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President of Colombia

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President of the
Republic of Colombia
Presidente de la República de Colombia
Presidential Standard
Presidential Seal
since August 7, 2018
StyleMr. President
(Señor Presidente)[1] His Excellency
ResidenceCasa de Nariño
AppointerPopular vote election
Term lengthFour years, single term
Inaugural holderSimón Bolívar
FormationDecember 17, 1819
DeputyVice President of Colombia
SalaryCOP$32,624,000 monthly[2]
Websitehttp://www.presidencia.gov.co/
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Colombia
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
  • Legislative elections
Administrative divisions
Political parties
Foreign relations

The President of Colombia (Spanish: Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the President of the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Colombia) is the head of state and head of government of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was the "Gran Colombia". The first president, General Simón Bolívar,[3] took office in 1819. His position, initially self-proclaimed, was subsequently ratified by Congress.

The current president of the Republic of Colombia is Iván Duque Márquez, who took office on August 7, 2018.

Functions

According to the Colombian Constitution of 1991, Article 188, the President of Colombia is the head of state, head of government and Supreme Administrative Authority. The President of Colombia symbolizes the National Unity, and after taking an oath to the Constitution of Colombia and swearing to defend and protect the nation's laws, he is charged to guarantee and protect the rights and liberties of all Colombian nationals.[4]

The Administrative Department of the Presidency of Colombia has the commission to assist or support the President of Colombia on its constitutional mandated functions and legal issues.[4]

Article 115 states that the National Government is formed by the President of Colombia, the Vice President of Colombia, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia and the Directors of the Administrative Departments of Colombia. Any official from these entities constitute the Government of Colombia in any particular business.

Any act by the President of Colombia, in order to be legal and enforceable, must be sanctioned by any of the ministries or department directors, who will also be held responsible for the act. The only exception is if the President appoints or removes ministers, administrative departments' directors and any other officials appointed by him under his administrative authority. Governors of the Departments of Colombia, Mayors of Municipalities of Colombia, as well as regional Superintendents of Colombia, public establishments and industrial and commercial state owned enterprises, are all part of the executive branch of Colombia.

General description

The Colombian Constitution of 1991, coupled with several articles of amendment, establishes the requirements an eligible candidate must meet in order to become president, as well as the term of office, method of election, and powers.

Requirements for holding

Colombian Constitution of 1991 Article 191: states that the president must be a natural born citizen of Colombia and at least 30 years of age.[5]

Term of office and election

Main article: Elections in Colombia

The President and Vice President serve a term of office of four years after being elected by popular vote. Since 2015, the president is restricted to a single four-year term and is barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term.

From 1910 to 2005, the president was limited to a single term. However, on 24 November 2005, the Colombian Congress introduced the Electoral Guarantees Law (Ley de Garantias Electorales), which modified Article 152, of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and allowed a president to run for a second term. The President or Vice President running for re-election must officially tell in the National Electoral Council and guarantee a fair competition for the other contenders. Participation of acting officials in political proselytism was standardized. If the president or vice president are not running for office, they are prohibited from participating on political proselytism. If one or both are participating, they can engage in political activity only four months before the primary elections. Also, if the president and/or vice president is running for office, they may participate in their political party's selection mechanism to postulate candidates. In 2010, the Constitutional Court of Colombia threw out a planned referendum to allow presidents to run for three consecutive terms. It ruled that Colombian presidents can only serve two terms, even if they are nonconsecutive.[6] In 2015, a constitutional amendment repealed the 2004 changes and reverted to the original one-term limit.[7]

Line of succession

Vice-President

The Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new president of Colombia and completing the remaining term upon leaves of absence or death, resignation, or removal of the President, even if such a vacancy should occur before the President assumes office, as designated by Article 202 of the Constitution of 1991.

Further succession

In absence of both the President and the Vice President, Article 203 of the Constitution of 1991 establishes that the presidential office will be assumed by a minister in the order of precedence established by law. The assuming minister has to be a member of the same party or movement the original President belonged to, and will exercise the presidency until the Congress, within the 30 days following the presidential vacancy, elects a new Vice President who will assume the Presidency.

Current order

No. Office Current officer
1 Vice President Marta Lucía Ramírez
2 Minister of the Interior Daniel Palacios
3 Minister of Foreign Affairs Marta Lucía Ramírez
4 Minister of Finance and Public Credit José Manuel Restrepo Abondano[a]
5 Minister of Justice and Law Wilson Ruiz Orejuela[a]
6 Minister of National Defense Diego Molano[8][9]
7 Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Rodolfo Enrique Zea`[a]
8 Minister of Health and Social Protection Fernando Ruiz Gómez
9 Minister of Labour Ángel Custodio Cabrera
10 Minister of Mines and Energy Diego Mesa Puyo[a]
11 Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism María Ximena Lombana[a]
12 Minister of National Education María Victoria Angulo[a]
13 Minister of Environment and Territorial Development Carlos Eduardo Correa[a]
14 Minister of Housing, City and Territory Jonathan Malagón[a]
15 Minister of Information Technologies and Communications Karen Abudinen[a]
16 Minister of Transport Ángela María Orozco[a]
17 Minister of Culture Angélica Mayolo[a]
18 Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation Tito José Crissien[a]
19 Minister of Sports Guillermo Herrera Castaño[a]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Not a member of the President's political party, therefore ineligible for presidential succession.

Living former presidents

As of November 2024, there are five living former presidents:

The most recent death of a former president was that of Belisario Betancur (1982–1986) on 7 December 2018; he was 95 years old.[10]

Last election

Main article: 2018 Colombian presidential election
Candidate Party/alliance First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Iván Duque Márquez Grand Alliance for Colombia 7,569,693 39.14 10,373,080 53.98
Gustavo Petro List of Decency 4,851,254 25.09 8,034,189 41.81
Sergio Fajardo Colombia Coalition 4,589,696 23.73
Germán Vargas Lleras Mejor Vargas Lleras 1,407,840 7.28
Humberto De la Calle PLC–ASI 399,180 2.06
Jorge Antonio Trujillo We Are All Colombia 75,614 0.39
Promotores Voto En Blanco Party of Ethnic Reclamation "PRE" 60,312 0.31
Viviane Morales Hoyos Somos Región Colombia 41,458 0.21
Blank votes 341,087 1.76 808,104 4.21
Invalid votes 300,080 – 295,499 –
Total 19,336,134 100 19,510,684 100
Registered voters/turnout 36,227,267 53.37 36,783,940 53.04
Source: El Tiempo Government

See also

References

  1. ^ Desde 1958 el Presidente de Colombia, recibe tratamiento de Señor Presidente. Los presidentes de otras naciones y embajadores que visiten el país, reciben tratamiento de Excelencia.
  2. ^ "¿Sabe usted cuánto gana el presidente de Colombia?". El Universal.
  3. ^ Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 15, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983
  4. ^ a b "Departamento Administrativo de la Presidencia de la República : Nuestra Entidad" (in Spanish).
  5. ^ "Requisitos para ser candidato presidencial" (in Spanish).
  6. ^ Buckman, Robert T. (2010). The World Today Series: Latin America 2010. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. ISBN 978-1-935264-12-5.
  7. ^ "Constitución Política de 1991 (Artículo 197)". Secretaría General del Senado.
  8. ^ "Diego Andrés Molano Aponte – Ministro de Defensa Nacional". www.mindefensa.gov.co. Retrieved 16 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Quién es Diego Molano, el nuevo ministro de Defensa de Colombia". AS Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  10. ^ Jorge Enrique Meléndez (7 December 2018). "Murió Belisario, el presidente que fue marcado por dos tragedias". El Tiempo (Colombia). Bogotá. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
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