Jump to content

Mil Mi-8

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 71.246.30.208 (talk) at 15:40, 4 January 2010. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"Mi-8" redirects here. For other uses, see MI-8.
"Mi-18" redirects here. For other uses, see MI-18.
Mi-8
Mil Mi-8 of the USAF 6th Special Operations Squadron during a military exercise
Role Transport helicopter
Manufacturer Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant
Kazan Helicopter Plant
First flight 9 July 1961
Introduction 1967
Status In service
Primary users Soviet Union (historical)
ca. 80 other countries, see Operators below
Produced 1961–
Number built >12,000
Variants Mil Mi-14
Mil Mi-17
Mil Mi-24

The Mil Mi-8 (Russian Ми-8, NATO reporting name "Hip") is a medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter,[1] and is used by over 50 countries.

Design and development

The prototype V-8 was designed in 1960 based on the Mil Mi-4 with a larger cabin.[2] Powered a 2,010 kW (2,700 shp) Soloviev turboshaft engine, the V-8 first flew in July 1961.[3] The second prototype equipped with two 1,120 kW (1,500 shp) Isotev TV2 engines, made its first flight on 17 September 1962.[2] For the production version the rotor was changed from a four blades to five blades in 1964.[2] After a few changes it was introduced into the Soviet Air Force by 1967 as the Mi-8.

There are numerous variants, including the Mi-8T which is armed with rockets and anti-tank guided missiles, in addition to carrying 24 troops. The Mil Mi-17 export version is employed by around 20 countries; its equivalent in Russian service in the Mi-8M series. The naval Mil Mi-14 and attack Mil Mi-24 are also derived from the Mi-8. The Mi-8 remains in production in 2009.

Operational history

Use in former Yugoslavia

File:Mi-8 YPA.jpg
Mi-8T helicopter of YuAF.
Croatian Mil Mi-8MTV-1
Serbian Mi-8T cargo helicopter
File:Bosnian Airofrce mi 8.jpg
Bosnian Mil Mi-8

The Yugoslav Air Force bought 24 Mi-8T (Hip C) transport helicopters from May 1968 to May 1969 to equip two squadrons of the newly formed 119th transport regiment from Niš military airport, each squadron with 12 helicopters. Subsequently, from 1973 to the early 1980s, Yugoslavia purchased more Mi-8T helicopters to re-equip two squadrons of 111th regiment from Pleso military airport near Zagreb and the 790th squadron from Divulje military airport near Split, which was under the command of the Yugoslav Navy. In total, the Yugoslav Air Force received 92 Mi-8T transport helicopters from Soviet Union, known formally to the military as the HT-40, while local modification of several helicopters into electronic warfare variants produced the HT-40E. Some 40 helicopters were equipped for firefighting operations.

The Yugoslav Mi-8s' first combat operations were transport of army troops and federal police forces to border crossings in Slovenia on 27 June 1991. The members of Slovenian Territorial Defence fired Strela 2 MANPAD, and shot one helicopter down, killing all crew and passengers.

During combat in the winter of 1991 in Croatia and in the spring of 1992 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslav People's Army used the Mi-8 fleet for evacutaion of injured personnel, transport of cargo and search and rescue of crews of aircraft forced down. As the most of flights were made behind the front, the Croatian forces were able to down one only helicopter, hit with small arms fire near Slavonski Brod on 4 October 1991.

After Bosnian Serbs declared their state in the spring of 1992, some former Yugoslav Air Force Mi-8s continued service in new armed forces. The inventory of the 82nd mixed helicopter squadron of 92nd aviation brigade of Army of Republika Srpska contains 12 Mi-8T helicopters which continued in service until Operation Koridor. During that period, the Republika Srpska Air Force lost 3 Mi-8 helicopters to enemy fire. Three helicopters painted in a blue and white colour scheme flew in the first part of 56th helicopter squadron of Krajina Milicija, using Udbina military airport in Lika as their main base. The Republika Srpska Air Force continued to operate 9 helicopters, albeit suffering problems with maintenance and spare parts, until it was formally disbanded in 2006.

On the other side, Mi-8 helicopters were also used as main air transport. Croatian National Guard obtained their first on 23 September 1991, near Petrinja, when a Yugoslav Air Force Mi-8 made an emergency landing after being damaged by small-arms fire. A further 6 Mi-8T and 18 Mi-8MTV-1 helicopters were bought from ex-Warsaw Pact countries during the war, but only 16 of those survived the war. The remaining Mi-8Ts were retired from service in the Croatian Air Force after the war, while the Mi-8MTVs continued their service in 20th Transport Helicopter Squadron, and 28th Transport Helicopter Squadron. The latter has been re-equipped with new Mi-171Sh helicopters bought from Russia.

The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina secretly obtained Mi-8T, Mi-8MTV and Mi-17 helicopters from various sources. Bad aircrew training cost Muslim forces half of their helicopters. Two helicopters were shot down by Serbian air defences, one around Žepa, while one Mi-17 was shot down by 2K12 Kub M, killing the Bosnian Minister Irfan Ljubijankić, a few other politicians, and the helicopter's Ukrainian mercenary crew. A few Croatian Mi-8MTVs secretly supported Croatian Defence Council operations in Herceg Bosna. After the war, the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina operated the remaining 5 Mi-8MTV's and 1 Mi-8T in the Air Force and Air Defense Brigade of Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Finally, the Macedonian Air Force bought 4 Mi-17V-1 in 1994 and 2 Mi-8MT helicopters in 2001 from the Ukraine. They fly in the Transport Helicopter Squadron (ex 301. Transport Helicopter Squadron). One crashed, killing all 8 passengers and 3 crew members in an accident in January 2008. In May 2008 Macedonia acquired 4 additional Mi-171, purchased from Lithuania.

During the 1998-1999 Kosovo war, the Yugoslav Air Force used Mi-8s for transport of personnel and material to forces in otherwise-inaccessible mountain areas. Evacuation of injured personnel also occurred during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, flying at low altitude to avoid detection by NATO aircraft. Two Mi-17V helicopters which were secretly operated by the Unit for Special Operations post-1997 were also active during the Kosovan conflict. Afther the disbanding of the unit in 2003, the helicopters were transferred to Air Force.

Today the Serbian Air Force, successor of Yugoslav Air Force, operates between 6-8 Mi-8T and 2 Mi-17 helicopters in the 138th Mixed-Transport-Aviation Squadron of 204th Air Base and 119th Combined-Arms Helicopter Squadron (ex 199th regiment) of 98th Air Base.

Finland

Finnish Mi-8 in Hernesaari, Helsinki, in 2005

The Finnish Defence Forces and the Finnish Border Guard have been using Mi-8s since the 1970s, with the Finnish Air Force receiving its first, serialed HS-2, on May 28, 1973, and the second, HS-1, on May 31, 1973. Six Mi-8Ts were obtained at first, followed by further two Mi-8Ts and two Mi-8Ps. Three of the helicopters were handed over to the Border Guard Wing. One of these was lost after sinking through ice during a landing. It was soon replaced by a new Mi-8. After their Border Guard service, the helicopters were transferred to the civil register, but shortly thereafter to the Air Force. In 1997 it was decided that all helicopters, including the remaining five Mi-8Ts and two Mi-8Ps, should be transferred to the Army Wing at Utti. Two Mi-8s are still in active service, since deliveries of NH90 helicopters have been delayed for more than 3 years due to delays in the type approval certificate. As of 2008, a single unservicable Mi-8 at Utti is awaiting a decision regarding its fate, either to be repaired or decommissioned. One Mi-8 is on display at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa, and one is at the Päijänne Tavastia Aviation Museum in Asikkala, near Lahti.

Other

Between April and May 1986 many of these machines were used to drop radiation-absorbing materials into the 4th reactor of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant after the explosion. Most of them were severely irradiated and abandoned in the giant junkyard (so-called "machines cemetery") near Chernobyl. One crashed near the power plant after hitting the crane's lines; everyone onboard perished.

In Afghanistan, there are several civilian versions flying cargo contracts for the US Army.

On 15 October 2006, India agreed to acquire 80 Mi-17 helicopters from Russia in a deal worth approximately US$662 million.[4]

On 19 July 2009 a Mil Mi-8 helicopter crashed at Kandahar Air Field during takeoff killing 16 aboard and injuring 5. The helicopter was owned by Vertikal-T, a Russian air transportation company.

Variants

For more information on Mi-8M series, see Mil Mi-17.

Prototypes/experimental/low production rate variants

V-8 (NATO - Hip-A)
The original single-engined prototype.
V-8A
A twin-engined prototype, featuring TV2-117 turboshaft engines, the prototype underwent further modifications during its life.
V-8AT
Prototype of the Mi-8T utility version.
Mi-8 (NATO - Hip-B)
Twin-engined prototype.
Mi-8TG
Conversion to operate on LPG gas.
Mi-18
Prototype design, a modification of the existing Mil Mi-8. Two Mi-8s were extended by 0.9 meters (3 ft), the landing gear made retractable, and a sliding door added to the starboard side of the fuselage. The Mi-18s were used in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and later used as static training airframes for pilots of the Mi-8/17.

Basic military transport/airframe variants

Mi-8T (NATO - Hip-C)
First mass production utility transport version, it can carry four UV-16-57 unguided rocket pods, (with S-5 rockets), on four weapons pylons on two sub-wings, and is armed with a side mounted PK machine gun.
Mi-8TV
Armed version of the Mi-8T.
Mi-8TVK (NATO - Hip-E, aka Mi-8TB)
Version used as a gunship or direct air support platform. Airframe modifications add 2x external hard points for a total of 6, and mount a flexible 12.7 mm (0.5-inch) KV-4 machine gun in the nose. Armament of 57 mm S-5 rockets, six UV-32-57 rocket pods, 551-lb (250-kg) bombs, or four AT-2 Swatter ATGMs.
Mi-8TBK (NATO - Hip-F)
Armed export version, fitted with six launch rails to carry and fire Malyutka missiles.

Command and electronic warfare variants

Mi-8IV (NATO - Hip-G, for export - Mi-9)
Airborne command post version characterized by antennas, and Doppler radar on tail boom (based on Mi-8T airframe).
Mi-8PPA (NATO - Hip-K)
Airborne jamming platform characterized by 6x “X”-shaped antennas on the aft fuselage. Built only for export.
Mi-8PD
Polish airborne command post version.
Mi-8PS (NATO - Hip-D, aka Mi-8TPS)
Radio relay and command post version.
Mi-8SMV (NATO - Hip-J)
Airborne jamming platform characterized by small boxes on the left side of the fuselage. Used for protection of ground attack aircraft against enemy air defenses.
Mi-8VPK (NATO - Hip-D, aka Mi-8VZPU)
Airborne communications platform with rectangular communication canisters mounted on weapons racks.

Other military variants

Mi-8AV
Minelaying version.
Mi-8VT
Mine-clearing version.
Mi-8MB
Military ambulance version.
Mi-8R
Reconnaissance version.
Mi-8K
Artillery observation, reconnaissance version.
Mi-8PT
Military staff transport version, fitted with improved radio equipment.
Mi-8SKA
Photo-reconnaissance version.
Mi-8T(K)
Photo-reconnaissance version.
Mi-8TZ
Fuel transport tanker version.

Civil variants

Mi-8T (NATO - Hip-C)
Civilian and military utility transport version, with accommodation for 24 passengers, fitted with tip-up seats along the cabin walls and circular cabin windows. The Mi-8T is powered by two 1,677-shp (1250-kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshaft engines, giving the helicopter a maximum speed of 155 mph (250 km/h) at sea level.
Mi-8P
Civilian passenger transport version, with accommodation for between 28 and 32 passengers, fitted with square cabin windows, powered by two 1,700-hp (1268-kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshaft engines.
Mi-8S "Salon"
Civilian VIP transport version, with accommodation for between 9 and 11 passengers, equipped with a galley and toilet.
Mi-8MPS
Search and rescue version (operated usually in Malaysia for Fire and Rescue Department services).
Mi-8MA
Polar exploration version for use in the Arctic.
Mi-8MT
Flying crane version.
Mi-8AT
Civilian transport version, fitted with two improved TV2-117AG turboshaft engines.
Mi-8ATS
Agricultural version, fitted with a hopper and spray bars.
Mi-8TL
Air accident investigation version.
Mi-8TM
Upgraded transport version, fitted with a weather radar.
Mi-8TS
Hot and high desert version.
Mi-8VIP
Deluxe VIP transport version, with accommodation for between 7 and 9 passengers.
Mi-8PA
Remodeled version for Japanese regulation. Built only 1 in 1980, and used in Aero Asahi for heavy material transport at a mountainous region. She retired at 1993, and exhbiting in museum.

Operators

Military operators

Mi-8 and Mi-17 operators
Indian Air Force's Mil Mi-8
Polish Mi-8S
An Egyptian Air Force Mil Mi-8 Hip helicopter flies over Range A as the Combined Live fire Exercise (CALFEX) is conducted near Mubarak Military City.
A Mexican Navy Mi-8 helicopter stands by for passengers on the flight deck aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan (LHD 5), off the coast of Mississippi.

Mil Mi-8 operators include:

 Afghanistan
65 have been acquired by the Afghan Air Force, with deliveries of 30 Mi-8 since 1971, and 35 Mi-17 since 1987.[5]
 Albania
At least 1 Mi-8T was acquired by the Albanian Air Force in 1996 from Bulgaria.[5]
 Algeria
 Angola
 Anguilla
 Armenia
13 in service with the Armenian Air Force.[6]
 Belarus
 Bangladesh
43 Mi-17s and some Mi-8/Mi-8 MTVs in service
 Bhutan
7 Mi-8s in service
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
9 Mi-8T, 2 Mi-8MTV-1 and 6 Mi-17 in service
 Bulgaria
18 Mi-8s in service
 Burkina Faso
5 Mi-8s in service
 Canada
6 Mi-8s leased for one year from Skylink Aviation [7]
 Cambodia
6 Mi-8/17s in service
 China
250 Mi-8/17s in service
 Croatia
15 Mi-8MTVs in service, 10 new Mi-171Sh entered service in 2007
 Cuba
 Czech Republic
40 Mi-8/17s in service
 Djibouti
3 Mi-8s in service
 East Germany
East German Air Force, Volksmarine
 Ecuador
 Egypt
 Ethiopia
12 Mi-8s in service
 Finland
 Germany
Ex-Eastern Germany helicopters
 Georgia
18 Mi-8T/MTV helicopters in service
 Ghana
Ghana Air Force
 Guinea-Bissau
1 Mi-8T in service
 Hungary
23 Mi-8 helicopters in service
 Israel
1 captured Egyptian helicopter
 India
134 Mi-8s in service of Indian Air Force
 Iran
52 Mi-8/17s in service
 Kazakhstan
 Kenya
Used by the police for patrols acquired second hand in 2001
 Kyrgyzstan
8 Mi-8s are in service of Iraq Air Force
 Laos
 Latvia
4 Mi-8/17MTV helicopters in service
 Libya
 Lithuania
5 Mi-8MTV in service

 North Macedonia: 9 in service of Macedonian Air Force ; 4 in service of Macedonian Law Enforcement[citation needed]

 Madagascar
 Malaysia
 Montenegro
3 in service, 2 inoperable condition
 Mali
 Mexico
 Moldova
8 in service
 Mongolia
Mongolian Air Force
 Mozambique
 Myanmar
12 in service
 Nepal
 Nicaragua
 North Korea
 Pakistan
 Poland
Polish Air Force, Polish Navy and Polish Land Forces
 Romania
 Russia
Russian Air Force, Russian Naval Aviation and Russian Army
 Saudi Arabia
 Senegal
 Serbia
15 Mi-8s and 2 Mi-17s in service
 Sri Lanka
 Slovakia
 Somalia
 Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force, Soviet Army Aviation, Soviet Naval Aviation and USSR Border Troops. Passed on to successor states
 Sudan
 Syria
Syrian Air Force
 Tajikistan
 Turkmenistan
 Uganda
 Ukraine
Used by the Ukrainian Airmobile Forces, Ukrainian Air Force, Ukrainian Naval Aviation and Ukrainian Ground Forces
 Uzbekistan
 United States
Used by the 6th Special Operations Squadron for training
 Vietnam
 Yemen
 Yugoslavia
Operated about 93 Mi-8T helicopters, passed on to successor states
 Zambia

Civil operators

Aerogaviota Mi-8PS
 Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Airlines (Mi-8T)
 Canada
Skylink Aviation
 Colombia
  • Vertical de Aviacion
  • Helistar
  • Heliandes
  • Helicol
 Cuba
Aerogaviota
 Estonia
Border Guard, soon replaced by AW139
 Germany
German Police
 India
Jagson Airlines
 Mongolia
Mongolyn Alt (MAK) Corp (Mi-8T)
 Maldives
3 Mi-8s were used by Hummingbird Helicopters in the 1990s. 2 were operated by Seagull Helicopters.
 New Zealand
Heli Harvest (2x Mi-8MTV-1) based in Taupo
 Soviet Union
Aeroflot
 Russia
 Sierra Leone
 Slovakia
Air Transport Europe
 South Africa
UTAir S.A.
 Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan Airlines
 United States
Blackwater USA
 Vietnam
VASCO - Vietnam Air Services

Specifications (Mi-8T)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1992-93[8]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3 (pilot, copilot, flight engineer)
  • Capacity:
    • 24 passengers or
    • 12 stretchers and seat for 1 medical attendant or
    • 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) on internal/external hardpointsFuel max total capacity: 3,700 l (977 US gal)

Performance Armament

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

  1. ^ MIL Moscow helicopter plant website: "Concerning the number of machines built, the Mi-8 has been surpassed only by the Bell 204/205/212 family of light utility helicopters"
  2. ^ a b c Donald, David, ed. "Mil Mi-8". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
  3. ^ Frawley, Gerald. "Mil Mi-8 & Mi-17". The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003. Fishwick, Act: Aerospace Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2.
  4. ^ [1]. Mosnews.com
  5. ^ a b "Historical Listings", World Air Forces.
  6. ^ "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2009, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 26 January 2009.
  7. ^ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080807.wcopters0806/BNStory/National/home
  8. ^ Mark Lambert, ed. (1992). Jane's All The World's Aircraft,1992-93. COulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0987-6.

The initial version of this article was based on material from aviation.ru. It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mil Mi-8.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-8&oldid=335821218"