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Doctor Strange

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This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see Doctor Strange (disambiguation).
Doctor Strange
File:Dr Strange by Steve Ditko.jpg
Art by Steve Ditko.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceStrange Tales #110 (July 1963)
Created byStan Lee
Steve Ditko
In-story information
Alter egoStephen Vincent Strange
Team affiliationsNew Avengers
Illuminati
Defenders
The Order
Midnight Sons
Notable aliasesStephen Sanders
Vincent Stevens
AbilitiesMastery of magic, including extended longevity and flight
Genius-level intellect
Skilled neurosurgeon and martial artist

Doctor Stephen Vincent Strange is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Doctor Strange is a former neurosurgeon, a practicing sorcerer, and serves as the Sorcerer Supreme, the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats. Debuting in the Silver Age of comics, the character has featured in several self-titled series and Marvel-endorsed products including arcade and video games; animated television series; a direct-to-DVD film; and merchandise such as trading cards.

Publication history

1960s

Co-created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Steve Ditko, the character debuted in Strange Tales #110 (July 1963),[1] a "split book" shared with fellow Marvel character the Human Torch until issue #134 (July 1965), and then super-spy Nick Fury until issue #168 (May 1968). Doctor Strange appeared in issues #110-111 and #114 before the character's eight-page origin story appeared in #115 (Dec. 1963). The character was inspired by the Chandu the Magician radio program which aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System in the 1930s.[2]

Ditko drew the feature through Strange Tales #146 (July 1966), and during this period he and Lee introduced many of Strange's allies, such as his eventual lover Clea, who debuted (although not initially named) in Strange Tales #126 (Nov. 1964); and enemies, such as Nightmare in #110, and the flame-headed Dormammu, in #126 (Nov. 1964). Doctor Strange stories showcased surrealistic mystical landscapes and increasingly head-trippy visuals that helped make the feature a favorite of college students. Comics historian Mike Benton wrote,

The Dr. Strange stories of the 1960s constructed a cohesive cosmology that would have thrilled any self-respecting theosophist. College students, minds freshly opened by psychedelic experiences and Eastern mysticism, read Ditko and Lee's Dr. Strange stories with the belief of a recent Hare Krishna convert. Meaning was everywhere, and readers analyzed the Dr. Strange stories for their relationship to Egyptian myths, Sumarian gods, and Jungian archetypes.[3]

"People who read 'Doctor Strange' thought people at Marvel must be heads [i.e., drug users]," recalled then-associate editor and former Doctor Strange writer Roy Thomas in 1971, "because they had had similar experiences high on mushrooms. But ... I don't use hallucinogens, nor do I think any artists do."[4]

As co-plotter and later sole plotter, (in the "Marvel Method"), Ditko would take Strange into ever-more-abstract realms. In an epic 17-issue story arc in Strange Tales #130-146 (July 1965 - July 1966), Ditko introduced the cosmic character Eternity, who personified the universe and was depicted as a silhouette whose outlines are filled with the cosmos.[5] As historian Bradford W. Wright describes,

Steve Ditko contributed some of his most surrealistic work to the comic book and gave it a disorienting, hallucinogenic quality. Dr. Strange's adventures take place in bizarre worlds and twisting dimensions that resembled Salvador Dalí paintings. ...Inspired by the pulp-fiction magicians of Stan Lee's childhood as well as by contemporary Beat culture. Dr. Strange remarkably predicted the youth counterculture's fascination with Eastern mysticism and psychedelia. Never among Marvel's more popular or accessible characters, Dr. Strange still found a niche among an audience seeking a challenging alternative to more conventional superhero fare.[6]

From the beginning, Doctor Strange used magical artifacts to augment his power, such as the Cloak of Levitation,[7] the Eye of Agamotto,[8] the Book of the Vishanti,[9] and the Orb of Agamotto.[10] From the first story, Strange's residence, the Sanctum Sanctorum, was a part of the character's mythos. Strange's personal servant, Wong, introduced in #110 (July 1963), guarded the residence in his absence.

Splash page for the "Doctor Strange" story in Strange Tales #110 (July 1963). Art by Steve Ditko.

In keeping with Lee's emphasis on continuity, Strange guest starred in The Fantastic Four #27 (June 1964) and The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #2 (1965), and encountered the Norse god Loki, foster brother of Thor, in Strange Tales #123 (August 1964).

The series continued with Lee dialoging Ditko's plots through Strange Tales #142, followed by Roy Thomas and Denny O'Neil (two issues each). Golden Age artist/writer Bill Everett succeeded Ditko as artist with issues #147-152, followed by Marie Severin through #160 and Dan Adkins through #168, the final issue before the Nick Fury feature moved to its own title and Strange Tales was renamed Doctor Strange.[11]

Lee returned to write the character in Strange Tales #151-157; followed by Thomas (#158-159); and two writers who did virtually no other Marvel work, Raymond Marais (#160-161) and Jim Lawrence (#162-166). Another cosmic entity, the Living Tribunal, was introduced in issue #157 (June 1967) and the evil Umar, sister of Dormammu, in #150 (Nov. 1966).

Expanded to 20 pages per issue, the Doctor Strange solo series ran 15 issues, #169-183 (June 1968 - Nov. 1969), continuing the numbering of Strange Tales.[11][12] Thomas wrote the run of new stories, joined after the first three issues by the art team of penciler Gene Colan and inker Tom Palmer through the end. Colan drastically altered the look of the series, as Thomas recounted: "...he had his own view of what these other worlds should look like. Everyone else sort of copied Ditko's versions of those extra dimensions, which were great and wonderful. When Gene came on, he didn't feel an real rapport with that, I guess, so his extra dimensions tended to be just blackness and smoke and things of that sort... Sometimes it was a little strange for a dimension Doc Strange had been to before to look different when drawn by Gene, but nobody complained."[13] In #177, Thomas and Colan attempted to boost sales by revamping Strange's appearance to more closely resemble those of other superheroes, giving him a form-fitting blue costume, a full-head mask and a secret identity as Dr. Stephen Sanders. The cancellation with #183 was abrupt (there was a "Next issue" blurb in the last issue), and outstanding storylines were resolved in Sub-Mariner #22 (Feb. 1970) and The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126 (April 1970).

Thomas recalled in 2000 that he eloped in July 1968 to marry his first wife, Jean, and returned to work a day late from a weekend comic book convention to find that Marvel production manager Sol Brodsky had assigned Doctor Strange to writer Archie Goodwin, newly ensconced at Marvel and writing Iron Man. Thomas convinced Brodsky to allow him to continue writing the title. "I got very possessive about Doctor Strange," Thomas recalled. "It wasn't a huge seller, but [by the time it was canceled] we were selling the low 40 percent range of more than 400,000 print run, so it was actually selling a couple hundred thousand copies [but] at the time you needed to sell even more."[14]

1970s – 1990s

Doctor Strange #177 (Feb. 1969), the debut of Strange's short-lived new look. Cover art by Gene Colan and Tom Palmer.

After plans were announced for a never-realized "split book" series featuring Doctor Strange and Iceman each in solo adventures,[15] Strange next appeared in the first three issues (Dec. 1971 - June 1972) of the quarterly showcase title Marvel Feature, appearing in both the main story detailing the formation of superhero "non-team" the Defenders,[16] and the related back-up story. The character then starred in a revival solo series in Marvel Premiere #3-14 (July 1972 – March 1974).[17] This arc marked the debut of another recurring foe, the entity Shuma-Gorath, created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Frank Brunner. In issues #8-10 (May-Sept. 1973), in order to stop Shuma-Gorath from entering our reality, Strange was forced to shut down the Ancient One's mind, causing his mentor's physical death. Strange then assumed the title of Sorcerer Supreme.[18] Englehart and Brunner created a multi-issue storyline in which a sorcerer named Sise-Neg ("Genesis" spelled backward) goes back through history, collecting all magical energies, until he reaches the beginning of the universe, becomes all-powerful and creates it anew, leaving Strange to wonder whether this was, paradoxically, the original creation. Stan Lee, seeing the issue after publication, ordered Englehart and Brunner to print a retraction saying this was not God but a god, so as to avoid offending religious readers. The writer and artist concocted a fake letter from a fictitious minister praising the story, and mailed it to Marvel from Texas; Marvel unwittingly printed the letter, and dropped the retraction order.[19]

The Marvel Premiere series segued to the character's second ongoing title, Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts, also known as Doctor Strange vol. 2, which ran 81 issues (June 1974 – Feb. 1987).[20] Doctor Strange #14 featured a crossover story with The Tomb of Dracula #44, another series which was being drawn by Gene Colan at the time.[21][22][23] In Englehart's final story for the series, he sent Dr. Strange back in time to meet Benjamin Franklin.[24]

Strange met his allies Topaz in #75 (Feb. 1986) and Rintrah in #80 (Dec. 1986). The series ended with a cliffhanger as the Sanctum Sanctorum was heavily damaged during a battle. Among the losses was Doctor Strange's entire collection of mystic books and other important artifacts. As a consequence, Strange was now considerably weaker and several spells designed to protect humanity from vampires and the evil serpent god Set would now expire.

The title was discontinued so that the character's adventures could be transferred to another "split book" format series, Strange Tales vol. 2, #1-19 (April 1987 – Oct. 1988), which was shared with street heroes Cloak and Dagger. This new Doctor Strange series resolved Strange's quest to reclaim his power and missing artifacts, as well as resurrect the Defenders, who had died in the last issue of that team's title.

Strange was returned to his own series, this time titled Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme, which ran 90 issues (Nov. 1988 - June 1996).[25] The initial creative team was writer Peter B. Gillis and artists Richard Case and Randy Emberlin, with storylines often written as multi-issue arcs. Strange lost the title of "Sorcerer Supreme" in issues #48-49 (Dec. 1992 – Jan. 1993) when he refused to fight a war on behalf of the Vishanti, the mystical entities that empower his spells. During this time the series became part of the "Midnight Sons" group of Marvel's supernatural comics,[volume & issue needed] and Doctor Strange found new sources of magical strength in the form of chaos magic[volume & issue needed] as well as a magic construct he used as a proxy.[volume & issue needed] He would form the Secret Defenders with a rotating roster of heroes,[26] and reunite with the original Defenders. Strange regained his title in Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #80 (Aug. 1995).

Strange appeared – together with original regulars the Human Torch and the Thing – in the one-shot publication Strange Tales vol. 3, #1 (Nov. 1994).

The character was featured in several limited series, the first being Doctor Strange: The Flight of Bones #1-4 (Feb.–May 1999), with a series of spontaneous combustions by criminals instigated by old foe Dormammu. Strange was the catalyst for the creation of a trio of sorceresses in Witches #1-4 (Aug.–Nov. 2004). The Strange limited series (Nov. 2004-July 2005) by writers J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes updated the character's origin.[27] Another limited series, Doctor Strange: The Oath #1-5 (Dec. 2006 – April 2007), written by Brian K Vaughan and illustrated by Marcos Martin, focused on Strange's responsibilities as both sorcerer and doctor.

Doctor Strange has appeared in four graphic novels over the years: Doctor Strange: Into Shamballa (1986); Doctor Strange & Doctor Doom: Triumph and Torment (1989); Spider-Man/Dr. Strange: The Way to Dusty Death (1992); and Dr. Strange: What is it that Disturbs You, Stephen? (Oct. 1997).

2000s

Strange appeared as a supporting character in the 2000s. In New Avengers #7 (July 2005), writer Brian Michael Bendis retconned Marvel history and established that in the past, several metahumans, including Strange, formed a secret council called the Illuminati to deal with future threats to Earth. In present-day continuity, during the 2006-2007 company-wide Civil War storyline involving the introduction of a federal Superhuman Registration Act, which splits the superhero community, Strange is opposed to mandatory registration and later secretly shelters in his residence the anti-registration splinter group of the Avengers.[28] Strange then sought out a successor Sorcerer Supreme and after he had considered several magicians such as Wiccan, the Scarlet Witch, Magik, and Doctor Doom, the Eye of Agamotto chose Brother Voodoo.[29]

2010s

Doctor Strange appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010-2013 New Avengers series, from issue #1 (August 2010) through the final issue #34 (January 2013).

Renamed Doctor Voodoo, the newly appointed Sorcerer Supreme sacrifices himself in order to stop the powerful mystical entity Agamotto from reclaiming the Eye.[30] The following issue, a guilt-ridden Strange, rejoining the New Avengers, offers the team his servant Wong to act as their housekeeper. Strange and Wong are seen working with improvised teams of Avengers in later incidents.[31] He eventually regains his position of Sorcerer Supreme when Daniel Drumm - the ghost of Brother Voodoo's brother - attempts to attack Strange by possessing various Avengers and Strange manages to defeat him with the use of dark magic without being corrupted by it, the spirit of the Ancient One appearing to Strange to inform him that his willingness to fight for the world even when not officially Sorcerer Supreme, coupled with his ability to use dark magic when necessary and then avoid its corruptive influence, has proven that he deserves the mantle.[32]

Fictional character biography

Doctor Stephen Strange was a brilliant but egotistical neurosurgeon who only cared about wealth from his career. Then a car accident damaged his hands, shattering the bones. The damage and subsequent healing effectively ended his ability to conduct surgery as he had before, since his hands now trembled uncontrollably. Too proud to take on a teaching job, Strange desperately began the search for a cure to restore his hands, consulting various doctors, homeopathic treatments and travelling around the world to remote regions for exotic cures, all to no avail.

Having completely exhausted all funds and reduced to homelessness, Strange is left to performing back alley medical procedures for cash. Depressed and still searching for a cure, Strange locates a hermit called the Ancient One in the Himalayas. The Ancient One refuses to help because of Strange's selfishness, but senses his good side which he attempts to bring to the surface. He fails, but Strange's goodness does show itself when he discovers the Ancient One's disciple, Baron Mordo, attempting to kill the old man. After Strange selflessly thwarts Mordo, (who becomes Strange's most enduring antagonist[33]), he is taught the mystic arts.[8]

As the Ancient One's new disciple, Strange encounters the entity Nightmare,[34] and a number of odd mystical foes before battling his eventual arch-foe: Dormammu, a warlord from an alternate dimension called the "Dark Dimension". Strange is aided by a nameless girl, later called Clea,[35] who is eventually revealed to be Dormammu's niece.[36] When Strange helps a weakened Dormammu drive off the rampaging Mindless Ones and return them to their prison, he is allowed to leave unchallenged.[37]

Powers and abilities

Doctor Strange has been described as "the mightiest magician in the cosmos",[38] and as "more powerful by far than any of your fellow humanoids" by Eternity, the sentience of the Marvel Universe.[39]

Doctor Strange has held the title of Sorcerer Supreme from 1973 with the death of the Ancient One[18] to the present, with only an interruption from 1992[40] to 1995.[41] He relinquished the title once again in 2009,[29] but reclaimed it in 2012 when he proved himself willing to protect the world even without the title.[32]

Strange draws power from several mystical entities, such as the Vishanti (Hoggoth, Oshtur, and Agamotto)[citation needed] and the Octessence (Balthakk, Cyttorak, Farallah, Ikonn, Krakkan, Raggadorr, Valtorr, and Watoomb).[citation needed] These entities usually lend their power to a particular effect, such as the Crimson Bands of Cyttorak, which are used by Strange to entrap foes.[42]

Strange can use magic to achieve virtually any effect he desires, such as flight,[citation needed] immortality,[citation needed] energy blasts,[37] teleportation,[43] astral projection,[34] telepathy,[34] the creation of materials such as food[44] and water,[45] creating planet-wide protective shields,[46] restoring himself from bodily destruction,[volume & issue needed] resurrecting the dead,[volume & issue needed] stopping and reversing time,[volume & issue needed] sealing black holes,[volume & issue needed] restoring universes,[38] absorbing enough power to unconsciously destroy galaxies,[volume & issue needed] growing to the size of and merging with universal concepts,[47] and co-operatively channeling the mass of the entire Marvel Universe.[volume & issue needed]

In addition to his magical abilities, Strange is a skilled neurosurgeon and is also trained in several martial arts disciplines.[citation needed]

Recalled comic

Jackson Guice's cover for Doctor Strange #15 (March 1990) used Christian music singer Amy Grant's likeness without her permission,[48] leading to her management filing a complaint against Marvel Comics, saying the cover gave the appearance she was associating with witchcraft. A US District Court sealed an out-of-court settlement between Grant and Marvel in early 1991, with a consent decree that Marvel did not admit to any liability or wrongdoing.[49][50][51]

Other versions

Main article: Alternative versions of Doctor Strange

The character has starred in several alternate universe titles. In the miniseries Marvel 1602 #1-8 (Nov. 2003 - June 2004), Sir Stephen Strange is both the court physician and magician to Queen Elizabeth I. The title Spider-Man 2099 introduces a female version of Strange who shares her body with a demon in issue #33 (July 1995). The miniseries Strange #1-6 (Nov. 2004 – April 2005), written by J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes, with artwork by Brandon Peterson, reimagined the character's origin, allies and enemies in a contemporary setting.

In the miniseries Marvel Zombies #1-5 (Feb. – June 2006), Strange is infected with a zombie virus along with many other heroes. He reappears in the second sequel, Marvel Zombies 3 #1-4 (Dec. 2008 – March 2009)

In the alternate future universe of the Marvel imprint MC2, Doctor Strange is no longer the Sorcerer Supreme, the title being passed to one Doc Magnus. Doctor Strange uses his remaining power to reform the superhero team the Defenders in A-Next #3 (Dec. 1998) and to fight the Norse god of mischief, Loki, Last Hero Standing #4 (Feb. 2005).

The Ultimate Marvel title Ultimate Marvel Team-Up introduced a version of the character called "Stephen Strange, Jr.", the son of the original Doctor Strange, in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up #12 (July 2002). The character was killed in battle by the Ultimate Marvel version of Dormammu in the miniseries Ultimatum #1-5 (Jan.–Sept. 2009).

Two months before the debut of the sorcerer-hero Doctor Strange, Stan Lee (editor and story-plotter), Robert Bernstein (scripter, under the pseudonym "R. Berns"), and Jack Kirby (artist) introduced a criminal scientist and Ph.D. with the same surname (called "Carl Strange"). Making his sole appearance in the Iron Man story "The Stronghold of Dr. Strange" in Tales of Suspense #41 (May 1963), the character gained mental powers in a freak lightning strike.[52]

In other media

Television

File:Doctor Strange Spider-Man.jpg
Doctor Strange in Spider-Man: The Animated Series

Film

  • The 1992 Full Moon Features film Doctor Mordrid was originally intended as a live-action Dr. Strange film. The option expired before production could begin. The script was rewritten to include original characters not directly adapted from the comics property.[citation needed]
  • In the animated direct-to-DVD movie Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme, released August 14, 2007, gifted neurosurgeon Dr. Strange (voiced by Bryce Johnson) travels to Tibet, seeking any means of healing his hands. Training with the Ancient One and his pupils, Dr. Strange faces the emergence of Dormammu.[54] Its broadcast premiere occurred November 1, 2008 on Cartoon Network.

Planned film

A movie version of Doctor Strange was initially listed as being in pre-production in 1986, with a script by Bob Gale.[55] For unknown reasons the film never went further into production, but by December 1992, Wes Craven signed to write and direct, with Savoy Pictures distributing.[56] The film was set for release in either 1994 or 1995.[57] Savoy went bankrupt and Columbia Pictures purchased the film rights. David S. Goyer had completed a script in 1995.[58] In April 1997, Jeff Welch was working on a new screenplay, with Bernie Brillstein and Brad Grey producing.[59]

Michael France was then commissioned to write a script. Despite interest from Chuck Russell and Stephen Norrington as directors, Columbia dropped Doctor Strange entirely.[60] By June 2001, Dimension Films acquired the film rights with Goyer back on board as writer and director. Goyer hinted scheduling conflicts might ensue with a film adaptation of Murder Mysteries,[61] and promised not to be highly dependent on computer-generated imagery.[58] By August 2001, Miramax Films acquired the film rights from Dimension,[62] but by March 2002, Goyer dropped out of the project.[63]

A 2005 release date was announced in March 2003,[64] while in June 2004, a script still had yet to be written. Avi Arad was in search of an A-list writer.[65] In April 2005, Paramount Pictures acquired Doctor Strange from Miramax, with a planned budget of $50–$165 million.[66] Guillermo del Toro was attached to direct in February 2008, approaching Neil Gaiman to write the script.[67]

In June 2010, Marvel Studios hired Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer to write Dr. Strange.[68] While promoting for Transformers: Dark of the Moon, actor Patrick Dempsey indicated he was lobbying to play the title character.[69] In January 2013, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige confirmed that Dr. Strange would appear in some capacity as part of "Phase Three" of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[70] In May 2013, Feige stated that Marvel Studios plans to release a Dr. Strange feature film after the release of The Avengers sequel and Ant-Man.[71] Marvel Studios later confirmed that it has a Doctor Strange film in development.[72]

Video games

Music

  • Dr. Strange appears on the cover of Pink Floyd's album A Saucerful of Secrets.
  • Dr. Strange is mentioned in the song "Cymbaline" from Pink Floyd's album Soundtrack from the Film More.
  • Dr. Strange guest-stars in the 1972 Spider-Man "rockomic" LP From Beyond the Grave.
  • Dr. Strange appears on the covers of Past, Present, and Future and Modern Times, two albums by Al Stewart.
  • Dr. Strange is mentioned in the song "Mambo Sun" by T. Rex.
  • Dr. Strange is mentioned in the song "Superbird" by Country Joe and the Fish.
  • Inspectah Deck has referred to himself as Dr. Strange in several of his songs.
  • Dr. Strange is mentioned in the song "Renaissance Rap" by Q-Tip.
  • Dr. Strange is referenced in the song "Secret Wars - Part One" by Last Emperor.
  • Dr. Strange is the focus of the song "Doctor Strange" by Paul Roland on his album Gaslight Tales.
  • Dr. Strange is mentioned in the song "Time for a Change" by Peter Hammill on his album pH7.
  • Dr. Strange is referenced in the song "Whoa!" by Black Rob on his album "Life Story".

Novels

Toys

Other

  • A very early concert appearance of the Grateful Dead on October 16, 1965, while they were still calling themselves the Warlocks, was called "A Tribute to Dr. Strange".[77]

Collected editions

Various Doctor Strange stories have been collected into separate volumes.

  • Essential Doctor Strange
    • Vol. 1 collects Strange Tales #110-111, 114-168; 608 pages, December 2001, ISBN 0-7851-2316-4
    • Vol. 2 collects Doctor Strange #169-178, 180-183; The Avengers #61; Sub-Mariner #22; The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126; Marvel Feature #1; Marvel Premiere #3-10, 12-14, 608 pages, March 2005, ISBN 0-7851-1668-0
    • Vol. 3 collects Doctor Strange vol. 2, #1-29, Doctor Strange Annual #1; and The Tomb of Dracula #44-45, 616 pages, December 2007, ISBN 978-0-7851-2733-8
    • Vol. 4 collects Doctor Strange vol. 2, #30-56; Chamber of Chills #4; Man-Thing #4, 564 pages, June 2009, ISBN 978-0-7851-3062-8
  • Marvel Masterworks: Doctor Strange
    • Vol. 1, collects Strange Tales #110-111, 114-141, 272 pages, September 2003, ISBN 0-7851-1180-8
    • Vol. 2 collects Strange Tales #142-168, 304 pages, September 2005, ISBN 0-7851-1737-7
    • Vol. 3 collects Doctor Strange #169-179, 256 pages, The Avengers #61; March 2007, ISBN 0-7851-2410-1
    • Vol. 4 collects Doctor Strange #180-183; Sub-Mariner #22; The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126; Marvel Feature #1; Marvel Premiere #3-8, 272 pages, January 2010, ISBN 978-0-7851-3495-4
  • Origins of Marvel Comics includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #110, 115, and 155, 254 pages, September 1974, Simon & Shuster, ISBN 978-0671218638
  • Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts collects Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #111, 116, 119-120, 123, 131-133, 132 pages, October 1979, Simon & Shuster, ISBN 9780671248147
  • Bring on the Bad Guys includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #126-127, 253 pages, October 1976, Simon & Shuster, ISBN 978-0671223557
  • Marvel's Greatest Superhero Battles includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #139-141, 253 pages, November 1978, Simon & Shuster, ISBN 978-0671243913
  • Doctor Strange: A Separate Reality, collects Marvel Premiere #9-10, 12-14; Doctor Strange vol. 2, #1-2, 4-5, 176 pages, June 2002, ISBN 978-0785108368
  • Doctor Strange vs. Dracula: The Montesi Formula, collects Doctor Strange vol. 2 #14, 58-62; The Tomb of Dracula 44, 160 pages, October 2006, ISBN 978-0-7851-2244-9
  • Infinity Gauntlet Aftermath (Doctor. Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #36)
  • Doctor Strange: The Oath, collects Doctor Strange: The Oath #1-5, 128 pages, May 2007, ISBN 978-0-7851-2211-1
  • Doctor Strange: Strange Tales, collects Strange Tales vol. 2, #1-19, 240 pages, October 2011, ISBN 978-0-7851-5549-2
  • Strange: The Doctor is Out, collects Strange #1-4, 104 pages, May 2010, ISBN 978-0785144250

References

  1. ^ DeFalco, Tom; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1960s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. p. 93. ISBN 978-0756641238. When Dr. Strange first appeared in Strange Tales #110, it was only clear that he dabbled in black magic and had the ability to project his consciousness into an astral form that could leave his physical body. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 114. ISBN 9780810938212. Inspired by the Mutual Network radio show Chandu the Magician, which [Stan] Lee had enjoyed during his childhood, Dr. Strange was in fact a more impressive character than Chandu.
  3. ^ Benton, Mike (1991). Superhero Comics of the Silver Age: The Illustrated History. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Company. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-87833-746-0.
  4. ^ Green, Robin (September 16, 1971). "Face Front! Clap Your Hands, You're on the Winning Team!". Rolling Stone (91). via fan site Green Skin's Grab-Bag: page 31 of print version. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011 deadurl= no. {{cite journal}}: |page= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ "Strange Tales #134". Grand Comics Database. "Indexer notes: Part 5 of 17. First mention of Eternity. Strange would finally find it in Strange Tales #138 (Nov. 1965)."
  6. ^ Wright, Bradford W. (2001). Comic Book Nation: Transformation of a Youth Culture. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 213. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5.
  7. ^ The blue "novice" version first appeared in Strange Tales #110 (July 1963), with the red "master" version first appearing in Strange Tales #127 (Dec. 1964).
  8. ^ a b Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "The Origin of Dr. Strange" Strange Tales, no. 115 (December 1963).
  9. ^ Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "Return to the Nightmare World!" Strange Tales, no. 116 (January 1964).
  10. ^ Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "The Possessed!" Strange Tales, no. 118 (March 1964).
  11. ^ a b DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 128: "Hailing 1968 as the beginning of the 'Second Age of Marvel Comics,' and with more titles to play with, editor Stan Lee discarded his split books and gave more characters their own titles...Strange Tales #168 [was followed] by Dr. Strange #169."
  12. ^ Doctor Strange at the Grand Comics Database
  13. ^ Field, Tom (2005). Secrets in the Shadows: The Art & Life of Gene Colan. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-1893905450.
  14. ^ Thomas (interviewer) (Autumn 2000). "So You Want a Job, Eh? The Gene Colan Interview". Alter Ego. 3 (6): 13–14. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  15. ^ "Marvel News". Marvelmania Magazine. No. 5. 1970. p. 30.
  16. ^ Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 151: "[Roy] Thomas and artist Ross Andru reunited [Doctor] Strange, the Hulk, and Namor as a brand new Marvel superhero team - the Defenders."
  17. ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 156: "Dr. Strange began a new series of solo adventures. He got off to an impressive start with [a] story scripted by Stan Lee and illustrated by Barry Windsor-Smith."
  18. ^ a b Englehart, Steve (w), Brunner, Frank (p), Crusty Bunkers (i). "Finally, Shuma-Gorath!" Marvel Premiere, no. 10 (September 1973).
  19. ^ Cronin, Brian (December 22, 2005). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #30". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2008. We cooked up this plot-we wrote a letter from a Reverend Billingsley in Texas, a fictional person, saying that one of the children in his parish brought him the comic book, and he was astounded and thrilled by it, and he said, "Wow, this is the best comic book I've ever read." And we signed it "Reverend so-and-so, Austin Texas"-and when Steve was in Texas, he mailed the letter so it had the proper postmark. Then, we got a phone call from Roy, and he said, "Hey, about that retraction, I'm going to send you a letter, and instead of the retraction, I want you to print this letter." And it was our letter! We printed our letter! {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; February 4, 2012 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Doctor Strange vol. 2 at the Grand Comics Database
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  22. ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Colan, Gene (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "The Tomb of Dr. Strange!" Doctor Strange, vol. 2, no. 14 (May 1976).
  23. ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: "The great Marvel artist Gene Colan was doing suberb work illustrating both Doctor Strange and The Tomb of Dracula. So it made sense for Strange writer Steve Englehart and Tomb author Marv Wolfman to devise a crossover story."
  24. ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 174: "The year 1976 was the 200th anniversary of the United States' Declaration of Independence. So it was appropriate that several of the major events in Marvel history that year dealt with political themes...In September, just before departing from Marvel for DC Comics, writer Steve Englehart sent Dr. Strange back through time to meet one of the men responsible for the Declaration of Independence, Beenjamin Franklin."
  25. ^ Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme at the Grand Comics Database
  26. ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 262: "Writer Roy Thomas and penciller Andre Coates created this new series that ran until 1995."
  27. ^ Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 323: "Scribes J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes, with artist Brandon Peterson, retold Dr. Strange's mystical origin for a new generation of fans in this six-issue limited series."
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  44. ^ Claremont, Chris; Wein, Len (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "Doomball!" The Defenders, no. 19 (January 1975).
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  46. ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "...If Atlantis Should Fall!" The Defenders, no. 8 (September 1973).
  47. ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Brunner, Frank (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "...Where Bound'ries...Decay" Doctor Strange, vol. 2, no. 4 (October 1974).
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  75. ^ Twitter - Chris Baker (the manager of licensed Marvel Comics games) reveals Doctor Strange's voice actor
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Doctor Strange at Marvel.com

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