{[citation not found]}

[6] Hatemi, P. K., Medland, S. E., Morley, K. I., Heath, A. C., Martin, N.G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics, 37 (3), 435–448.

[7] Hatemi, P. K., Hibbing, J., Alford, J., Martin, N., Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 584–600.

[8] Settle, J. E., Dawes, C. T., and Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 601–613.

[9] Anonymous Conservative. The Evolutionary Psychology Behind Politics.

[Ecofascism-10] Ecofascism was the Ideology of the minor parties: The Greens of Austria (DGÖ), Green Party of Hungary (MZP) and the Liberal Ecologist Party in Switzerland (Griffin, p. 171).

[11] Han S. Park, Han S. (1996). North Korea: Ideology, Politics, Economy. Prentice Hall. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-13-102161-7.

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 * [[Transfeminism]]
 * [[Homonationalism]]
-* [[Pink Capitalism]]
+* [[Pink capitalism]]
 * [[LGBT conservatism]]
 * [[Queer nationalism]]

v t e Political ideologies
The Establishment Anti Hardline Moderate Political spectrum Far-left Left-wing Centre-left Centrism Centre-right Right-wing Far-right Radical Reactionary Revolutionary
Accelerationism Agrarianism Anarchism Capitalism Christian democracy Communalism Communism Communitarianism Confucianism Conservatism Constitutionalism Corporatism Distributism Social credit Environmentalism Familialism Fascism Nazism Third Position Feminism Fundamentalism Green Hindutva Islamism Liberalism Libertarianism Marxism Masculism Monarchism Royalism Nationalism Republicanism Classical Modern Social democracy Socialism Third Way Zionism
See also	Authoritarianism Anti Collectivism Colonialism Culturalism Inter Mono Multi Extremism Federalism Globalism Imperialism Individualism Internationalism Localism Militarism Nihilism Pacifism Pluralism Populism Progressivism Reformism Regionalism Separatism Statism Syncretism Totalitarianism

Revision as of 03:41, 20 May 2018

Anarchism

Classical

Social

Individualist

Post-Classical

Conservatism

General

Other

Regional variants

Environmentalism

General

Fascism

General

Other

Identity Movements

Feminism

Men's movement

LGBT social movements

Racial equality movements

Liberalism

General

Other

Libertarianism

Left

Right

Nationalism

General

Other

Regional variants

Religious variants

Unification movements

Zionism

Religious ideologies

Buddhism

Christianity

Hinduism

Islam

Judaism

Mormonism

Sikhism

Socialism

Authoritarian

Marxist–Leninist

Other

Libertarian

Other

Regional variants

Religious variants

See also

References