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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

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Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu
TypeTelevision station
Country
 Turkey
AvailabilityNational
OwnerTRT (Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu)
Launch date
1926 (radio, as TR)
1964 (radio, as TRT)
1968 (television)
Official website
www.trt.net.tr
File:Trtankara.jpg
TRT Headquarters in Ankara with the old TRT logo

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation also known as TRT, (Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu), was founded in 1964, it is the national public broadcaster of Turkey. Around 70% of TRT's funding comes from a tax levied on electricity bills and a sales tax on television and radio receivers. As these are hypothecated taxes, as opposed to the money coming from general government funds, the principle is similar to that of the television licence levied in a number of other countries. The rest of TRT's funding comes from government grants (around 20%), with the final 10% coming from advertising.[1]

Affectionately known to local consumers as the "School", it was for many years the only television and radio provider in Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio in 1990, and subsequently commercial television in 1992, it held a monopoly on broadcasting. More recent deregulation of the Turkish television broadcasting market produced analogue cable television. Today, TRT broadcasts around the world, especially in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. It is frequently heralded [by whom?] as the most widely respected broadcaster in Turkey.

TRT's predecessor, "Türkiye Radyoları" was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950; it would return to the EBU fold as TRT in 1972. The original company started radio test broadcasts in 1926, with a studio built in Istanbul in 1927 and a studio in Ankara following in 1928.

It organized Eurovision Song Contest 2004.

Television channels

All television channels can be watched via Turksat satellite.

Domestic

Test transmissions started on TRT 1 on January 31, 1968. A full national television schedule, which at that time linked the areas in and around Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir, started in December 1971.[2] TRT renewed its membership in the European Broadcasting Union (having been a founding member previously offering only radio) starting on August 26, 1972, with Turkey's first Eurovision Network event, a football match (Turkey vs. Italy), airing across Europe on January 13, 1973.[2] TRT also joined the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union in 1976, the same year their first color television test was showcased via laboratory at the general assembly of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference.[2]

All programming was in black and white from the start of test transmissions in 1968 until the New Year's Eve programming on December 31, 1981, when the first on-air color tests started.[3] The entire lineup switched to color on March 15, 1984.[3]

  • TRT 1 (launched January 1968) - General entertainment channel with a broad schedule featuring local and foreign series, Turkish and Hollywood cinema, live shows with Turkish folk music, Turkish classical music and pop music, live sport, news & current affairs plus special events such as the Eurovision Song Contest.
  • TRT Haber (launched September 1986) - The daytime schedule of TRT 2 consists of news and current affairs, plus sports news and weather. Primetime programming focuses on culture, arts, documentaries and world cinema.
  • TRT TBMM (launched October 1989) - TRT 3 broadcasts live and archive sport including Formula 1, World and European Figure Skating Championships, World and European Athletics Championships, Turkish Women's Volleyball league, U18 Basketball plus feature programmes. When parliament is in session, TRT 3 relays live coverage of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM-TV).
  • TRT Gap (launched October 1989) - TRT Gap airs programming aimed at the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The channel timeshares with TRT 3.
  • TRT Çocuk (launched November 2008) - TRT Çocuk airs children's programming, animated programmes and educational programmes. The station timeshares for most of the day with TRT 4, which signs on in the primetime hours.
  • TRT Anadolu
  • TRT Kurdi (launched January 2009) - TRT 6 broadcasts Kurdish language programming in line with Turkish law, as well as to counter alleged PKK propaganda from the satellite channel Roj TV.
  • TRT Arabic (launched April 2010) - TRT 7 broadcasts 24 hours a day in Arabic language with programs aimed at Turkey's Arab minority, Arab Alevis and Christians as well as the wider Arab world and Middle East.
  • TRT Müzik (launched November 2009) - TRT Müzik is a 24 hour music channel with a 50% quota for Turkish folk and Turkish classical music. It also airs pop, jazz & ethnic music.
  • TRT Belgesel (launched November 2009) - TRT Belgesel is a 24 hour documentary channel.
  • TRT Türk (16:9) (formerly known as TRT INT) - Broadcasts international news, current affairs, documentaries and cultural programming aimed at both Turks and Turkish speaking audience living abroad. It's the first TRT channel to make extensive use of a private production company for news programming.
  • TRT Avaz (formerly known as TRT Türk) (launched March 2009) - International channel broadcast aimed at the Turkic republics and Turks living in the Balkans. The channel has a focus on entertainment and documentaries as opposed to TRT Türk's new focus on news. Programmes are broadcast in a mixture of languages including Turkish, Azeri, Kazak, Uzbek and Turkmen.

Teletext and EPG

TRT started teletext trial-runs with the name “Telegün” on December 3, 1990. Only 7 from 10 channels are broadcasting the teletext: TRT 1, TRT 2, TRT 3/TRT Gap, TRT 4/TRT Çocuk, TRT TÜRK and TRT Avaz. 6 channels are also broadcasting their programs with the Electronic program guide (EPG).

Celebration

In January 2008, TRT celebrates their 40th anniversary, TRT will broadcast old idents and news studio (Still being modern logo). In each day, It will have newer idents. This event also in 1998, 1988 and 1978. In 2018 they will have the bigger celebration.

Closing and opening times throughout the years

  • 1969-2003 all channels close
  • 1990 TRT 1 close at 1am, TRT 2 at midnight, TRT 3 at 23:30, TRT 4 at 22:30

Radio channels

  • TRT Radyo 1 (launched May 1927) - Mixed diet of programming
  • TRT FM (formerly Radyo 2, launched January 1975) - A mixture of Turkish pop, folk and classical music, foreign pop, call ins, news and travel information
  • TRT Radyo 3 (launched January 1975) - Classical music, jazz, world music, foreign pop & rock
  • TRT Radyo 4 (launched October 1987) - Turkish classical and Turkish folk music
  • Radyo GAP
  • Voice of Turkey (launched December 1982)

Regional channels

References

  1. ^ EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program - Television across Europe. Turkey
  2. ^ a b c http://www.byegm.gov.tr/db/dosyalar/webicerik31.pdf
  3. ^ a b HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING IN TURKEY

See also

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