Hāfu: Difference between revisions
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*[[James Hiroyuki Liao]] (born 1985), American actor ([[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] parent) |
*[[James Hiroyuki Liao]] (born 1985), American actor ([[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] parent) |
||
*[[Lisa (Japanese musician, born 1974)|LISA]] (born 1974), Japanese singer (Colombian parent) |
*[[Lisa (Japanese musician, born 1974)|LISA]] (born 1974), Japanese singer (Colombian parent) |
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*[[Mara Lopez]] (born 1991), Filipina actress and surfer (Filipina parent) |
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*[[Loveli]] (born 1989), Japanese model and tarento (Filipino parent).<ref name="nikkan20121119">{{cite web|script-title=ja:ラブリ10日間で13番組/気になリスト|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/p-et-tp0-20121119-1046322.html|publisher=Nikkan Sports|date=November 19, 2012|accessdate=November 7, 2013|language=Japanese}}</ref> |
*[[Loveli]] (born 1989), Japanese model and tarento (Filipino parent).<ref name="nikkan20121119">{{cite web|script-title=ja:ラブリ10日間で13番組/気になリスト|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/p-et-tp0-20121119-1046322.html|publisher=Nikkan Sports|date=November 19, 2012|accessdate=November 7, 2013|language=Japanese}}</ref> |
||
*[[Mike Lum|Michael "Mike" Lum]] (born 1946), American baseball player ([[Americans|American]] parent) |
*[[Mike Lum|Michael "Mike" Lum]] (born 1946), American baseball player ([[Americans|American]] parent) |
||
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*[[Sonoya Mizuno]] (born 1986), British actor and [[Ballerina|ballet dancer]] ([[Argentine British]] parent) |
*[[Sonoya Mizuno]] (born 1986), British actor and [[Ballerina|ballet dancer]] ([[Argentine British]] parent) |
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*[[Erena Mizusawa]] (born 1992), Japanese actor and model ([[Koreans|Korean]] parent) |
*[[Erena Mizusawa]] (born 1992), Japanese actor and model ([[Koreans|Korean]] parent) |
||
*[[Artemio Murakami]] (born 1983), Filipino professional golfer (Filipina parent) |
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*[[Anna Murashige]] (born 1998), Japanese singer ([[Russians|Russian]] parent) |
*[[Anna Murashige]] (born 1998), Japanese singer ([[Russians|Russian]] parent) |
||
*[[Renhō Murata]] (born Lien-fang Hsieh; 1967), Japanese politician ([[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] parent) |
*[[Renhō Murata]] (born Lien-fang Hsieh; 1967), Japanese politician ([[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] parent) |
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*[[Maiko Nakamura|Maiko Rivera Nakamura]] (born 1991), Japanese singer ([[Spanish Filipino]] parent) |
*[[Maiko Nakamura|Maiko Rivera Nakamura]] (born 1991), Japanese singer ([[Spanish Filipino]] parent) |
||
*[[Micheal Nakamura|Micheal Yoshihide Nakamura]] (born 1976), Australian baseball player ([[Australians|Australian]] parent) |
*[[Micheal Nakamura|Micheal Yoshihide Nakamura]] (born 1976), Australian baseball player ([[Australians|Australian]] parent) |
||
*[[Kodo Nakano]] (born 1993), Filipino judoka (Filipina parent) |
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*[[Masa Nakayama]] (1891 – 1976), Japanese politician (American parent) |
*[[Masa Nakayama]] (1891 – 1976), Japanese politician (American parent) |
||
*[[Masao Nakayama]] (1941 – 2011), Micronesian politician and diplomat (Micronesian parent) |
*[[Masao Nakayama]] (1941 – 2011), Micronesian politician and diplomat (Micronesian parent) |
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*[[Tetsuji Tamayama]] (born 1980), Japanese actor ([[Koreans|Korean]] parent) |
*[[Tetsuji Tamayama]] (born 1980), Japanese actor ([[Koreans|Korean]] parent) |
||
*[[Brian Tee]] (born Jaebeom Takata; 1977), American actor ([[Zainichi Korean]] parent) |
*[[Brian Tee]] (born Jaebeom Takata; 1977), American actor ([[Zainichi Korean]] parent) |
||
*[[Akiko Thomson]] (born 1974), Filipina television host, journalist and swimmer (American parent) |
|||
*[[Cayman Togashi]] (born 1993), Japanese footballer ([[Turkish-American]] parent) |
*[[Cayman Togashi]] (born 1993), Japanese footballer ([[Turkish-American]] parent) |
||
*[[Chiaki Tone]] (born 1992), Japanese baseball player (Filipino parent)<ref>{{cite web|title=母フィリピン人の日大・戸根147キロ左腕|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/baseball/news/p-bb-tp3-20141010-1379765.html|publisher=Nikkan Sports Newspaper|accessdate=September 2, 2016|language=Japanese}}</ref> |
*[[Chiaki Tone]] (born 1992), Japanese baseball player (Filipino parent)<ref>{{cite web|title=母フィリピン人の日大・戸根147キロ左腕|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/baseball/news/p-bb-tp3-20141010-1379765.html|publisher=Nikkan Sports Newspaper|accessdate=September 2, 2016|language=Japanese}}</ref> |
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*[[Don Wakamatsu|Wilbur Donald "Don" Wakamatsu]] (born 1963), American baseball player ([[Irish Americans|Irish American]] parent) |
*[[Don Wakamatsu|Wilbur Donald "Don" Wakamatsu]] (born 1963), American baseball player ([[Irish Americans|Irish American]] parent) |
||
*[[Rex Walters]] (born 1970), American basketball player ([[white man|White]] parent) |
*[[Rex Walters]] (born 1970), American basketball player ([[white man|White]] parent) |
||
*[[Kiyomi Watanabe]] (born 1996), Japanese-Filipina judoka (Filipina parent) |
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*[[Eiji Wentz]] (born 1985), Japanese actor and singer ([[German Americans|German American]] parent) |
*[[Eiji Wentz]] (born 1985), Japanese actor and singer ([[German Americans|German American]] parent) |
||
*[[Don Wilson (kickboxer)|Don Wilson]] (born 1954), American [[Kickboxing|kickboxer]] ([[Americans|American]] parent) |
*[[Don Wilson (kickboxer)|Don Wilson]] (born 1954), American [[Kickboxing|kickboxer]] ([[Americans|American]] parent) |
Revision as of 11:03, 21 September 2019
Hāfu (ハーフ, "half") is a Japanese language term used to refer to an individual born to one ethnic Japanese and one non-Japanese parent. A loanword from English, the term literally means "half," a reference to the individual's non-Japanese heritage.[1][2][3][4] While Japan remains one of the most homogeneous societies on the planet, hāfu individuals are well represented in the media in Japan and abroad and recent studies estimate that 1 in 30 children born in Japan are born to interracial couples.[5]
Related terms
In Japanese
- Ainoko (間の子, lit. child in-between) - An ainoko is a Japanese person with a non-Japanese or gaijin (外人, lit. foreigner), parent. It was historically often associated with discriminating sentiment. Almost never used today in Japan.
- Konketsuji (混血児, lit. mixed-blood child) - A konketsuji is a Japanese person with one non-Japanese parent. It is considered a derogatory term.[6]
- Kwōtā (クォーター, lit. quarter) - A kwōtā is a Japanese person with one non-Japanese grandparent. The term is a loanword, based on the English word quarter and refers to an individual's 25%, or one quarter, non-Japanese ancestry.
In Other Languages
- Afro-Asian (also Blasian) - An Afro-Asian is an individual of Black African and Asian ancestry. Blasian, a portmanteau of Black and Asian, is a slang term and is regularly used among English speakers in North America.
- Ainoco (f. Ainoca) - An ainoco is an individual with one Japanese parent. The term is a loanword, based on the Japanese word ainoko (間の子, lit. multiracial) and is used by Portuguese speakers in Brazil and Pohnpeian speakers in Micronesia, both countries with a sizable Japanese populations.
- Amerasian - An Amerasian is an individual of American and Asian, especially East Asian ancestry. Historically, the term referred to children born to local women and American servicemen stationed in East Asia during the Korean and Vietnam Wars. It should not be confused with Asian American, which describes an American citizen of full or partial Asian ancestry.
- Eurasian - A Eurasian is an individual of White European and Asian ancestry.
- Hapa - A hapa is an individual of mixed Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, East Asian and/or Southeast Asian heritage. The term is a loanword, based on the English word half, as hāfu is, but, unlike hāfu, the term does not imply an individual is 50%, or half, of a certain race or ethnicity, only that they are mixed race. It is a Hawaiian term, used by English and Hawaiian speakers in Hawaii and California.
- Mestiço de japonês - A mestiço de japonês (lit. Japanese mestiço) or miscigenado de japonês is an individual, usually an eurasiano, with one Japanese parent, i.e. a nipônico citizen, or a nipo-brasileiro. They are Portuguese terms, used in Brazil, but enjoy less popularity than ainoco and hāfu.
- Mestizo de japonés - A mestizo de japonés (lit. Japanese mestizo) is an individual with one Japanese parent. It is a Spanish term, used in Argentina and Mexico.
History
Prehistoric to feudal Japan
Hāfu refers to a person who has one ethnic Japanese parent and one non-ethnic Japanese parent. The term ethnic Japanese refers to the Indigenous Japanese people of the Japanese archipelago. Over the course of centuries the minority ethnic groups such as the Ainu and Ryukyuans were mostly assimilated into the Yamato population. Mixed race couples and thus hāfu people were rare in feudal Japan. There were mixed Asian couples between ethnic Japanese and other East and Southeast Asian peoples.
The most well-regarded theory is that present-day Yamato Japanese are descendants of both the Indigenous Jōmon people and the immigrant Yayoi people. [7] The Yayoi were an admixture (1,000 BCE–300 CE) of migrants from East Asia (mostly China and the Korean peninsula).
Modern mainland (Yamato) Japanese have less than 20% Jomon people's genomes.[8] In modern Japan, the term Yamato minzoku is seen as antiquated for connoting racial notions that have been discarded in many circles since Japan's surrender in World War II.[9] The term "Japanese people" or even "Japanese-Japanese" are often used instead.[10]
Genetic and anthropological studies indicate that the Ryukyuans are significantly related to the Ainu people and share the ancestry with the indigenous prehistoric Jōmon period (pre 10,000–1,000 BCE) people, who arrived from Southeast Asia and with the Yamato people.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] During the Meiji period, the Ryukyuans distinct culture was suppressed by the Meiji government and faced forced assimilation.[18]
Early modern period
Edo period (1603–1867)
English sailor William Adams, a navigator for the Dutch East India Company, settled in Japan in April 1600. He was ultimately granted the rank of samurai, one of the few non-Japanese to do so. He wed Oyuki (お雪), a Japanese woman and together, they had two children, Joseph and Susanna, who were hāfu.[19]
Chinese military leader Chenggong Zhenga, historically known as Koxinga (1624-1662), was hāfu, born in Japan to a Japanese mother and Chinese father and raised there until the age of seven, known by the Japanese given name, Fukumatsu.[20]
Modern period
Meiji and Taishō period (1868–1926)
Since 1899, the Ainu were increasingly marginalized. During a period of only 36 years, the Ainu went from being a relatively isolated group of people to having their land, language, religion and customs assimilated into those of the Japanese.[21] Intermarriage between Japanese and Ainu was actively promoted by the Ainu to lessen the chances of discrimination against their offspring. As a result, many Ainu are indistinguishable from their Japanese neighbors, but some Ainu Japanese are interested in traditional Ainu culture. [22]
Contemporary period
Shōwa period (post-war) (1945–1989)
The presence of the United States Armed Forces in Japan and Asia saw the birth of many children born to American fathers; these children were called Amerasians. It's estimated that by 1952, anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 Japanese children were fathered by American servicemen, with many of the children placed for adoption by their Japanese mothers due to the stigma of out-of-wedlock pregnancy and miscegenation and the struggles of supporting a child alone in post-war Japan. One orphanage, Seibo Aijien (聖母愛児園, Seibo Aijien, Our Lady of Lourdes Orphanage), in Yokohama, run by Franciscan nuns, opened in 1946 and, by 1948, staff members were caring for 126 children fathered by American servicemen, by 1950 and 136 children.[23][24] A letter, dated 1948, detailed an incident of a malnourished infant born to a Japanese teenager whose American father refused to support for fear his wife would learn of his extramarital affair.[25] Another orphanage, opened in Ōiso by a Japanese woman named Miki Sawada, cared for more than 700 Amerasian children, none of whom were visited or supported by their American fathers.[26]
Heisei period (1989–2019)
Fashionable images of the half Japanese people have become prominent especially with the increased appearance of hāfu in the Japanese media.[27] Hāfu models are now seen on television or fill the pages of fashion magazines such as Non-no, CanCam and Vivi as often as newsreaders or celebrities. The appearance of hāfu in the media has provided the basis for such a vivid representation of them in the culture.[28][29]
One of the earliest terms referring to half Japanese was ainoko, meaning a child born of a relationship between two races. It is still used in Latin America, most prominently Brazil (where spellings such as ainoco, ainoca (f.) and ainocô may be found), to refer to mestizo (broader Spanish sense of mixed race in general) or mestiço people of some Japanese ancestry. Nevertheless, it evolved to an umbrella term for Eurasian or mixed Asian/mestizo, Asian/black, Asian/Arab and Asian/indigenous heritage in general. At the same time it is possible for people with little Japanese or other Asian ancestry to be perceivable just by their phenotype to identify mostly as black, white or mestizo/pardo instead of ainoko, while people with about a quarter or less of non-Asian ancestry may identify just as Asian.
Soon this, too, became a taboo term due to its derogatory connotations such as illegitimacy and discrimination. What were central to these labels were the emphasis on "blood impurity" and the obvious separation of the half Japanese from the majority of Japanese. Some English-speaking parents of children of mixed ethnicity use the word "double."[30] Amerasian is another term for children of mixed ancestry, especially those born to Japanese mothers and U.S. military fathers.
Of the 1 million children born in Japan in 2013, 2.2% had one or more non-Japanese parent.[70] According to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, one in forty-nine babies born in Japan today are born into families with one non-Japanese parent.[31] Most intermarriages in Japan are between Japanese men and women from other Asian countries, including China, the Philippines and South Korea.[32] Southeast Asia too, also has significant populations of people with half Japanese ancestry, particularly in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.
In the 21st century, stereotyping and discrimination against hāfu occurs based on how different their identity, behaviour and appearance is from a typical Japanese person. The hafu of international marriages between Japanese and other Asians tend to blend in easier in Japanese society. They can have a bicultural identity. Their foreign side could be suppressed in Japan's homogeneous culture.
The documentary film Hafu: The Mixed-Race Experience in Japan was released in April 2013. It is about the experiences of five hāfu living in Japan. It deals with issues of identity, multiculturalism, relationships, hardship and stereotyping that they face.[33][34]
In September 2018, Naomi Osaka is the first Japanese woman and hāfu to contest a Grand Slam singles final and the first Japanese Grand Slam singles champion. Naomi Osaka is the winner of the 2018 US Open Women's Singles.[35][36]
Reiwa period (2019–)
The population is aging and decreasing due to the low birthrate in Japan. The fertility rate is about 1.44 children per woman (2019). This is far below the 2.1 children per woman that's required to maintain a stable population. Japan had 126.5 million people in 2018.[37] The population of only Japanese nationals was 124.8 million in January 2019.[38] So there's an estimated 1.7 million foreign residents in Japan which is the highest to date. 2/3rd of all migrants come from China, South Korea, Vietnam and the Philippines. Currently 1 in 4 people is aged 65 and older in Japan. If the birthrate doesn't improve then there will be 1 in 3 old people by 2050.[39]
The percentage of hāfu is increasing, but it is still a minority in Japan. The Government of Japan regards all naturalized Japanese citizens and native-born Japanese nationals with multi-ethnic background as Japanese. It doesn't distinguish based on their ethnicity. There's no official ethnicity census data.[40]
Notable hāfu individuals
Hāfu (ハーフ, "half") describes an individual who is either the child of one Japanese and one non-Japanese parent or, less commonly, two half Japanese parents. Because the term is specific to individuals of ethnic Japanese (Yamato) ancestry, individuals whose Japanese ancestry is not of ethnic Japanese origin, such as Zainichi Koreans (e.g. Crystal Kay Williams and Kiko Mizuhara) will not be listed.[41][42]
- Kiyomi Angela Aki (born 1977), Japanese singer (Italian parent)
- Sayaka Akimoto (born 1988), Japanese television host and singer (Filipino parent)
- Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft (born 1991), American actor and singer and child of Sarah Kawahara and Jamie Alcroft (White American parent)
- Devon Aoki (born 1982), American fashion model (White American parent)
- Minami Bages (born 1986), Japanese actor (French parent)
- Mashu "Matthew" Baker (born 1994), Japanese judoka (American parent)
- Miki Berenyi (born 1967), English singer-songwriter and musician (Hungarian parent)
- Shane Keisuke Berkery (born 1992), Irish-Japanese artist (Irish parent)[43]
- Nichole Bloom (born Nichole Sakura O'Connor; 1989), American actor (Irish American parent)
- Sarah Emi Bridcutt (born 1989), Japanese seiyū (Australian parent)
- Abdul Hakim Sani Brown (born 1999), Japanese sprinter (Ghanaian parent)
- Asuka "Aska" Cambridge (born 1993), Japanese track and field sprinter (Afro-Jamaican parent)[44]
- Asia Carrera (born 1973), American former pornographic actress (German parent).[45]
- Bryan Clay (born 1980), American decathlete (African American parent)
- Ann Curry (born 1956), American TV journalist (White American parent)
- Ian Anthony Dale (born 1978), American actor (American parent)[46]
- Taro Daniel (born 1993), Japanese tennis player (White American parent)
- Farid Yu Darvishsefat (born 1986), Japanese baseball player (Iranian parent)
- Roderick Genki Dean (born 1991), Japanese javelin thrower (British parent)
- Christa Deguchi (born 1995), Canadian judoka (Canadian parent)
- Marié Digby (born 1983), American singer-songwriter and musician (Irish American parent)[47]
- Maya Erskine (born 1987), American actress (European-descent parent)
- Marcos Sugiyama Esteves (born 1973), Japanese volleyball player (Afro-Brazilian parent)
- Ai Fairouz, Japanese seiyū (Egyptian parent)[48]
- Yu Shirota Fernández (born 1985), Japanese actor and singer (Spanish parent)
- Nicola Formichetti (born 1977), Japanese fashion director (Italian parent)
- Christopher Sean Friel (born 1985), American actor (White American parent)
- Jerry Fujio (born 1940), Japanese singer, actor, and tarento (British parent)
- Nicole Fujita (born 1998), New Zealand model and tarento (European New Zealander parent)
- Ayako Fujitani (born 1979), Japanese actress and child of Steven Seagal (White American parent)
- Simon Fujiwara (born 1982), English artist (British parent)
- Cary Joji Fukunaga (born 1977), American film director and screenwriter (Swedish American parent)
- Ailes Gilmour (1912-1993), Japanese-American dancer (American parent)
- Kimiko Glenn, (born 1989), American actress (White American parent)
- Jeremy Guthrie (born 1979), American baseball player (White American parent)
- Rui Hachimura (born 1998), Japanese basketball player (Beninese parent)
- Charlton Atlee Hammaker (born 1958), American MLB pitcher (German American parent)
- Hirokane Harima (born 1998), Hong Kong professional footballer (Hong Kong parent)
- Aria Jasour Hasegawa (born 1988), Japanese footballer (Iranian parent)
- May "May J." Hashimoto (born 1988), Japanese singer (Iranian parent)
- Matt Heafy (born 1986), American musician (White American parent)
- Marie Helvin (born 1952), American fashion model (White American parent)
- Amy Hill (born 1953), American actor and comedian (Finnish American parent)
- Ryuju Hino (born 1995), Japanese figure skater (Russian parent)
- Keston Hiura (born 1996), American baseball player (Chinese parent)
- Rika Hongo (born 1996), Japanese figure skater (British parent)
- Tomohiko Hoshina (born 1987), a Filipino-Japanese judoka (Filipina parent)
- Lynne Hutchison (born 1994), British rhythmic gymnast (British parent)
- Hiroyuki Ikeuchi (born 1976), Japanese actor (Salvadorian parent)
- Carrie Ann Inaba, dance competition judge
- Hideki Irabu (1969 – 2011), Japanese baseball player (American parent)
- Takamasa "Miyavi" Ishihara (born 1981), Japanese singer-songwriter and musician (Korean parent)
- Mark Ishii (born 1991), Japanese seiyuu (Filipino parent).[49]
- Travis Ishikawa (born 1983), American baseball player (White American parent)
- Stefan Daisuke Ishizaki (born 1982), Swedish footballer (Swedish parent)
- Iwa Moto (born 1988), Filipina reality television contestant (Filipina parent)[50]
- Arata Izumi (also known as Neelkanth Narendra Khambholja; born 1982), Indian-Japanese footballer (Gujarati parent)
- Jay'ed (born 1981), Japanese R&B singer-songwriter (Samoan-Maori parent)
- Eddie Jones (born 1960), Australian rugby union coach (Australian parent)[51]
- Richard Nikolaus Eijiro von Coudenhove-Kalergi (1894 – 1972), Austrian nobleman and founder of the Paneuropean Union (Austro-Hungarian parent)
- Koh Gabriel Kameda (born 1975), German violinist (German parent)[52]
- Takehiko Kanagoki (1914-1992), Japanese basketball player and Olympic Games contestant.[53]
- Takeshi Kaneshiro (born 1973), Taiwanese-Japanese actor and singer (Taiwanese mother)
- Kangnam (born 1987), Korean–Japanese singer and television personality (Korean parent)
- Paul Tetsuhiko Kariya (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player (Scottish Canadian parent)
- Irina Mutsuovna Khakamada (born 1955), Russian politician (Armenian-Russian parent)
- Colin Killoran (born 1992), Japanese footballer (Irish parent)
- Niall Killoran (born 1992), Japanese footballer (Irish parent)
- Rie Kaela Kimura (born 1984), Japanese singer (British parent)
- Subaru Kimura (born 1990), Japanese seiyū (German parent)
- Sachio Kinugasa, Japanese baseball player (Black American parent)
- Kane Kosugi (born 1974), American martial artist (Chinese parent)
- Ryō Kurusu (1919 – 1945), Imperial Japanese Army officer (White American parent)
- Karyn Kiyoko Kusama (born 1968), American filmmaker (American parent)
- Kusumoto Ine (1827 – 1903), Japanese physician (German parent)
- Kylee (born 1994), Japanese singer (British-American parent)
- Christel Masami Takigawa Lardux (born 1977), Japanese television presenter (French parent)
- Kyle Larson (born 1992), American stock car racing driver (White American parent)
- Eun-ju Lee (born 1998), South Korean gymnast (Korean parent)
- Sean Ono Lennon (born 1975), American musician and child of Yoko Ono and John Lennon (British parent)
- Ann Lewis (born 1956), Japanese singer (American parent)
- James Hiroyuki Liao (born 1985), American actor (Taiwanese parent)
- LISA (born 1974), Japanese singer (Colombian parent)
- Mara Lopez (born 1991), Filipina actress and surfer (Filipina parent)
- Loveli (born 1989), Japanese model and tarento (Filipino parent).[54]
- Michael "Mike" Lum (born 1946), American baseball player (American parent)
- Lyoto Machida (born 1978), Brazilian mixed marital artist (European Brazilian parent)
- Jiro Manio (born 1992), Filipino actor (Filipina parent)
- Emi Maria (born 1987), Japanese singer (Papuan parent)
- Yūsaku Matsuda (1949 – 1989), Japanese actor (Zainichi Korean parent)
- Kinjiro Matsudaira (1885 – 1963), American inventor and politician (American parent)
- Siti Nur Syatilla binti Amirol Melvin (born 1991), Malaysian actor and model (Malay parent)
- Ariana Miyamoto (born 1994), Japanese beauty pageant contestant and Miss Universe Japan 2015 (African American parent)
- George "Joji" Miller (born 1992), Japanese YouTuber (Australian parent)
- Hikaru Minegishi (born 1991), Filipino footballer (Filipina parent).[55]
- Mitski Miyawaki (born 1990), American singer-songwriter and musician (American parent)
- Sonoya Mizuno (born 1986), British actor and ballet dancer (Argentine British parent)
- Erena Mizusawa (born 1992), Japanese actor and model (Korean parent)
- Artemio Murakami (born 1983), Filipino professional golfer (Filipina parent)
- Anna Murashige (born 1998), Japanese singer (Russian parent)
- Renhō Murata (born Lien-fang Hsieh; 1967), Japanese politician (Taiwanese parent)
- Koji Alexander Murofushi (born 1974), Japanese hammer thrower and Olympic medalist and child of Shigenobu Murofushi (Romanian parent)
- Yuka Murofushi (born 1977), Japanese hammer and discus thrower and child of Shigenobu Murofushi (Romanian parent)
- Yukimi Eleanora Nagano (born 1982), Swedish singer-songwriter (Swedish American parent)
- Noemie Nakai (born 1990), Japanese actor-director (French parent)
- Issey Nakajima-Farran (born 1984), Canadian footballer (White Zimbabwean parent)
- Megumi Nakajima (born 1989), Japanese seiyū (Filipino parent)
- Ayami Nakajo (born 1997), Japanese model (British parent)[56]
- Hikaru Nakamura (born 1987), chess grandmaster (American parent)
- Maiko Rivera Nakamura (born 1991), Japanese singer (Spanish Filipino parent)
- Micheal Yoshihide Nakamura (born 1976), Australian baseball player (Australian parent)
- Kodo Nakano (born 1993), Filipino judoka (Filipina parent)
- Masa Nakayama (1891 – 1976), Japanese politician (American parent)
- Masao Nakayama (1941 – 2011), Micronesian politician and diplomat (Micronesian parent)
- Tosiwo Nakayama (1931 – 2007), President of the Federated States of Micronesia (Micronesian parent)
- Helen Nishikawa (born 1946), Japanese TV presenter (American father)
- Kōki Naya (1940 – 2013), Japanese yokozuna (Ukrainian parent)
- Isamu Noguchi (1904 – 1988), American artist and child of Léonie Gilmour and Yone Noguchi (White American parent)
- Sadaharu Oh (born 1940), Chinese baseball player (Chinese parent)
- Katelyn Ohashi (born 1997), American artistic gymnast (German American parent)[57]
- Apolo Ohno (born 1982), American speed skater and Olympic medalist (White American parent)
- Anza Ohyama (born 1976), Japanese actor and singer (White South African parent)
- Naomi Osaka (born 1997), Japanese tennis player (Afro-Haitian father)
- Sono Osato (1919 – 2018), American dancer (White Canadian parent)
- Marian Irwin Osterhout (1888 – 1973), American plant physiologist (American parent)
- Rina Ōta (born 1988), Japanese model (Russian parent)
- Satoshi Ōtomo (born 1981), Filipino-Japanese footballer (Filipina parent)
- Kana Oya (born 1987), Brazilian-Japanese model (Brazilian parent)
- Louis Ozawa Changchien (born 1975), American actor (Taiwanese parent)
- Maria "Miyabi" Ozawa (born 1986), Japanese AV idol (French Canadian parent)[58]
- Charles John "Yoshio" Pedersen (1904 – 1989), American organic chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Norwegian parent)
- Pile (born 1988), Japanese seiyu (Korean parent)
- Ryan Potter (born 1995), American actor (Jewish American parent)
- Rebecca "Becky" Rabone (born 1984), Japanese tarento (British parent)
- Allison Reed (born 1994), American ice dancer (American parent)
- Cathy Reed (born 1987), Japanese ice dancer (American parent)
- Chris Reed (born 1989), Japanese ice dancer (American parent)
- Sabrina Sato Rahal (born 1981), Brazilian television presenter (Swiss-Lebanese parent)
- David "Dave" Roberts (born 1972), American baseball player (African American parent)
- Gōtoku Sakai (born 1991), Japanese footballer (German parent)
- Rikako Sasaki (born 2001), Japanese singer (Filipino parent)
- Daisuke Sato (born 1994), Filipino-Japanese professional footballer (Filipina parent).
- Erika Sawajiri (born 1986), Japanese actor and singer (Pied-Noir parent)[59]
- Erika Sema (born 1988), Japanese tennis player (French parent)
- Yurika Sema (born 1986), Japanese tennis player (French parent)
- Masato Seto, Japanese photographer (Vietnamese-Thai parent)
- Ayana Shahab (born 1997), Indonesian singer (Arab Indonesian parent)[60]
- Ryu Shichinohe (born 1988), Japanese judoka (Belgian parent)
- Michael "Mike" Shinoda (born 1977), American musician and co-founder of the rock band Linkin Park (American parent)
- Alan Shirahama (born 1993), Japanese actor and DJ (Filipino parent)
- Erika "Aja Kong" Shishido (born 1970), Japanese wrestler (African American parent)
- David Jiménez Silva (born 1986), Spanish footballer (Spanish parent)[61]
- Kartika Sari Dewi Soekarnoputri (born 1967), daughter of President of Indonesia Sukarno (Indonesian parent)
- Yuki Richard Stalph (born 1984), German footballer (German parent)
- Yumi Stynes (born 1975), Japanese-Australian media personality (fifth-generation Australian parent)
- Kentaro Suda (born 1985), Japanese entrepreneur (Malaysian Chinese parent)
- Miki Sudo (born 1985), American competitive eater (European-American parent)
- Noboru Sugai (born 1949), Japanese golfer (Russian parent)[62]
- Musashi Suzuki (born 1994), Japanese footballer (Afro-Jamaican parent)
- Maryjun Takahashi (born 1987), Japanese actress and model (Filipino parent)
- Yu Takahashi (born 1993), Japanese actress and model (Filipino parent)
- Yuji Takahashi (born 1993), Japanese footballer (Filipino parent)
- Cyril Takayama (born 1973), American magician (Moroccan French parent)
- Hiromi Takeuchi (born 1979), Japanese architect (Iranian parent)
- Akira Takayasu (born 1990), Japanese sumo wrestler (Filipino parent)
- Denny Tamaki (born Dennis Tamaki; born 1959), Japanese politician (American parent)
- Tina Tamashiro (born 1997), Japanese actor and model (American parent)
- Tetsuji Tamayama (born 1980), Japanese actor (Korean parent)
- Brian Tee (born Jaebeom Takata; 1977), American actor (Zainichi Korean parent)
- Akiko Thomson (born 1974), Filipina television host, journalist and swimmer (American parent)
- Cayman Togashi (born 1993), Japanese footballer (Turkish-American parent)
- Chiaki Tone (born 1992), Japanese baseball player (Filipino parent)[63]
- Stephanie Nonoshita Topalian (born 1987), American singer (Armenian American parent)
- Reina Triendl (born 1992), Japanese actor and tarento (German parent)
- Anna Tsuchiya (born 1984), Japanese singer (Polish American parent)
- Moyuka Uchijima (born 2001), Japanese tennis player (Malaysian parent)[64]
- Ken Uston (1935-1987), author and card counter (Austrian parent)
- Wilbur Donald "Don" Wakamatsu (born 1963), American baseball player (Irish American parent)
- Rex Walters (born 1970), American basketball player (White parent)
- Kiyomi Watanabe (born 1996), Japanese-Filipina judoka (Filipina parent)
- Eiji Wentz (born 1985), Japanese actor and singer (German American parent)
- Don Wilson (born 1954), American kickboxer (American parent)
- Aaron Wolf (born 1996), Japanese judoka (American parent)
- Jang-choon "Nagaharu U" Woo (1898 – 1959), Korean-Japanese botanist (Korean parent)
- Sho Yano (born 1990), American child prodigy (Korean parent)
- Priyanka Yoshikawa (born 1994), Japanese beauty pageant contestant and Miss World Japan 2016 (Indian Bengali parent)
- Maharu Yoshimura (born 1993), Japanese table tennis player (Filipina parent).[65]
Hāfu in popular culture
- Mikasa Ackerman
- Shuichi Akai
- Erena Amamiya
- Lan Asuka
- Eli Ayase
- Buckaroo Banzai
- Erika Campbell
- Jolyne Cujoh
- Daken
- Ira Gamagoori
- Giorno Giovanna
- Hayato Gokudera
- Ai Haibara (half English)[66]
- Hiro Hamada
- Shukichi Haneda
- Vito Hayakawa
- Josuke Higashikata
- Taichi Hiraga-Keaton
- Cygnus Hyōga
- Kid Kaiju
- Urara Kasugano
- Sentarō Kawabuchi
- Jotaro Kujo
- Arsene Lupin III
- Clarissa Satsuki Maezono
- Peggy Matsuyama
- Kazuhira Miller
- Rebecca Miyamoto
- Louie Nishiwaki
- Mari Ohara
- Rin Okumura
- Suoh Pavlichenko
- Mukuro Rokudo
- Yasutora Sado
- Claudine Saijō
- Tsuna Sawada
- Eriri Spencer Sawamura
- Masumi Sera
- Asuka Langley Soryu
- Kallen Stadtfeld
- Tamaki Suoh
- Pegasus Tenma
- Takumi Usui
- Eve Wakamiya
Generalized usage
In a wider sense, the word can be used to describe a child between any combination of mixed parents. For example "Meghan Markle is a hāfu between a Black and a White".
See also
References
- ^ Krieger, Daniel (29 November 2010). "The whole story on being 'hafu'". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-status=
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Fujioka, Brett (14 January 2011). "The Other Hafu of Japan". Rafu Shimpo. Archived from the original on 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection". america.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ Writers, YABAI. "Hafu's in Japan: Interesting Facts About Japan's Mixed Race Population | YABAI - The Modern, Vibrant Face of Japan". YABAI. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama; Kirill Kryukov; Timothy A Jinam; Kazuyoshi Hosomichi; Aiko Saso; Gen Suwa; Shintaroh Ueda; Minoru Yoneda; Atsushi Tajima; Ken-ichi Shinoda; Ituro Inoue; Naruya Saitou1 (February 2017). "A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan". Journal of Human Genetics. 62 (2): 213–221. doi:10.1038/jhg.2016.110. PMC 5285490. PMID 27581845.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Kanzawa-Kiriyama, H.; Kryukov, K.; Jinam, T. A.; Hosomichi, K.; Saso, A.; Suwa, G.; Ueda, S.; Yoneda, M.; Tajima, A.; Shinoda, K. I.; Inoue, I.; Saitou, N. (2016-06-01). "A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan". Journal of Human Genetics. 62 (2). National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine: 213–221. doi:10.1038/jhg.2016.110. PMC 5285490. PMID 27581845.
- ^ Weiner 2009, xiv-xv.
- ^ Levin, Mark (February 1, 2008). "The Wajin's Whiteness: Law and Race Privilege in Japan". Hōritsu Jihō (法律時報). 80 (2): 6–7. SSRN 1551462.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ Yuka Suzuki (2012-12-02). "Ryukyuan, Ainu People Genetically Similar Read more from Asian Scientist Magazine". Asian Scientist. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ Hendrickx 2007, p. 65.
- ^ Serafim 2008, p. 98.
- ^ Robbeets 2015, p. 26.
- ^ "日本人はるかな旅展". Archived from the original on 2015-04-21. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
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- ^ Kumar, Ann. (2009). Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan: Language, Genes and Civilisation. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Page 79 & 88. Retrieved January 23, 2018, from link.
- ^ Masami Ito (12 May 2009). "Between a rock and a hard place". The Japan Times. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ Hiromi Rogers (2016). Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. p. 121.
Adams' marriage with Yuki was arranged by Mukai Shogen, authorised by the Shogun. There is no official record that Magome Kageyu had a daughter, and it is believed that he adopted Yuki, his maid, for marrying to Adams and to advance his own trading activities. Primary source Nishiyama Toshio - Aoime-no-sodanyaku, leyasu-to-Anjin.
- ^ Marius B. Jansen; Professor Marius B Jansen (1992). China in the Tokugawa World. Harvard University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-674-11753-2.
- ^ Fogarty, Philippa (June 6, 2008). "Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved June 7, 2008.
- ^ "アイヌ⇔ダブ越境!異彩を放つOKIの新作". HMV Japan (in Japanese). May 23, 2006. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ "児童養護施設 聖母愛児園". 児童養護施設 聖母愛児園 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ "translate - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ Yoshida, Reiji (2008-09-10). "Mixed-race babies in lurch". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ Yoshida, Reiji (2008-09-10). "Mixed-race babies in lurch". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
- ^ "Growing Up Different but Never Alienated". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2014-12-30. Retrieved 2012-03-18.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Douglass, Mike; Roberts, Glenda Susan (2003). Japan and Global Migration: Foreign Workers and the Advent of a ... - Mike Douglass, Glenda Susan Roberts - Google Books. ISBN 9780824827427. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
- ^ Zack, Naomi (1995). American Mixed Race: The Culture of Microdiversity - Naomi Zack - Google Books. ISBN 9780847680139. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
- ^ Kosaka, Kristy (2009-01-27). "Half, bi or double? One family's trouble". Japan Times. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
- ^ "About the film | Hafu". hafufilm.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-15. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection". Archived from the original on 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
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ignored (|url-status=
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- ^ Kane, David. "Osaka stuns Serena, captures first Grand Slam title at US Open". WTA Tennis. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ "Japan Population". World Bank. 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ "Japan population drops by record number to 124.8 mil.: gov't". The Mainichi. July 10, 2019. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- ^ "Aging in Japan|ILC-Japan". www.ilcjapan.org. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
- ^ "平成20年末現在における外国人登録者統計について(Number of Foreign residents in Japan)". Moj.go.jp. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ "Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection". america.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ Mckinney, Robert (2018-09-21). "Will Japan ever truly accept 'half-Japanese'?". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Bitter candy". www.irishartsreview.com. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
- ^ Washington, Jesse (2016-08-20). "The brother who anchored Japan's silver medal relay team". The Undefeated. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Asia Carrera: Why I do porn".
My father was born in Japan, and my mother was born in Germany.
- ^ "C.J.: St. Paul native Ian Anthony Dale stars in TNT's 'Murder in the First'". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Marié Digby Official Website". Marié Digby Official Website. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "「ダンベル何キロ持てる?」ファイルーズあいインタビュー「筋トレで鍛えた腹筋で、もっといい声でもっといい芝居ができるよう、頑張りマスキュラー!」" (in Japanese). Newtype. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ^ https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/movies-and-tv/filipino-voice-actors-a00288-20190211-lfrm2
- ^ https://www.pep.ph/news/19756/iwa-moto-talks-about-her-ailing-japanese-father
- ^ "Where was Eddie Jones born and does he speak Japanese?". The Sun. 2018-02-11. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
- ^ Kenrick, Vivienne (2001-10-13). "Koh Gabriel Kameda". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
- ^ Muraguchi, Harumi, geb. Kanokogi 村口晴美 (* 1940), Lehrerin, Die japanisch-deutsche Familie Kanokogi Das japanische Gedächtnis - 日本の想い、ドイツの想い
- ^ ラブリ10日間で13番組/気になリスト (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. November 19, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
- ^ Guerrereo, Bob (3 February 2015). "Could Global FC's new signings break into the Azkals?". The Passionate Fan. Yahoo!. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ Ajie, Teuku (2017-05-08). "Private Eyes: Ayami Nakajo and the Way She is". DEW Magazine. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Katelyn's Truth". serve your truth. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ^ "小澤マリアの". web.archive.org (in Japanese). 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ^ hermes (2017-05-03). "Mellow return for once outspoken actress". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ^ Fagiputra, A. "10 Potret Ayana JKT48, Imutnya Bikin Klepek-klepek". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
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- ^ https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/japanese-veteran-wins-brit-seniors-1-2432624
- ^ "母フィリピン人の日大・戸根147キロ左腕" (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports Newspaper. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
- ^ "UCHIJIMA Moyuka | Asian Games 2018 Jakarta Palembang". Asian Games 2018 Jakarta Palembang. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
- ^ "水谷止めた!高校生吉村が初優勝/卓球". Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ Aoyama, Gosho (2018). "Chapter 1011". Case Closed.
External links
- Hafu Film
- The Hafu Project - By artist Natalie Maya Willer and researcher Marcia Yumi Lise
- Halvsie
- Hapa Japan
- "“This Is Who I Am”: Jero, Young, Gifted, Polycultural" -(Fellezs 2012)
- Die Kreuzungsstelle -voices of half Japanese, mixed race/multiracial or multiethnic persons
- Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan’s Self-Image, NYT