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→Philippines: This source says that a Japanese university hosted students from Bhutan well as Philippines. It doesn't mention cooperation or a visit to Thimpu.
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==Philippines==
==Philippines==
The [[Philippines]] and Bhutan have no formal relations yet. The Philippines has an embassy in New Delhi, India as representative to dialogues with Bhutan. Numerous senators and high-profile personalities from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have been pushing for the Gross National Happiness to also be applied in the Philippines, citing its effectiveness and efficiency in nation-building, environmental and cultural conservation, and human rights upholding. Filipino senator [[Loren Legarda]], a [[United Nations]] Global Champion for Resilience, has been pushing for greater diplomatic relations between the two countries. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the [[Asian Development Bank]] headquarters in Manila.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.adb.org/news/bhutan-prime-minister-visits-adb-celebrate-three-decade-partnership |title = Bhutan Prime Minister Visits ADB to Celebrate Three-Decade Partnership|date = 2014-09-05}}</ref> In 2018, the Philippines sent its engineers to Bhutan's capital in a bid to develop Bhutan's space program that will be launched in May.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/bhutan-1-expected-to-be-in-space-by-may/ | title=BHUTAN-1 expected to be in space by May}}</ref>
The [[Philippines]] and Bhutan have no formal relations yet. The Philippines has an embassy in New Delhi, India as representative to dialogues with Bhutan. Numerous senators and high-profile personalities from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have been pushing for the Gross National Happiness to also be applied in the Philippines, citing its effectiveness and efficiency in nation-building, environmental and cultural conservation, and human rights upholding. Filipino senator [[Loren Legarda]], a [[United Nations]] Global Champion for Resilience, has been pushing for greater diplomatic relations between the two countries. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the [[Asian Development Bank]] headquarters in Manila.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.adb.org/news/bhutan-prime-minister-visits-adb-celebrate-three-decade-partnership |title = Bhutan Prime Minister Visits ADB to Celebrate Three-Decade Partnership|date = 2014-09-05}}</ref> In 2018, the Philippines sent its engineers to Bhutan's capital in a bid to develop Bhutan's space program that will be launched in May.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/bhutan-1-expected-to-be-in-space-by-may/ | title=BHUTAN-1 expected to be in space by May}}</ref>{{failed verification}}


==Russia==
==Russia==

Revision as of 23:16, 12 December 2020

Politics of Bhutan
Constitution
Monarchy
State religion
Government
Executive

Parliament

Judiciary

Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

Bhutan has diplomatic relations with 54 states and the European Union.[1][2]

In 1971, sponsored by India, Bhutan began to develop its foreign relations by joining the United Nations, though it has no diplomatic relations with any of the permanent members on the UN Security Council. In 1981, Bhutan joined the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, followed by the World Health Organization and UNESCO in 1982. It is also an active member of SAARC. Bhutan is currently a member of 45 international organizations.[3]

Under Article 20 of the Constitution of Bhutan enacted in 2008, Bhutan's foreign relations fall under the purview of the Druk Gyalpo on the advice of the Executive, namely the Prime Minister and other Ministers of the Lhengye Zhungtshog including the Minister of Foreign Affairs.[4]

Countries that have diplomatic relations with Bhutan

Diplomatic relations of Bhutan

Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with sixteen European nations: Andorra; Austria; Armenia; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; Germany; Luxembourg; the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; and Switzerland, which form the "Friends of Bhutan" group, along with Japan, which contributes towards development projects in Bhutan. Other EU countries that do not have formal relations with Bhutan (such as France) are represented by the EU, which does maintain a diplomatic relation separate from the countries that already have one.

In addition to Bangladesh, India, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, and South Korea, Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with nineteen other Asian nations: Afghanistan; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Burma; Indonesia; Israel; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; the Maldives; Mongolia; Oman; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Tajikistan; Thailand; Turkey; the United Arab Emirates; and Vietnam. Bhutan also maintains diplomatic relations with four African nations: Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, and Swaziland; six American nations: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Cuba; and two Oceanian nations: Australia and Fiji.[5] Vietnam and Cuba are also the first two communist countries to have formal relations with Bhutan. Other countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have no formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, but maintain informal contact through their respective embassies in New Delhi and Bhutanese Permanent mission to the United Nations in New York City. The United Kingdom has an Honorary Consul resident in Thimphu.[6]

Bhutan does not recognize any of the partially or non-recognized non-UN member states, nor the UN member state of China (PRC).

Armenia

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.

Bangladesh

Main article: Bangladesh-Bhutan relations

Bangladesh is one of only two nations to maintain a residential embassy in Thimphu. Bhutan was the first country in the world to recognize Bangladeshi independence in 1971. The two states have agreed to develop hydropower in the Himalayas, as well as initiate free trade and transhipment through Bangladeshi ports. They also cooperate in water resources management.

Both Bhutan and Bangladesh are members of SAARC and BIMSTEC.

Canada

Canada established diplomatic ties with Bhutan in 2003. Canada has a representative office in Thimphu.

China

Main article: Bhutan–China relations

Bhutan has no diplomatic relations with its northern neighbor, the People's Republic of China, and is one of the few countries to not recognise or have relations with either China or Taiwan. The border between Bhutan and China has been closed since the invasion of Tibet in 1959, causing an influx of refugees. The border also remains undelineated; in 1961 China published a map that altered the traditional border.[citation needed] Tensions have since lessened, especially after the signing of a 1998 agreement on border peace and tranquility, the first bilateral agreement between China and Bhutan. Despite the lack of formal diplomatic relations, Bhutan has also maintained an Honorary Consul in Macau since 2000 and Hong Kong since 2004.

In late 2005, Bhutan claimed that Chinese soldiers were building roads and bridges within Bhutanese territory. Bhutanese Foreign Minister Khandu Wangchuk took up the matter with Chinese authorities after the issue was raised in the Bhutanese parliament. In response, Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang of the People's Republic of China has said that the border remains in dispute and that the two sides are continuing to work for a peaceful and cordial resolution of the dispute.[7] The Bhutanese newspaper Kuensel has said that China might use the roads to further Chinese claims along the border.[8]

India

Main article: Bhutan–India relations

Historically, ties with India have been close. Both countries signed a first ever Friendship treaty in 1865 between Bhutan and British India. However, when Bhutan became a monarchy, British India was the first country to recognize it and renewed the treaty in 1910. Bhutan was the first country to recognize Indian independence and renewed the age old treaty with the new government in 1949, including a clause that India would assist Bhutan in foreign relations. On February 8, 2007, the Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty[9] was substantially revised under the Bhutanese King, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck. In the Treaty of 1949 Article 2 read as "The Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of Bhutan. On its part the Government of Bhutan agrees to be guided by the advice of the Government of India in regard to its external relations."[10] In the revised treaty this now reads as, "In keeping with the abiding ties of close friendship and cooperation between Bhutan and India, the Government of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Government of the Republic of India shall cooperate closely with each other on issues relating to their national interests. Neither government shall allow the use of its territory for activities harmful to the national security and interest of the other." The revised treaty also includes in it the preamble "Reaffirming their respect for each other's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity", an element that was absent in the earlier version. The Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty of 2007 strengthens Bhutan's status as an independent and sovereign nation.

There also exists bi-lateral agreement between Bhutanese and Indian Government where-in citizens of both nations can travel freely in other country without passport and visa.

Nepal

Main article: Bhutan-Nepal relations

Nepal and Bhutan established relations in 1983. However, since 1992, relations with Nepal have been tense due to the repatriation of refugees from Bhutan.[11]

Pakistan

Main article: Bhutan-Pakistan relations

Pakistan and Bhutan established relations in 1988.

Philippines

The Philippines and Bhutan have no formal relations yet. The Philippines has an embassy in New Delhi, India as representative to dialogues with Bhutan. Numerous senators and high-profile personalities from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have been pushing for the Gross National Happiness to also be applied in the Philippines, citing its effectiveness and efficiency in nation-building, environmental and cultural conservation, and human rights upholding. Filipino senator Loren Legarda, a United Nations Global Champion for Resilience, has been pushing for greater diplomatic relations between the two countries. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank headquarters in Manila.[12] In 2018, the Philippines sent its engineers to Bhutan's capital in a bid to develop Bhutan's space program that will be launched in May.[13][failed verification]

Russia

Main article: Bhutan–Russia relations

Bhutan has no diplomatic relations with Russia.

South Korea

High-level Exchanges from Bhutan to South Korea: July 1994 External Affairs Minister Tshering, May 1995 External Affairs Minister Tshering, October 1998 External Affairs Minister Tshering, September 2002 Industry and Commerce Minister K. Wangchuk, May 2005 Ambassador to Korea Jigme Tshultim, November 2006 Housing and Engineering Minister Kinzang Dorji, February 2007 Culture Minister Jigmi Thinley, April 2007 Public Prosecutor General Damcho Dorji, June 2007 Information and Communication Minister Leki Dorji (ACD), October 2010 Ambassador to Korea Bap Kesang, January 2014 Information and Communication Minister Lyonpo Dungyel, August 2014 Agriculture Vice Minister Tenzin Dhendup.[14]

Tajikistan

Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 24, 2013.[15]

Turkey

See Bhutan–Turkey relations

  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2012.[16]
  • Bhutan and Turkey cooperate through their respective embassies in New Delhi.[17]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 1.58 million USD in 2018 (Bhutanese exports/imports: 1.48/0.1 million USD).[18]

Oman

Relations with the Sultanate of Oman were established on March 15, 2013.[15]

United States of America

Main article: Bhutan–United States relations

Transnational issues

Bhutan has relations with other nations based on transnational issues. Among these issues are extradition, terrorism, and refugees. To a limited extent, Bhutanese law provides frameworks for cooperation with countries which Bhutan has no formal mission.

Extradition

Bhutan has a legislated policy on extradition of criminals, both to and from the kingdom. Any nation, with or without formal relations, may request the extradition of fugitives who abscond to Bhutan. The Extradition Act requires nations to provide "all relevant evidence and information" about the accused, after which the Royal Government may in its discretion refer the matter to the High Court of Bhutan. The Court may then issue a summons or warrant, conduct an inquiry, and collect evidence, holding the accused for a maximum of 30 days. Alternatively, the Royal Government may refer the matter to the courts for trial within Bhutan. Bhutan imposes punishments for offenses committed in treaty states generally, and for offenses in other states resulting in return to Bhutan. Offenses are weighed according to gravity, determined by a schedule and two-part test: extraditable offenses are those enumerated (including murder, theft, forgery, and smuggling), or which in Bhutan would be punished by a prison term exceeding twelve months.[19] All felonies in Bhutan are punishable by a minimum of three years' imprisonment.[20]

Bhutan will refuse requests for extradition if the Royal Government or its courts determine the person is accused of a political offense.[19]

International Cooperation against terrorism

Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Nagaland separatists; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lie in Bhutan's northwest and along the Chumbi salient.

Refugee resettlement

Main article: Bhutanese refugees

The U.S. has offered to resettle 60,000 of the 107,000 Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese origin now living in seven U.N. refugee camps in southeastern Nepal. Six other nations—Australia, Canada, Norway, Netherlands, New Zealand and Denmark—have offered to resettle 10,000 each.[21]

Other countries also operate resettlement programs in the camps.[22] Norway has already settled 200 Bhutanese refugees, and Canada has agreed to accept up to 5,000 through to 2012.[23]

Diplomatic relations and missions

Country Year relations
established[15] 		Mission to Bhutan Location Mission of Bhutan Location Notes
Afghanistan
2010
Yes
 [24]
Andorra
2012
Argentina
2012[25]
Armenia
2012[26]
Australia
2002
Yes
 New Delhi[27]
Yes
 Bangkok[28]
Austria
1989
Yes
 New Delhi[30]
Yes
 Geneva[31]
Azerbaijan
2013[33]
Bahrain
1992
Yes
 Kuwait City[34]
  • The ambassador the Bhutanese Embassy in Kuwait is accredited to Bahrain.[34]
Bangladesh
1973
Yes
 Thimphu[35]
Yes
 Dhaka[24]
Belgium
2009
Yes
 Brussels[36]
Brazil
2009[37]
Yes
Main article: Bhutan–Brazil relations
Canada
2003
Yes
 New Delhi[38]
Yes
 New York City[39]
Colombia
2012[41]
Costa Rica
2012
Cuba
2011[42]
Czech Republic
2011
Denmark
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[43]
Yes
 Brussels
Main article: Bhutan–Denmark relations
Egypt
2012[44]
Eswatini
2012
European Union
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[45]
Yes
 Brussels
  • The ambassador of the Embassy of Bhutan to Belgium in Brussels is accredited to the EU and the European Commission.
  • The ambassador of the Delegation of the European Commission in New Delhi is accredited to Bhutan.[45]
Fiji
2011[46]
Finland
1986
Yes
 New Delhi[47]
Yes
 Brussels
Germany
2020[1]
India
1968
Yes
 Thimphu[48]
Yes
 New Delhi[24]
Indonesia
2011[50]
Israel
2020[51]
Japan
1986
Yes
 New Delhi[52]
Kazakhstan
2012[55]
Kuwait
1983
Yes
 Thimphu
Yes
 Kuwait City[24]
Luxembourg
2011
Maldives
1984
Yes
 Dhaka[56]
  • The ambassador of Bhutanese Embassy in Dhaka is accredited to Maldives.[56]
Mauritius
2012[57]
Mongolia
2012[58]
Morocco
2011[59]
Myanmar
2012[60]
Nepal
1983
Yes
 New Delhi[61]
Yes
 New Delhi[62]
  • The ambassador of the Bhutanese Embassy in New Delhi is accredited to Nepal.[62]
  • The ambassador of the Nepalese Embassy in New Delhi is accredited to Bhutan.[61]
Netherlands
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[63]
Yes
 Brussels
Norway
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[66]
Yes
 Geneva[67]
Oman
2013[68]
Pakistan
1988
Poland
2012[69]
Serbia
2011
 Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 9 December2011.[70]
Singapore
2002
Yes
 New Delhi[71]
Yes
 Bangkok[72]
Slovakia
2012[73]
Slovenia
2012[74]
Yes
 New Delhi
South Korea
1987
Yes
 New Delhi[75]
Spain
2011
Yes
 New Delhi
Main article: Bhutan–Spain relations
Sri Lanka
1987
Yes
 New Delhi[77]
Yes
 Dhaka[56]
Sweden
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[78]
Yes
 Geneva[79]
Switzerland
1985
Yes
 New Delhi[80]
Yes
 Geneva[24]
Tajikistan
2013[83]
Thailand
1989
Yes
 Dhaka[84]
Yes
 Bangkok[24]
Main article: Bhutan-Thailand relations
Turkey
2012[73]
Yes
 Dhaka[86] The ambassador of the Turkish Embassy in Dhaka is accredited to Bhutan.[86]
United Arab Emirates
2012[87]
United Kingdom
  • Honorary Consul in Bhutan.
  • Closest consular office is British Deputy High Commission in Kolkata, India[88]
  • There is a joint UK/Australian Visa Application Centre (VAC) in Thimphu[89]
Vietnam
2012[90]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b "The Federal Foreign Office on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of Bhutan". 25 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Israel normalizes ties with Bhutan". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  3. ^ "Foreign Relation and Trade". Bhutan Portal online. Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  4. ^ "Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (English)" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2008-07-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  5. ^ "COLOMBIA Y EL REINO DE BUTÁN ESTABLECEN RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS". Cancilleria de Colombia. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  6. ^ "Overseas Embassies and Consulates of Bhutan". Go Abroad.com. Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  7. ^ "中国不丹同意平等友好协商早日解决边界问题" [China and Bhutan agree to equal and friendly consultations to resolve the border issue as soon as possible]. China.com News. 2005-12-01. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  8. ^ Hindustan times article Archived December 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty" (PDF). Government of India.
  10. ^ "Treaty of 1949". Government of India. 1949.
  11. ^
  12. ^ "Bhutan Prime Minister Visits ADB to Celebrate Three-Decade Partnership". 2014-09-05.
  13. ^ "BHUTAN-1 expected to be in space by May".
  14. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-08-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ a b c "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  16. ^ "Economic Relations between Turkey and Bhutan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  17. ^ "Economic Development and Social Changes in Bhutan." pp. 82-99 in Urmila Phadnis, S.D. Muni, and Kalim Bahadur (eds.), Domestic Conflicts in South Asia. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1986.
  18. ^ "Economic Relations between Turkey and Bhutan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  19. ^ a b "Extradition Act, 1989 (1991)" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 1991. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  20. ^ "Penal Code of Bhutan" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2004-08-11. Retrieved 2011-01-21.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^ "First of 60,000 refugees from Bhutan arrive in U.S." CNN. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
  22. ^ IRIN (10 November 2008). "Nepal: Bhutanese refugees find new life beyond the camps". UNHCR Refworld. Archived from the original on 2012-10-08. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  23. ^ Government of Canada (9 December 2008). "Resettling Bhutanese Refugees – Update on Canada's Commitment". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  24. ^ a b c d e f "Embassies and missions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). Retrieved 2017-09-17.
  25. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Argentine Republic". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  26. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Armenia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  27. ^ a b "Bhutan Country Brief - August 2008". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 2008-08-09. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  28. ^ a b "The Diplomatic List and List of Representatives of International Organisations". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 2008-07-18. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  29. ^ a b c "Honorary consulates". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  30. ^ a b "Austrian Representations - India" (in German). Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs (Austria). Archived from the original on December 15, 2012. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  31. ^ a b "Verzeichnis des diplomatischen Korps und anderer Vertretungen in Österreich" (PDF) (in German). Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs (Austria). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  32. ^ "ADC Coordination offices". Austrian Development Agency. Archived from the original on 2008-08-01. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  33. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2014-04-30. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  34. ^ a b "Foreign Minister Receives A Copy Of Credentials Of New Four Ambassadors" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahrain). 29 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.[permanent dead link]
  35. ^ "Embassy of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Thimphu". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh). Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  36. ^ "Bhutan's Ambassador to Belgium presents credentials". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). Archived from the original on 2010-11-27. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
  37. ^ "Bhutan establishes diplomatic relations with Brazil". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  38. ^ a b "Canada-Bhutan Relations". Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Archived from the original on 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  39. ^ a b "Heads of Missions". Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Archived from the original on 2008-08-09. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  40. ^ "History of CCO". Canadian Cooperation Office. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  41. ^ "CCOLOMBIA Y EL REINO DE BUTÁN ESTABLECEN RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS". Cancilleria de Colombia. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  42. ^ "Cuba and Bhutan settled Diplomatic Relations". Cuba Headlines. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  43. ^ "Message from Ambassador". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  44. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Arab Republic of Egypt". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
  45. ^ a b "India, New Delhi". European Commission. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  46. ^ "Fiji and Bhutan establish diplomatic relations". ISRIA. Retrieved 2011-11-21.[permanent dead link]
  47. ^ a b "Finland's Embassy, New Delhi". Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland). Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  48. ^ "Embassy of India, Thimphu". Embassy of India in Thimphu. Archived from the original on 2008-09-17. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  49. ^ "Consulate General of India, Phuentsholing, Bhutan". Embassy of India in Thimphu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  50. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Indonesia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
  51. ^ "N12 - ישראל כוננה יחסים רשמיים עם בהוטן". N12. 2020-12-12. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  52. ^ a b "Embassy Addresses - Asia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  53. ^ "List of Embassies and Consulates-General of Japan (A to H)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs online. Government of Japan. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  54. ^ "Bhutan". Japan International Cooperation Agency. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  55. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Kazakhstan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
  56. ^ a b c d . Kuensel. 31 March 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20110610234450/http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=10116. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite news}}: |archive-url= missing title (help)
  57. ^ "Bhutan formalises Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of Mauritius". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
  58. ^ "BhuDIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ESTABLISHED WITH BHUTAN". M.A.D. Investment Solutions. Archived from the original on 2012-01-28. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
  59. ^ "Bhutan formalises Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of Cuba, Republic of Fiji and the Kingdom of Morocco". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
  60. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of the Union of Myanmar". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  61. ^ a b "Concurrent Accreditations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal). Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  62. ^ a b "Nepal-Bhutan relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal). Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  63. ^ a b "Welcome to the Embassy of the Kingdom of The Netherlands in New Delhi, India". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands). Retrieved 2008-08-07.[dead link]
  64. ^ "Welcome to SNV Bhutan". Netherlands Development Organisation. Archived from the original on 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  65. ^ "Dutch-Bhutan relations have become more diverse". Kuensel. 5 May 2008. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  66. ^ a b "Welcome to the Norwegian Embassy in New Delhi". Embassy of Norway in New Delhi. Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  67. ^ a b "Oslo Diplomatic List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Norway). Retrieved 2008-08-07.[dead link]
  68. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Sultanate of Oman". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2014-04-30. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
  69. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Poland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
  70. ^ [1]
  71. ^ a b "Embassy of the Republic of Singapore - Bhutan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore). Retrieved 2008-08-07.[dead link]
  72. ^ a b "Bhutan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore). Retrieved 2008-08-07. [dead link]
  73. ^ a b "Bhutan Establishes diplomatic relations with the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Turkey". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  74. ^ "Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of Slovenia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
  75. ^ a b "Press Release" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). 5 July 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  76. ^ Choden, Phuntsho (2007-05-05). "Kutshab to join BPUP". Kuensel. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

Further reading

  • Matteo Miele, Chinese Shadows on Bhutanese Independence after the Treaty of Punakha. The Tibetan Buddhist Connection and the British Diplomatic Action, in Seiji Kumagai (ed.), Buddhism, Culture and Society in Bhutan, Vajra Publications, Kathmandu, 2018, pp. 215-239

See also

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