Jump to content

Typhoon Rai

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 63.225.82.47 (talk) at 19:48, 18 December 2021. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other storms named Rai, see list of storms named Rai.

Rai (Odette)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 5 typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:12:00 UTC, December 18
Location:11°54′N 113°30′E / 11.9°N 113.5°E / 11.9; 113.5 (Rai (Odette))
390 nmi (720 km; 450 mi) SE of Da Nang, Vietnam
Sustained winds:105 knots (195 km/h; 120 mph) (10-min mean)
gusting to 150 knots (280 km/h; 175 mph)
145 knots (270 km/h; 165 mph) (1-min mean)
Pressure:915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Movement:WNW at 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Rai, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Odette, is currently a powerful tropical cyclone in the South China Sea after passing through the Philippines. Rai became the first Category 5 super typhoon since Nock-ten to form in the month of December. The twenty-second tropical storm and ninth typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, the system originated from a tropical disturbance near the equator on December 9. However, it dissipated on the next day as another area of convection lingered near the dissipating feature that same day. Conditions around the system were favorable for further development, and it slowly developed into a tropical depression on December 12. On the same day, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the consolidating depression. Further intensification ensued, and Rai was upgraded into a tropical storm on the next day before passing south of Ngulu Atoll. After passing near Palau with unknown impacts, Rai entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) by the night of December 14, whereas the PAGASA named it "Odette". On the next day, both the JMA and JTWC raised the system's intensity to a low-end Category 1 typhoon as an eye continued to appear. While approaching the Philippines, Rai unexpectedly rapidly intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon just before its first landfall across Siargao. It then slowly but steadily weakened as it traversed Visayas, exiting into the Sulu Sea.

Tropical cyclone warnings were issued for areas in the Philippines and parts of the Caroline Islands as Rai developed. Early bulletins were issued by the PAGASA for Rai, starting on December 12 due to the persistent track of the system towards the country. As the storm neared the country, land travels were canceled, along with flights and ferry operations. People living near coastal areas and into the track of the storm were urged to evacuate. Fishing vessels were also docked into safety and many provinces in the Visayas started to prepare for the storm's brunt. Storm signals were also raised by the PAGASA, first focusing on parts of Visayas and Mindanao, before further expanding into southern Luzon. Food and non-food packs were also prepared by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) for the evacuees, along with standby funds worth near $15,000. Forced evacuations were conducted as Rai further approached the country, with some people in the Bicol Region being warned of possible Lahars from the Mayon Volcano. A festival in Antique was also affected, along with vaccination drives across the affected regions.

As Rai pounded the Philippines, heavy rainfall, strong winds and gusty winds impacted several areas around the storm's path. Many areas across Visayas and Mindanao lost electricity, with three provinces and areas being deprived further of communication services. Downed trees obstructed many roadways and flooding were a major problem across the affected regions, particularly Bohol, where the storm was described as "one of the worst for the province". Rivers also overflowed across Cagayan de Oro, while numerous buildings sustained damages. Surigao City was reported to be 100% damaged, and aid is being appealed. Bohol also pleaded help to the government due to the damages Rai brought to the area. A state of calamity is being requested for the aforementioned province. 33 deaths have been confirmed so far.[1] Damages in Bohol were estimated to be worth ₱5 billion ($100 million), with Siargao's damages being estimated at ₱20 billion ($400 million).

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 06:00 UTC of December 9, the JTWC started to monitor a low-latitude area of convection in the Pacific Ocean at 4°36′N 142°24′E / 4.6°N 142.4°E / 4.6; 142.4, located about 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) to Palau's east-southeast. A broad circulation was identified by the agency, with flaring convection over it. The circulation had a marginal environment with low to moderate wind shear, fair outflow, and warm sea surface temperatures.[2] Despite its given environment, however, the cyclone failed to intensify and dissipated by 06:00 UTC the next day. Another new area of low pressure formed on December 10. Analysis on the system revealed a degraded and disorganized low-level circulation center.[3][4] Position fixes by 02:30 UTC of December 11 determined that its center forwarded to the north over a developing surface trough while convective bursts occurred around the system.[5] An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its northwest quadrant.[6]

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) first upgraded the system to a tropical depression with winds of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) on 00:00 UTC of the next day, followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm's chances of developing to "high" and subsequently issuing a TCFA.[7][8][9] By 03:00 UTC of December 13, the JTWC upgraded the system to a weak tropical depression, highly based on Dvorak ratings of T1.5.[10] Nine hours later, the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm based on Dvorak ratings and named the storm Rai.[11] It was not until 15:00 UTC that day when the JTWC did the same to Rai, as it began tracking northwestwards.[12] Three hours later, Rai began to pass south of Ngulu State, while continuing to intensify and organize.[13][14] By December 14 in the early morning, the system was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA.[15] By 09:00 UTC, the JTWC noted that the system's cloud tops became warm; however, it further organized while tracking towards the small island country of Palau.[16] The storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility around 11:00 UTC (19:00 PHT), and was named Odette by the PAGASA.[17][18] Four hours later, Rai began to exhibit an eye which was first seen on microwave images.[19] The JMA further upgraded the system to a typhoon by the next day, followed by the JTWC three hours later as Rai began to take a westward motion under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.[20][21] Steady intensification occurred on Rai while moving near the country, reaching high-end Category 1 typhoon by 15:00 UTC. At this time, the JTWC only forecast a landfall equivalent to a Category 2 storm.[22][23]

Typhoon Rai re-intensifying in the South China Sea on the evening of December 18.

Rai unexpectedly underwent rapid intensification on December 15, from 65 knots (120 km/h; 75 mph) to 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) by December 16 whilst nearing landfall. At this time, a small 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) eye was seen along with strong convection. The storm began an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) shortly after reaching peak intensity.[24] On December 16, the typhoon made landfall over Siargao Island in the province of Surigao del Norte around 1:30 PM local time (05:30 UTC)[25] and a second landfall over Dinagat Islands around 3:10 PM local time (07:10 UTC).[26] A third landfall occurred in Liloan, Southern Leyte at 3:40 PM local time (7:40 UTC). A fourth landfall occurred at Panaon Island, also at Liloan, at around 4:50 PM (8:50 UTC).[27] Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte was the fifth at 5:40 PM (09:40 UTC), followed nearly one-hour later at President Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol and approximately another hour at Bien Unido, still at Bohol. The eight landfall occured at Carcar by 10:00 PM (14:00 UTC) and the ninth over La Libertad, Negros Oriental, two hours later.[28] The JMA estimated a low pressure of 915 millibars (27.0 inHg) by 03:00 UTC earlier, two hours before its landfall. The same situation slightly weakened the system into a Category 4 super typhoon by 09:00 UTC and its intensity continued to degrade, six hours later while crossing Visayas.[29][30][31] As Rai entered the Panay Gulf, its eye further weakened and its convective signature becoming disorganized as the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 3 system six hours later. It continued to lose in strength while tracking towards the Sulu Sea by the next day at 03:00 UTC.[32][33] A new eye also struggled to form as the system was nearing landfall.[34] By 07:10 UTC (15:10 PHT), the system made another and last landfall over Roxas, Palawan as it continued to weaken in intensity.[35] It then entered the South China Sea with more organization but its intensity remaining the same.[36] Rai then started to slighty strengthen as it turned northwestwards, away from the Philippine archipelago.[37][38]

Current storm information

As of 12:00 UTC December 18, Typhoon Rai (Odette) is located near 11°54′N 113°30′E / 11.9°N 113.5°E / 11.9; 113.5 (Rai) or about 390 nmi (720 km; 450 mi) southeast of Da Nang, Vietnam. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 105 knots (195 km/h; 120 mph), with gusts up to 150 knots (280 km/h; 175 mph), while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 115 knots (215 km/h; 130 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 915 hPa (27.02 inHg), and the system is moving west-northwest at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph).

For the latest official information, see

Watches and warnings

Template:TyphoonWarningsTable

Preparations

Micronesia

Upon the system's intensification into a tropical depression, a typhoon watch was issued by the US National Weather Service in Tiyan, Guam, in Koror and Kayangel while a tropical storm warning was placed for Ngulu Atoll. The island of Yap was placed also under tropical storm watch.[39] This was further upgraded into a typhoon warning for Palau as Rai further intensifies.[40] The alerts for Ngulu and Yap were first canceled by 09:00 UTC of December 14 and six hours later, the typhoon warning were also canceled for Palau.[41][42]

Philippines

Typhoon Rai approaching the Philippines on December 15.

The PAGASA began issuing Tropical Cyclone Advisories as early as December 12 given the forecasted track of the storm. In its first advisory, the PAGASA forecasted the possibility of Signal #4 being raised over the Visayas and Mindanao regions, later lowered to Signal #3.[43][44] The PAGASA also forecasted winds of up to 155 km/h (96 mph) prior to landfall.[45] On December 14, storm signals were raised in Caraga and Eastern Visayas as the storm entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[46] Starting on the night of December 13, land travel on bound to Visayas, Mindanao, the province of Masbate and Catanduanes were canceled according to an approved request of the Office of the Civil Defense in the country. The Land Transportation Office also placed the same travel restrictions in Mindanao and Luzon as a precaution. All types of vessels are also prohibited to leave the country's ports if there is any Storm Signals raised. Fishermen living near coastal areas were also urged by the country's coast guard to leave their homes "as soon as possible". Other Philippine provinces like Bohol and Aklan were also prepared for possible work cancelations and evacuation premises in regards to the storm. Floating cottages in General Santos City, as well as fishing boats were brought to shore and safety. The vaccination operations across the possible affected areas were earlier suspended by December 20–22.[47][48] Over 23,642 food packs for evacuees were also readied by the country's Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), over 18,665 non-edible items as well as over ₱752,250 (US$14,950) worth of standby funds.[49] The airline carrier Cebu Pacific also suspended three flights in the country.[50]

Over 10,000 individuals in barangays across Mindanao, Visayas and further north into Southern Luzon were also urged by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) to immediately leave their homes. The whole of Bicol Region were also under red alert starting on December 14. The higher authorities there also warned its people of possible landslides and lahar flow from the Mayon Volcano. Cebu were also under a "state of preparedness" due to the storm. Furthermore, many individuals, of which the majority are going into the Bicol Region in the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) were also stranded due to ferry suspensions. Capiz already started voluntary evacuations at this time, first focused on people living in coastal areas.[51] Liloan, Cebu also initiated forced evacuations by the afternoon of December 15. Several flights into Visayas and Mindanao from Ninoy Aquino International Airport were also delayed, rescheduled and/or canceled, mainly from the earlier Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines and Airasia. Some face to face classes in the affected areas were also halted. Many billboards in Bohol were also removed and the annual Binirayan festival in Antique was canceled due to Rai.[52] The city of Surigao was already soaked by the rains of Odette by the afternoon of December 15, including the whole of Eastern Visayas. Thousands of evacuees rushed into safety shelters in the area whereas in one case, they became full. Sandbags were also placed over some houses in Tacloban City in Leyte and many individuals rushed into a grocery store in Alangalang to stack essential supplies.[53]

Four hours after Rai entered the PAR, the PAGASA started to hoist Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal Number 1 for southeastern Eastern Samar and over Surigao Provinces, including the Dinagat Islands.[54][55] This was further extended into some provinces in the Central Visayas and further south of Mindanao, until Agusan del Sur.[56] Signal Number 2 were further placed for Surigao provinces and further into some parts of Visayas as Odette further intensified into a typhoon, with number 1 spreading further into the remaining part of the region and Mimaropa and Southern Tagalog provinces.[57][58] The storm's further intensification led to PAGASA raising the Signal Number 3 warning in some portions of Caraga and as Rai underwent rapid intensification, into eastern Visayas before Signal Number 4 was raised in those areas.[59][60]

On December 15, militants of the multi-state-designated communist-terrorist group (CTG) New People's Army attacked troops evacuating residents in Surigao del Sur prior to the storm, killing three civilians.[61]

Impact

Philippines

Costliest Philippine typhoons
Rank Storm Season Damage Ref.
PHP USD
1 Yolanda (Haiyan) 2013 ₱95.5 billion $2.2 billion [62]
2 Odette (Rai) 2021 ₱51.8 billion $1.02 billion [63]
3 Pablo (Bopha) 2012 ₱43.2 billion $1.06 billion [64]
4 Glenda (Rammasun) 2014 ₱38.6 billion $771 million [65]
5 Ompong (Mangkhut) 2018 ₱33.9 billion $627 million [66]
6 Pepeng (Parma) 2009 ₱27.3 billion $581 million [67]
7 Ulysses (Vamco) 2020 ₱20.2 billion $418 million [68]
8 Rolly (Goni) 2020 ₱20 billion $369 million [69]
9 Paeng (Nalgae) 2022 ₱17.6 billion $321 million [70]
10 Pedring (Nesat) 2011 ₱15.6 billion $356 million [64]

Rai caused severe and widespread damage throughout the Southern Philippines, killing at least 33. The typhoon has caused at least ₱25 billion ($501 million) across the Philippines.[71][72]

Typhoon Rai making landfall in General Luna, Surigao del Norte in the Philippines on the evening of December 16.

Over 100,000 people were moved to higher ground as flooding occurred.[73] Strong winds and heavy rainfall also impacted Guiuan, Eastern Samar, with rough waves bashing the shores of the province, according to a news correspondent of 24 Oras.[74] The same situation was also felt across the entirety of Western Visayas.[75] As Rai impacted Liloan in Southern Leyte, an area there was described as "cut-off", indicating that there was no electricity or means of communications in the place. A GMA News reporter recalling his experience inside the storm reported that the building where his team was sustained considerable damages, comparing it to Typhoon Haiyan in terms of ferocity. Their vehicles also received damages from the storm. After the storm passed over the area, the whole municipality was reported to be isolated.[76][77] Many provinces in Mindanao also were severely affected by the typhoon. In Cagayan de Oro, despite rushing water, rescue teams continued to save many people in their houses from the floods. A house was heavily destroyed by Odette's strong winds in Agusan del Norte while a barge of unknown origins was left stranded by the storm's waves on a shore, still in the province.[78] Storm surge also impacted the coast boulevards of Surigao del Norte while Iligan's Mandulog River overflowed. The incident was a horror to many residents there, due to the same effect Tropical Storm Washi in 2011 brought. Further south, it also caused rough waves over Cateel.[79] The Cagayan de Oro River also overflowed, causing several homes to be near-completely inundated.[80] The first fatality from the storm was reported at Iloilo, where a woman was crushed to death in her house by a bamboo tree.[81]

"Yung first responders mismo, biktima kaming lahat. So this is Typhoon Haiyan [Yolanda] again."

Arthur Yap, Bohol Governor on an interview at a news station about the effects of Typhoon Rai on the province.[82]

Surigao City was deprived of electricity and communications due to downed power lines while scores of trees left many roads impassable. Many buildings in the area were also devastated and the overall impact of Rai in the area were described as "widespread". Clean water supply became a problem in the city while almost all coastal houses were destroyed by the typhoon's storm surge. The main wet market of the area was also closed, still due to the effects of the system.[83][84] Authorities are verifying a possible second death due to Rai in the city and a third elsewhere in southern Mindanao. The mayor of Surigao City, Ernesto Matugas also estimated that 100% of the area was devastated due to Odette, also appealing for aid to the government.[85] Aid was also requested by the province of Bohol, where a chief of the area's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) described Rai as the "one of the worst ever for the province". Many areas in the island were severely inundated, including Loboc, among the worst hit. The whole province also lost power services.[86] The governor of the province, Arthur Yap estimated the damages at ₱5 billion ($100 million).[71] A terminal in Siargao Airport was also totally destroyed; the overall island was also wrecked according to the first district representative of Surigao del Norte, Francisco Jose Matugas II.[87] Southern Surigao confirmed a death, while two people lost their lives in Bukidnon.[88] Three individuals were killed due to various reasons across Negros Occidental. Numerous houses there were also destroyed by felled trees, with a triage of the Ignacio Locsin Arroyo Memorial District Hospital being wrecked. Some areas in Kabankalan were also inundated due to a river overflowing there.[89] The Philippine National Police (PNP) also listed two people to be unaccounted for from Western Visayas.[90]

Further assessments of the NDRRMC reported atleast 12 killed due to the typhoon across the affected areas, while seven people were missing. A briefing with the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte occurred on the night of December 17, where the agency noted that many provinces were also pleading for help, especially Cebu.[91] The governor of Surigao also observed that over 99% of individuals of Surigao were affected. Aerial operations were also conducted by the Philippine Coast Guard, where they saw the total devastation of the island. The area were also reported to have been isolated from any means of transportations except for air. The government there also estimated damages to be ₱20 billion ($401 million).[72] The Dinagat Islands were also wrecked due to Rai, with their governor Arlene Bag-ao also requesting aid from the government, and saying the islands was "levelled to the ground". 95% of houses were estimated to have lost their roofs, and emergency shelters were destroyed.[92][93][72] Almost all of Visayas are left without electricity, according to the Department of Energy (DOE).[94] At least 332,000 people were evacuated from their homes. The storm affected areas that were still rebuilding from storms late last year.[95] At least 140,000 people were severely affected, with the United Nations estimating 13 million were affected in some way.[96][97] Military-released Aerial photos showed General Luna was destroyed by the typhoon.[98]

Aftermath

Surigao City is also toured by the Philippine Coast Guard, and heavy devastation were also seen.

Philippines

Social media coverage of the typhoon was much less than expected a day after Rai.[97] Possible effects from the newly-emerged COVID-19 Omicron variant were feared to be worsened by the typhoon's effects.[99] The DSWD further elaborated that over ₱900 million ($18 million) worth of standby funds were already prepared for the people affected by Odette.[100] Immediately after the storm, the current Vice President of the Philippines Leni Robredo and former senator Bongbong Marcos set up relief and recovery operations for the victims of the storm, particularly in Samar and Leyte.[101] Two major telecommunication networks in the country, Globe Telecom and PLDT reported communication disruptions. Both companies assured that their respective teams are trying to restore services.[102]

On December 17, Gwendolyn Garcia, the governor of Cebu, placed the province of Cebu into a state of calamity due to widespread damages.[103] That same day, the governor of Bohol, Arthur Yap, also put the province of Bohol into a state of calamity.[104] The storage of Covid-19 vaccines and vaccine kits were also feared to be disrupted due to power outages.[94] Duterte also announced that he will tour Leyte, Surigao, Bohol and Cebu to check the situation there.[105] Dozens of people are feared dead.[106] Food and water was sparse for those impacted by the storm.[106] The Philippine President, Rodrigo Duterte, was expected to visit affected areas days after the storm hit.[72] A clip of a resident's performance of an excerpt from South Korean pianist Yiruma's song "River Flows in You" went viral. It was played on his piano, which was over 20 years old.[107]

See also

References

  1. ^ France-Presse, Agence (December 18, 2021). "Typhoon Rai: rescue efforts continue after strongest storm to hit Philippines this year". the Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 090600Z-100600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 9, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  3. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 092200Z-100600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 9, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  4. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 100600Z-110600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 10, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  5. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 110230Z-110600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 11, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  6. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 110600Z-120600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 11, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  7. ^ "WWJP25 RJTD 120000". Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  8. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 120330Z-120600Z December 2021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  9. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 96W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  10. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 28W (Twentyeight) Warning NR 001 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  11. ^ RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No. 7 for TS 2122 Rai (2122) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W (Rai) Warning NR 003 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  13. ^ "Tropical Storm Rai (28W) Intermediate Advisory Number 3A". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  14. ^ "Tropical Storm Rai (28W) Intermediate Advisory Number 4". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  15. ^ RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No. 9 for STS 2122 Rai (2122) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W (Rai) Warning NR 006 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  17. ^ PAGASA-DOST [@dost_pagasa] (December 14, 2021). "At 7:00 PM today, Severe Tropical Storm RAI entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was assigned the domestic name #OdettePH. [...]" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  18. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #1 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Odette' (Rai)" (PDF). PAGASA. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 28W (Rai) Warning NR 007 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  20. ^ RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning No. 13 for TY 2122 Rai (2122) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  21. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 009 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  22. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 010 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  23. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 011 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  24. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 013 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  25. ^ Mangosing, Frances (December 16, 2021). "Typhoon Odette makes landfall in Siargao, says Pagasa". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  26. ^ ABS-CBN News (December 16, 2021). "Odette makes 2nd landfall over Dinagat Islands". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  27. ^ "Typhoon 'Odette' maintains strength; makes 2nd, 3rd landfall". Manila Bulletin. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  28. ^ "Typhoon Odette over Panay Gulf after 8th landfall in Negros Oriental". Rappler. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  29. ^ WTPQ50 RJTD 160300 (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  30. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 014 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  31. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 015 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  32. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 015 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  33. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 017 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  34. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 018 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  35. ^ "Typhoon Odette makes 9th landfall over Palawan". ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  36. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 019 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  37. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 020 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  38. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 28W (Rai) Warning NR 021 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  39. ^ "Tropical Depression 28W Advisory Number 1". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  40. ^ "Tropical Storm Rai (28W) Advisory Number 4". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  41. ^ "Tropical Storm Rai (28W) Advisory Number 6". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  42. ^ "Tropical Storm Rai (28W) Advisory Number 7". forecast.weather.gov. National Weather Service, Tiyan. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  43. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #1 for Tropical Depression" (PDF). PAGASA. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  44. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #2 for Tropical Depression" (PDF). PAGASA. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  45. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #5 for Tropical Storm 'Rai'" (PDF). PAGASA. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  46. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #1 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Odette' (Rai)" (PDF). PAGASA. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  47. ^ "PCG: Hindi na papayagang bumiyahe ang lahat ng klase ng barko kapag may storm signal na" [PCG: All types of ships will no longer be allowed to sail when there is a storm signal]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  48. ^ "Iba't ibang lugar, naghahanda na sa Bagyong Odette na nasa PAR na" [Various places are already preparing for Typhoon Odette which is already in PAR]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  49. ^ "DSWD prepares relief goods in Central, Eastern Visayas ahead of Odette landfall". GMA News. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  50. ^ "Cebu Pacific cancels flights due to tropical storm". GMA News. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  51. ^ "10,000 brgys. sa Mindanao, Visayas, at Southern Luzon, pinaghahandang palikasin ng NDRRMC" [10,000 brgys. in Mindanao, Visayas, and Southern Luzon, the NDRRMC is preparing to mobilize]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  52. ^ "Ilang LGU, naghanda na rin para sa posibleng pananalasa ng Bagyong Odette" [Some LGUs have also prepared for the possible onslaught of Typhoon Odette]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  53. ^ "Paglilikas sinimulan na, ilang biyahe suspendido dahil sa Bagyong Odette" [Evacuations have already begun, some trips suspended due to Hurricane Odette]. ABS-CBN News (in Tagalog). December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  54. ^ "PAGASA: Severe Tropical Storm Odette enters PAR". GMA News. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  55. ^ "Signal No. 1 raised over parts of Eastern Samar, Surigao provinces due to Odette". GMA News. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  56. ^ "Odette slightly intensifies, Signal No. 1 raised over 15 provinces". GMA News. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  57. ^ "Odette now a typhoon, Signal No. 2 raised". Rappler. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  58. ^ "Typhoon Odette strengthens further over Philippine Sea". RAPPLER. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  59. ^ "Parts of Caraga under Signal No. 3 due to Typhoon Odette". Rappler. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  60. ^ "Signal No. 4 now possible as Typhoon Odette rapidly intensifies further". Rappler. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  61. ^ "NPA attack disrupts Surigao del Sur typhoon evacuation, leaves 3 dead: Governor". ABS-CBN News. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  62. ^ del Rosario, Eduardo D. (April 2014). FINAL REPORT Effects of Typhoon YOLANDA (HAIYAN) (PDF) (Report). NDRRMC. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
  63. ^ SitRep No. 44 for Typhoon ODETTE (2021) (PDF) (Report). NDRRMC. February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  64. ^ a b Uy, Leo Jaymar G.; Pilar, Lourdes O. (February 8, 2018). "Natural disaster damage at P374B in 2006-2015". Business World. Retrieved February 8, 2018 – via PressReader.
  65. ^ Ramos, Benito T. (September 16, 2014). FINAL REPORT re Effects of Typhoon (PDF) (Report). NDRRMC. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  66. ^ Jalad, Ricardo B. (October 5, 2018). Situational Report No.55 re Preparedness Measures for TY OMPONG (I.N. MANGKHUT) (PDF) (Technical report). NDRRMC. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  67. ^ Rabonza, Glenn J. (October 20, 2009). FINAL Report on Tropical Storm \"ONDOY\" {KETSANA} and Typhoon \"PEPENG\ (PDF) (Report). NDRRMC. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  68. ^ Jalad, Ricardo B. (January 13, 2021). SitRep no. 29 re Preparedness Measures and Effects for TY ULYSSES (PDF). ndrrmc.gov.ph (Report). Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  69. ^ Jalad, Ricardo B. (November 10, 2020). "SitRep No.11 re Preparedness Measures for Super Typhoon Rolly" (PDF). NDRRMC. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  70. ^ Jalad, Ricardo B. (July 29, 2023). "SitRep No.11 re Preparedness Measures for Severe Tropical Storm Paeng". NDRRMC.
  71. ^ a b "Damage in Odette-hit Bohol to reach ₱5 billion". CNN Philippines. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  72. ^ a b c d "Almost 99% of population in Siargao, including tourists, affected by Odette —Matugas". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021. Cite error: The named reference ":3" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  73. ^ Gutierrez, Jason (December 16, 2021). "Super Typhoon Rai Hits the Philippines, Forcing Thousands to Flee Flooding". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  74. ^ "Ilang evacuation center, punuan na; basic health protocols, sisiguraduhing masusunod pa rin" [Some evacuation centers, already full; basic health protocols, will ensure that they are still followed]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  75. ^ "Malakas na ulan at hangin na dala ng Bagyong Odette, naramdaman sa malaking bahagi ng Western Visayas" [Heavy rain and winds brought by Typhoon Odette, were felt in large parts of Western Visayas]. GMA News (in Tagalog). Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  76. ^ "Mga awtoridad, doble-kayod sa pagpapaalala at pag-aalalay sa mga residente na lumikas bago humagupit ang bagyo" [Authorities, double-check on reminding and assisting residents to evacuate before the storm hits]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  77. ^ "Ilang bahay at ibang istraktura napinsala ng malakas na ulan at hanging dala ng bagyong Odette" [Several houses and other structures were damaged by heavy rain and winds brought on by typhoon Odette]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  78. ^ Reuters (December 17, 2021). "Typhoon Rai weakens after pummelling central Philippines". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  79. ^ "Mga senior citizen at bata, kabilang sa mga ni-rescue ng PHL Coast Guard" [Senior citizens and children, among those rescued by the PHL Coast Guard]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  80. ^ "Baha bunsod ng malakas na ulan, halos lumampas na sa bubong ng mga bahay" [Floods caused by heavy rains, almost exceeded the roofs of houses]. GMA News (in Tagalog). December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  81. ^ "1 woman in Iloilo City dead because of Odette, says mayor Treñas". ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  82. ^ "Bohol gov on Typhoon Odette: This is Yolanda again". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  83. ^ "Malakas na ulan dala ng bagyong 'Odette', humupa na sa Surigao City" [Heavy rain caused by typhoon 'Odette' has subsided in Surigao City]. ABS-CBN News (in Tagalog). December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  84. ^ "Surigao City nagtamo ng matinding pinsala mula sa bagyong Odette" [Surigao City suffered severe damage from typhoon Odette]. ABS-CBN News (in Tagalog). December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  85. ^ "100 percent ang pinsala: Surigao City mayor asks for aid after Odette" [100 percent damage: Surigao City mayor asks for aid after Odette]. ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  86. ^ "Typhoon 'Odette' among 'worst ever' for Bohol; national gov't help needed: PDRRMO". The Bohol Chronicle. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  87. ^ "Siargao airport terminal destroyed in Odette's wake, says lawmaker". ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  88. ^ "At least 3 dead as strong typhoon pummels Philippines". Associated Press. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021 – via Yahoo News Philippines.
  89. ^ "Typhoon Odette leaves 4 dead in Negros Occidental; Kabankalan City under water". Rappler. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  90. ^ "PNP: 2 dead, 2 missing and almost 200,000 evacuees due to 'Odette'". Manila Bulletin. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  91. ^ "Typhoon Odette leaves 12 dead, 7 missing —NDRRMC initial report". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  92. ^ "Dinagat Islands 'leveled to the ground' by Odette —Gov. Bag-ao". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  93. ^ "Super Typhoon Rai: Dozens feared dead in Philippines". BBC News. December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  94. ^ a b "DOE: Odette renders eight provinces totally without electricity". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  95. ^ CNN, Jessie Yeung and Jinky Jorgio. "Super Typhoon Rai slams into the Philippines as rescue operations get underway". CNN. Retrieved December 17, 2021. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  96. ^ "Death toll in Philippines typhoon rises to 12: disaster agency". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  97. ^ a b "Super typhoon Rai: Philippine tourist island Siargao among areas hit". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  98. ^ France-Presse, Agence (December 18, 2021). "Typhoon Rai: rescue efforts continue after strongest storm to hit Philippines this year". the Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  99. ^ "Nearly 100,000 evacuated after Typhoon Rai hits the Philippines". Sky News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  100. ^ "DSWD says P900M in standby funds, prepositioned goods ready for Odette victims". ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  101. ^ "Marcos, Robredo mobilize volunteers for typhoon Odette relief". ABS-CBN News. December 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  102. ^ "Globe, PLDT report disruption of services in Visayas, Mindanao due to Odette". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  103. ^ "Cebu Governor declares state of calamity". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  104. ^ "Bohol placed under state of calamity due to Typhoon Odette". www.cnnphilippines.com. CNN Philippines. December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  105. ^ "Duterte to visit provinces battered by Odette". GMA News. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  106. ^ a b "Super Typhoon Rai: Dozens feared dead in Philippines". BBC News. December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  107. ^ "Super Typhoon Rai leaves more than 30 dead in Philippines". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Rai.

Template:Category 5 Pacific typhoons (2001-present)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Rai&oldid=1060964670"