List of feminists
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This is a list of important participants in the development of feminism, listed by feminist ideology.
Early pioneers
- Eleanor of Aquitaine 12th century: believed in women's superiority over men[citation needed]
- Christine de Pizan (1365–1430)
- Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535), author of Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex.
- Marie Dentière - (c. 1495 – 1561)- Genevan Protestant theologian who called for the increased religious participation of women.
- Jane Anger author of Her Protection for Women published 1589 in London.
- Christina of Sweden (1626–1689), Queen
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648–1695), Mexican nun and pioneer of female education in the new world
- Dorothea Erxleben (1715–1762), first female physician in Germany
- Thomas Paine (1737–1809), American Founding Father and revolutionary [1].
- Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794), Philosopher and mathematician of the French Enlightenment [2]
- Abigail Adams (1744–1818), First Lady of the United States
- Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816), Precursor of Latin American Independence and military figure of the French Revolution.
- Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- Jane Gomeldon (died 1779), English essayist
- Mary Shelley (1797–1851), English novelist
- Catharine Beecher (1800–1878), American educator, author
- George Sand (1804–1876), French Novelist
- John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), English thinker and women's rights advocate
- Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858), English thinker [3].
- Concepción Arenal (1820–1893), Activist, writer, thinker, pioneer and founder of the "Feminist Movement" in Spain
- Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) Communist writer and thinker. Wrote The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State
- Aletta Jacobs (1854–1929) was the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician ever.
- Táhirih (1814/20–1852), Bahá'í poet, philosopher and theologian.
- Emily Anne Eliza Shirreff (1814–1897) English activist and writer
- Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), first female physician in the U.S.A.
- Anna Bayerová (1853–1924), second Czech female physician
- Celia Sánchez (1920–1980) - participant in Cuban revolution and one of first women to comprise a combat squad during the revolution.
First-wave feminists
For main article, see: First-wave feminism
- Jane Addams (1860–1935)
- Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner (1874–1930), German university lecturer
- Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906), American suffragette
- Mary Astell (c. 1666 – 1731), author of "Serious Proposal to the Ladies"
- Hubertine Auclert
- Rachel Foster Avery
- Marie Bashkirtseff
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Barbara Bodichon
- Elizabeth Blackwell
- Fredrika Bremer
- Ursula Mellor Bright[1]
- Antoinette Brown
- Katherine Burdekin
- Katharine Bushnell
- Lucy Burns
- Frances Jennings Casement
- Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947), American women's rights activist
- Alice Clark
- Francis Power Cobbe
- Frederick Douglass [4]
- Marguerite Durand
- Millicent Garrett Fawcett
- Margaret Fuller
- Matilda Joslyn Gage
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman
- Emma Goldman
- Olympe de Gouges
- Sarah Grimke
- Angelina Emily Grimke
- Marianne Hainisch
- Jane Ellen Harrison - British scholar
- Julia Ward Howe
- Marie Juchacz - German social reformer, feminist and Member of the Reichstag
- Alexandra Kollontai
- Louisa Lawson - Australian suffragist and women's rights campaigner
- Mary Lee - South Australian suffragist
- Mary Livermore
- Mina Loy
- Margaret Bright Lucas[2]
- Rosa Luxemburg
- Agnes Macphail - first woman elected to Canadian House of Commons; founder of the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada
- Priscilla Bright Mclaren
- Nellie McClung
- Louise Michel, Paris Commune 1871-1880. Considered women's labor of comparable worth.
- Else Mayer
- Rosa Mayreder
- Lucretia Mott
- Anna Maria Mozzoni
- Katti Anker Møller - Norwegian activist on behalf of single mothers and reproductive rights
- Clarina I. H. Nichols
- Emmeline Pankhurst
- Sylvia Pankhurst
- Alice Paul
- Marion Phillips
- Ernestine Rose
- Margaret Sanger
- Séverine
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Rose Scott
- Kate Sheppard
- Dame Ethel Mary Smyth
- Anna Garlin Spencer
- Lucy Stone
- Marie Stopes
- Sojourner Truth
- Harriet Tubman
- Victoria Woodhull
- Virginia Woolf
- Frances Wright
- Clara Zetkin
Second-wave feminists
For main article, see: Second-wave feminism
- Bella Abzug
- Gloria E. Anzaldúa
- Ti-Grace Atkinson
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Lorraine Bethel
- Susan Brownmiller
- Charlotte Bunch
- Oprah Winfrey
- Thérèse Casgrain
- Sandra Coney
- Mary Daly
- Sonja Davies
- Angela Davis
- Heather Dean
- Carol Downer
- Andrea Dworkin
- Susan Faludi
- Melissa Farley
- Shulamith Firestone
- Clara Fraser
- Jo Freeman
- Marilyn French
- Betty Friedan
- Carol Gilligan
- Germaine Greer
- Carol Hanisch
- Donna Haraway
- Bertha Harris
- Nancy Hartsock
- Dorothy Hewett
- Anne Guerry Hoddersen
- bell hooks
- Sheila Jeffreys
- Anne Koedt
- Bonnie Kreps
- Peggy Kornegger
- Jacqueline Livingston
- Catharine MacKinnon
- Gloria Martin
- Kate Millett
- Robin Morgan
- Ann Oakley
- Bernice Johnson Reagon
- Erin Pizzey
- Janice Raymond
- Helen Reddy
- Sheila Rowbotham
- Joanna Russ
- Diana E. H. Russell
- Kathie Sarachild
- Alice Schwarzer
- Lynne Segal
- Kato Shidzue (Japan)
- Ann Simonton
- Gloria Steinem
- Michele Wallace
- Beatrix Campbell
- Liz Kelly
- Ailbhe Smyth
- Renate Klein
- Dale Spender
- Cynthia Enloe
- Betsy Warrior
- Hilary Wainwright
- Melba Windoffer
- Christine Delphy
- Brett Clements
Third-wave feminists
For main article, see Third-wave feminism
- Gloria E. Anzaldúa
- Margaret Atwood
- Jennifer Baumgardner
- Melissa Benn
- Giannina Braschi
- Carrie Brownstein
- Judith Butler
- Lili Taylor
- Susie Bright
- Margaret Cho
- Victor Colussi
- Johanna Fateman
- Ani DiFranco
- Martha Davis
- Donna Dresch
- Corin Tucker
- Betty Dodson
- Maureen Dowd
- Emily Haines
- Kathleen Hanna
- Donna Haraway
- bell hooks
- Miranda July
- Marcelle Karp
- Jean Kilbourne
- Rosie Malek-Yonan (activist and author of The Crimson Field )
- Inga Muscio
- Kathy Najimy
- Sandra Oh
- Alicia Ostriker
- Lisa Palac
- Liz Phair
- Maria Raha
- JD Samson
- Gudrun Schyman
- Joan Smith
- Annie Sprinkle
- Debbie Stoller
- Nadine Strossen
- Robin Tunney
- Tobi Vail
- Rebecca Walker
- Natasha Walter
- Kaia Wilson
- Naomi Wolf
- Molly Yard
- Cheryl Seelholf (Creator of Gentle Spirit Magazine)
See also: Third-wave feminism
Radical feminists
For main article, see Radical feminism
- Redstockings
- Susan Brownmiller
- Nikki Craft (Activist from 1970 to 2006 and beyond who does not identify as 2nd or 3rd wave feminist.)
- Mary Daly
- Andrea Dworkin
- Melissa Farley
- Shulamith Firestone
- Catharine MacKinnon
- Robin Morgan
- Valerie Solanas
- Rote Zora
Ecofeminists
For main article, see Ecofeminism
- Carol J. Adams
- Helene Aylon
- Judi Bari
- Bernadette Cozart
- Mary Daly
- Françoise d'Eaubonne
- Mary Rose de Valladares
- Lois Marie Gibbs
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman
- Susan Griffin
- Monica Sjoo
- Petra Kelly
- Anna Kingsford
- Winona LaDuke
- Wangari Maathai
- Maria Mies
- Vandana Shiva
- Charlene Spretnak
- Starhawk
Dissident feminists
- Tammy Bruce
- Jean Curthoys
- Donna LaFramboise
- Camille Paglia
- Christina Hoff Sommers
- Norah Vincent
- Naomi Wolf
Individualist feminists
For main article, see Individualist feminism
Anarcha-feminists
For main article, see: Anarcha-feminism
French feminists
For main article, see French feminism
- Olympe Audouard
- Hubertine Auclert
- Marie Bashkirtseff
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Helene Cixous
- Christine Delphy
- Maria Deraismes
- Marguerite Durand
- Olympe de Gouges
- Colette Guillaumin
- Gyp
- Luce Irigaray
- Julia Kristeva
- André Leo
- Nicole-Claude Mathieu
- Anais Nin
- Madeleine Pelletier
- Pauline Roland
- Séverine
- Paola Tabet
- Flora Tristan
- Eugenie Potonie-Pierre
- Monique Wittig
Jewish feminists
Lesbian feminists
For main article, see: Lesbian feminism
- Jeffner Allen
- Susan Cavin
- Margaret Cruinshank
- Mary Daly
- Carol Ann Duffy
- Andrea Dworkin
- Marilyn Frye
- Bertha Harris
- Sarah L. Hoagland
- Sheila Jeffreys
- Sonia Johnson
- Jill Johnston
- Audre Lorde
- Robin Morgan
- Maricla Moyano
- Julia Penelope
- Janice Raymond
- Adrienne Rich
- Kathy Rudy
- Ruth Simpson
- Barbara Smith
- Ailbhe Smyth
- Kerry Thompson (Senior Lecturer in Feminist Theory at UCL)
- Urvashi Vaid
- Susan Wolfe
- Monique Wittig
- Sande Zeig
Muslim feminists
For main article, see Islamic feminism
- Leila Ahmed
- Qasim Amin
- Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah
- Shirin Ebadi
- Fatima Mernissi
- Nawal el-Sadaawi
- Huda Shaarawi
- Kartini (Indonesian)
- Irshad Manji
- Asra Nomani
- Azar Nafisi
- Taslima Nasrin (secular but of Muslim origin)
- Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim
Latina feminists
See Feminist history in Latin America
- Gloria E. Anzaldúa
- Cherrie Moraga-One of the most influential of all time.
- Lydia Cacho
- Ana Castillo
- Christina Marie Farley- An influential feminist who used the metaphor of her cat muldoon to depict the amnesties of human origin.
- Linda Martín Alcoff
German and German-Jewish feminists
Women's Health Feminists
Other feminists
- Pamela Anderson, American currently working at the University of Oxford
- Winifred Banks - Fictional feminist from Mary Poppins (movie version only)
- Alan Alda U.S. Actor (M*A*S*H*, (The West Wing) who campaigned extensively on behalf of Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970's and early 1980's.
- Lois W. Banner, U.S. historian
- Annie Besant
- Kurt Cobain self-proclaimed feminist, in defense of the song "Rape Me", which he described as "anti-rape".
- Anti-Flag self proclaimed feminists. Have written songs about feminism including "Feminism is for Everyone (With a Beating Heart and Functioning Brain}
- Flora Brovina
- Liz Carpenter one of the founders of the National Women's Political Caucus
- Cynthia Enloe feminist International Relations scholar
- Betty Ford
- Sarah Michelle Gellar, actor (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) [5]
- Ayaan Hirsi Ali
- Aoua Keita
- Gerda Lerner post-Marxist feminist
- Rosa Huber Canadian Feminist/Activist
- Susan McClary
- Erin McPhee infamous, self-proclaimed feminist
- William Moulton Marston
- Martha Nussbaum
- Sylvia Plath author of The Bell Jar
- Katha Pollitt, author of Reasonable Creatures
- Sarojini Sahoo (born 1956) - Indian feminist writer, considered India's equivalent of Simone de Beauvoir; writes in Oriya language (Orissa state)
- Thomas Sankara, author of Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1987 speech)
- Ailbhe Smyth, Irish feminist activist, academic
- J. Ann Tickner, feminist International Relations scholar
- Frances Willard (1839–1898), an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist
- Elizabeth Wurtzel, author of Bitch and Prozac Nation
- Kazimiera Szczuka - Polish feminist, journalist and critic and theoretician of the literature
- S.U.Zanne - Belgian Feminist (1838–1923)
Feminist allies
- Jello Biafra, American punk rock musician and Green Party activist.
- Hayao Miyazaki, Japanese anime director.