Foča

Foča

Фоча
Foča Фоча
	Coat of arms of Foča Coat of arms
	Location of Foča within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Government
• Mayor	Zdravko Krsmanović (SPRS) [2]
Area
• Total	1,180 km2 (460 sq mi)
Population (1991)
• Total	40,513
• Municipality	?
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code	58
Website	www.opstinafoca.rs.ba

Foča (Serbian Cyrillic: Фоча), is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Foča Region region of the Republika Srpska entity.

History

Early History

The town was known as Hvoča (Хвоча) during medieval times. It was then known as a trading centre on route between Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) and Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey).

During the Second World War some 8,000 people were killed in a number of massacres by the Chetniks. The municipality is also the site of the legendary Battle of Sutjeska between Yugoslav Partisans and the German army. A monument to the Partizans killed in the battle was erected in the village of Tjentište.

Bosnian War and After

In 1992, the city came under the control of Serbian paramilitaries. All of the Bosniaks were expelled form the area. 2,704 people from Foča are missing or were killed during the war, ^[1]the majority of whom are Bosniaks. Foča was also the site of a rape camp which was set up by the Serb authorities in which hundreds of women were raped. ^[2]^[3]

Once the Serb forces cleared Eastern Bosnia of much of its Bosniak civilian population, the towns and villages were securely in their hands. All of the Serb forces (ie. the military, police, paramilitaries and sometimes, villagers too) applied the same pattern: houses and apartments of the expelled population were systematically ransacked or burnt down; remaining members of the Bosniak civilian population were rounded up or captured, and sometimes beaten or killed in the process. Men and women were separated, with many of the men detained in the camps. The women were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably unhygienic conditions, and where they were mistreated in many ways including being raped repeatedly. Serb soldiers or policemen would come to these detention centres, select one or more women, take them out and rape them.^[4]

On 22 April 1992, the Serb Army blew up the Aladža Mosque. Eight more mosques, from the 16th and 17th centuries, were also damaged or fully destroyed.

The city was renamed Srbinje (Serbian: Србиње), literally "place of the Serbs" (from Srbi Serbs and -nje which is a Slavic locative suffix). In 2004, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the name change unconstitutional, and reverted it to Foča, until the National Assembly of Republika Srpska passes an appropriate law.

Population

1971

48,741 total

Bosniaks - 25,766 (52,86%)
Serbs - 21,458 (44,02%)
Croats - 218 (0,44%)
Yugoslavs - 102 (0,20%)
Others - 1,197 (2,48%)

1991

According to the 1991 census Foča municipality had a total population of 40,513. The ethnic distribution was:

Bosniaks 20,898 (51.58%)
Serbs 18,339 (45.27%) (See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Yugoslavs 448 (1.11%)
Croats 104 (0.26%) (See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
others 73

The town of Foča itself had a total population of 16,628, including:

Serbs 8,713 (52.39%)
Bosniaks 7,029 (42.27%)
others 886 (5.34%)

current

No census has been taken since 1991, but data gathered from municipal sources places the current population at around 24,000 nearly all of whom are Serbs.

Features

Foča is the capital of the municipality of Foča and of the Foča Region.

It houses some faculties (including the Medical and Orthodox Theological Faculty of Saint Basil of Ostrog.) from the Srpsko Sarajevo University. It is also home to one of seven seminaries in the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Seminary of Saint Peter of Sarajevo and Dabar-Bosna. There was also of until 1992 the home of one of Bosnia's most important Islamic high schools, the Madrassa of Mehmed-paša.

The third largest Serbian Orthodox Church church building in the Balkans is due to be built in Foča.^{[citation needed]}

Sutjeska which is the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the municipality.