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'''Electoral votes:''' 204 <small>(Scott Copeland has access to 4 electoral votes in Idado, where Castle is on the ballot as an independent<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/candidat/2016/2016_November_General_Candidate_List.pdf|title=2016 November General Candidate List|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref>)</small>
'''Electoral votes:''' 204 <small>(Scott Copeland has access to 4 electoral votes in Idado, where Castle is on the ballot as an independent<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/candidat/2016/2016_November_General_Candidate_List.pdf|title=2016 November General Candidate List|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref>)</small>


'''Write-in Included:''' 301
'''Write-in included:''' 301


'''Ballot access:''' <small> Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.</small><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/02/four-statewide-petitions-filed-in-pennsylvania/|title=Four Statewide Petitions Filed in Pennsylvania - Ballot Access News|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="Constitution Party Ballot Access">{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/get-involved/election-central/ballot-access/|title=Ballot access {{!}} The Constitution Party|website=www.constitutionparty.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://amthirdpartyreport.com/2016/08/02/constitution-party-secures-ballot-access-in-west-virginia/|title=Constitution Party secures ballot access in West Virginia|last=Lesiak|first=Krzysztof|date=2016-08-02|website=American Third Party Report|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/26/idaho-approves-all-four-independent-presidential-candidate-petitions/|title=Idaho Approves All Four Independent Presidential Candidate Petitions - Ballot Access News|publisher=}}</ref><br>
'''Ballot access:''' <small> Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.</small><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/02/four-statewide-petitions-filed-in-pennsylvania/|title=Four Statewide Petitions Filed in Pennsylvania - Ballot Access News|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="Constitution Party Ballot Access">{{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/get-involved/election-central/ballot-access/|title=Ballot access {{!}} The Constitution Party|website=www.constitutionparty.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://amthirdpartyreport.com/2016/08/02/constitution-party-secures-ballot-access-in-west-virginia/|title=Constitution Party secures ballot access in West Virginia|last=Lesiak|first=Krzysztof|date=2016-08-02|website=American Third Party Report|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/26/idaho-approves-all-four-independent-presidential-candidate-petitions/|title=Idaho Approves All Four Independent Presidential Candidate Petitions - Ballot Access News|publisher=}}</ref><br>
'''Write-In Access:''' Alabama, Delaware, Indiana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont<ref name="Constitution Party Ballot Access"/>
'''Writein access:''' Alabama, Delaware, Indiana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont<ref name="Constitution Party Ballot Access"/>


===Nominee===
===Nominee===

Revision as of 15:22, 22 September 2016

United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016
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2016 U.S. presidential election
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This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.

"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.

Ballot access in states holding 270 or more electoral votes represents a majority of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. The number of electoral votes for which a party or independent candidate has secured ballot access may increase as those parties or candidates complete their petitions, and filings for ballot access, until September 2016 when the last petition deadlines occur.[1]

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States) and Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016

Electoral votes: 538

Ballot access: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 50 states + DC in total.[2]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Gary Johnson
(Campaign) 		Governor of New Mexico, 1995–2003
Libertarian Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 New Mexico May 29, 2016[3]
William Weld of Massachusetts

Other candidates

The following candidates received primary votes or delegates at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.[4]

Name Prior positions Campaign Primary
votes 		Announced candidacy[5] Notes

John McAfee 		Computer programmer and businessman
(Website) 		3,391 December 24, 2015[6] Before running as a Libertarian, McAfee had announced that he would run as the candidate of a newly created Cyber Party with Ken Rutkowski as his running mate.[7][8]

On the ballot in Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon and California.


Austin Petersen 		Publisher of The Libertarian Republic
(Campaign • Website) 		3,066 September 3, 2015 (filed)[9] On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.

Rhett Smith 		Private security officer (Website) 1,678 July 29, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Oregon and California.

Marc Allan Feldman 		Physician, owner of Openivo, Inc
(website) 		1,219 January 7, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.
John David Hale 1,199 September 1, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in North Carolina and California
(Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)
Joy Waymire Founder and CEO of a non-profit organization (Website) 1,189 March 22, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina and California.

Withdrew on April 13, 2016


Steve Kerbel 		Businessman and entrepreneur, author
(website) 		1,098 June 8, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.

Withdrew on March 16, 2016'[10]

Jack Robinson, Jr. Businessman, inventor (Website) 808 September 8, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina and California.

Darryl W. Perry 		Owner and Managing Editor of Free Press Publications
(website) 		662 Did not file with the FEC as a protest, claiming that the agency lacks constitutional authority.

On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.


Cecil Ince 		Owner of Ince Films, Libertarian activist File:Cecil Ince presidential campaign, 2016 logo.png
(website) 		625 April 14, 2015 On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri and California.

Withdrew on March 17, 2016[11]

Derrick Michael Reid Political analyst, retired engineer (Website) 543 June 23, 2015 On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.
Merry Susan Nehls 34 On the ballot in Oregon
Did not file with the FEC.

Keenan Dunham 		(Website) 18 April 4, 2016 (filed) On the ballot in Oregon

Nathan Norman 		Entertainer
(Website) 		8 January 17, 2015[12] On the ballot in Oregon.
Did not file with the FEC.
File:SS Head Shot for Wiki.png
Shawna Joy Sterling 		Non-fee Pastoral Counselor File:Pastor Shawna Joy Sterling Libertarian for President Logo.png
(Website) 		1 June 11, 2015 (filed) On the ballot in Minnesota

Declined

The following individuals were the focus of presidential speculation as Libertarian candidates in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016

Electoral votes: 476

Write-in included : 518

Ballot access: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming As Write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina. 46 states + DC in total.

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Jill Stein
(Campaign) 		Lexington Town Meeting member (2005-2011)
Green Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 Massachusetts August 6, 2016
Ajamu Baraka of Washington, D.C.

Other candidates

Five additional candidates sought the Green Party nomination.[17][18][19]

Name Prior positions Campaign Delegates Delegations with plurality

William Kreml		 Distinguished Professor Emeritus,
University of South Carolina
Endorsed Jill Stein[20]
(Website)
18.5 / 402
(4.6%) 		1
SC

File:Sedinam Curry (cropped).png
Sedinam Curry		 People's National Convention organizer (Website)
13 / 402
(3.2%) 		None

Elijah Manley		 Chapter President of the National Youth Rights Association,
Florida State Director of the Alliance Against Corporal Punishment
(2015–Present)
(Website)
10 / 402
(2.5%) 		None

Darryl Cherney		 Earth First! organizer
(1980–present)
Endorsed Jill Stein
(Website)
7 / 402
(1.7%) 		None

Kent Mesplay		 Inspector at the Air Pollution Control
District of San Diego County
(2001–2015)
(Website)
6 / 402
(1.5%) 		None

Declined

The following individual was the focus of presidential speculation as a Green candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

  • Bernie Sanders, U.S. Senator from Vermont, 2016 Democratic presidential candidate (refused offer to run, endorsed Hillary Clinton for president instead)[21][22]

Previously speculated

The following individual has been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation ceased for a period of three months or longer before the Convention.

Constitution Party

Further information: Constitution Party (United States)

Electoral votes: 204 (Scott Copeland has access to 4 electoral votes in Idado, where Castle is on the ballot as an independent[24])

Write-in included: 301

Ballot access: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[25][26][27][28]
Writein access: Alabama, Delaware, Indiana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont[26]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Darrell Castle 		Attorney,
Constitution Party vice presidential nominee, 2008 		 Tennessee April 16, 2016[29][30] Scott N. Bradley of Utah

Candidates

Along with Darrell Castle, the Constitution Party recognized the following candidates seeking its presidential nomination at the 2016 Constitution Party National Convention.

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Scott Copeland[31] Ordained Minister  Texas May 5, 2015 (filed)[32] On the ballot in Idaho as the Constitution Party's presidential nominee, with J.R. Myers as his running mate.[33]
John Diamond[34]  Pennsylvania
Daniel Cummings[35]  Wyoming April 11, 2016 [36]
Jeremy Friedbaum[37]
Don Grundmann[38] Chairman of the Constitution Party of California,
Sought 2008 and 2012 Constitution Party presidential nomination 		 California March 14, 2016[39]
Tom Hoefling[35] Political activist

Sought 2016 American Independent Party presidential nomination
American Independent Party presidential nominee, 2012
America's Party presidential nominee, 2012, 2016

 Iowa February 17, 2016[40]
J.R. Myers[35] Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party

Sought 2016 American Independent Party presidential nomination

 Alaska November 26, 2015 (filed)

Withdrawn

The following candidates sought the Constitution Party presidential nomination but dropped out prior to the 2016 National Convention.

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Withdrew

Joe Miller[41][42] 		Attorney, 2010 US Senate candidate  Alaska April 7, 2016 (first reported) April 12, 2016
Patrick Ockander  Texas November 26, 2015 (filed) March 1, 2016

Declined

The following individuals were the focus of presidential speculation as a Constitution Party candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Further information: Party for Socialism and Liberation

Electoral votes: 80 (Gloria LaRiva has a combined 135 electoral votes via the Party for Socialism and Liberation, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Liberty Union Party)

Ballot access: Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington[47][48]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee Notes

Gloria La Riva 		Newspaper printer and activist
Peace and Freedom Party presidential nominee, 2016,
Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008
Workers World Party presidential nominee, 1992 		 New Mexico July 2015[49]
Eugene Puryear
of Washington, D.C.[49]

Peace and Freedom Party

Further information: Peace and Freedom Party

Electoral votes: 55 (Gloria LaRiva has a combined 135 electoral votes via the Party for Socialism and Liberation, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Liberty Union Party)

Ballot access: California[51][52]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Gloria La Riva 		Newspaper printer and activist
Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2016, 2008
Worker's World Party presidential nominee, 1992 		 New Mexico August 13, 2016[53]
Dennis Banks of Minnesota[54]

Candidates

In addition to La Riva, who was nominated with 56 delegate votes, the following candidates received delegate votes for the Peace and Freedom Party's presidential nomination.[53]

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Delegate votes Notes
Monica Moorehead[55] Perennial candidate and activist
Workers World Party presidential nominee, 2016 		 New Jersey February 9, 2016 (filed) 12

Jill Stein 		Lexington Town Meeting member (2005-2011)
Green Party presidential nominee, 2012, 2016 		 Massachusetts July 6, 2015 (filed) 9 Did not appear on the California Peace and Freedom Party primary ballot.
Lynn Kahn[55] Doctor of clinical psychology
Sought 2016 Reform Party presidential nomination. 		 Maryland February 9, 2015 (filed) 1

Previously speculated

The following candidate received speculation but did not seek the nomination.

American Independent Party

Further information: American Independent Party

Electoral votes: 55 (Trump has access to 538 electoral votes through the Republican Party)

Ballot acess: California[57]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee Notes

Donald Trump 		Chairman of The Trump Organization, 1971–present
Republican Party presidential nominee, 2016 		 New York August 13, 2016[58]
Mike Pence of Indiana
  • Did not appear on the California primary ballot, but is believed to have won the primary through write-in votes[59]
  • Will appear on all state ballots as the Republican Party presidential nominee

Candidates

The following candidates were listed on the California Primary ballot as seeking the American Independent Party presidential nomination.[55]

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Wiley Drake[55] Minister and radio host
American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2008 		 California September 8, 2015 (filed)
Arthur Harris[55]  Maryland 15 December 2015 (filed)

James Hedges[55] 		Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007)
Prohibition Party presidential nominee, 2016
Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012 		 Pennsylvania July 2015
(Prohibition Party)
Tom Hoefling[55] Political activist
America's Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012 		 Iowa January 2016
J.R. Myers[55] Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party
Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016 		 Alaska November 26, 2015 (filed)
Robert Ornelas[55] Doctor
American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012 		 California January 2016
Alan Spears[55] Criminal defense trial attorney  California February 9, 2015 (filed) Received the most votes among those listed on the AIP primary ballot

America's Party

Further information: America's Party (political party)

Electoral votes: 44

Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida

Candidate

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee
Tom Hoefling Political activist
American Independent Party and Constitution Party
presidential candidate, 2016
American Independent Party and America's Party
presidential nominee, 2012 		 Iowa January 2016[60]

Reform Party

Further information: Reform Party of the United States of America

Electoral votes: 37 (De La Fuente has access to a combined 117 electoral votes as an Independent and via the American Delta Party and Reform Party)

Ballot access: Florida, Louisiana[61]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee Notes

Rocky De La Fuente 		Businessman
Democratic presidential candidate, 2016
Democratic candidate for the United States Senate from Florida, 2016
American Delta Party presidential nominee, 2016 		 Florida July 19, 2016 [62]
Michael Steinberg of Florida
  • Will appear on the ballot in Colorado,[63] Iowa,[64] Minnesota,[65] New Jersey,[66] and New Mexico[67] under the ballot label "American Delta Party"
  • Will appear on the ballot in Alaska,[68] Idaho,[69] Montana,[70] Nevada,[71] Tennessee,[72] Utah,[69] and Vermont[73] as an independent.

Other candidates

The Reform Party recognized the following candidates as seeking its presidential nomination[74]

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Ed Chlapowski[74] Owner/manager at Opportunity Resolution  Texas
Kenneth Cross[74] Semi-retired engineer and businessman
Reform Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012 		 Arkansas April 25, 2014 (filed)
Lynn Kahn[74] Doctor of clinical psychology
Sought 2016 Peace and Freedom Party presidential nomination. 		 Maryland February 9, 2015 (filed)

Darcy Richardson[74] 		Historian and writer
Democratic Party presidential candidate, 2012 		 Florida July 22, 2016 (announced)[75]

Previously speculated

Workers World Party

Further information: Workers World Party

Electoral votes: 30

Ballot access: New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin[77][78]
(Texas)[79]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Monica Moorehead Perennial candidate and activist  New Jersey November 8, 2015[80] Lamont Lilly[80]

Socialist Party USA

Further information: Socialist Party USA and Mimi Soltysik presidential campaign, 2016

Electoral votes: 25

Ballot access: Colorado, Michigan[81]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee Notes

Mimi Soltysik 		Former National Co-Chair,
Socialist Party USA 		 California October 17, 2015[82]
Angela Walker of Wisconsin 		Will appear on the Michigan ballot as the Natural Law Party ticket[83]

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Electoral votes: 21

Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[84]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Nominated Vice presidential nominee

James Hedges 		Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007)
American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016
Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012 		 Pennsylvania July 2015[85] July 31, 2015[85] Bill Bayes of Mississippi

Independent American Party

Further information: Independent American Party

Electoral votes: 18

Ballot access: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah[86]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Farley Anderson Author  Utah November 7, 2015[87]

Veterans Party of America

Further information: Veterans Party of America

Electoral votes: 15

Ballot access: Colorado, Mississippi[88]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Chris Keniston

Reliability Engineer  Texas
Deacon Taylor of Florida

American Party (South Carolina)

Electoral votes: 9

Ballot access: South Carolina

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential nominee
Peter Skewes Professor,
Clemson University 		 South Carolina May 15, 2016[90]

American Solidarity Party

Further information: American Solidarity Party

Electoral votes: 9

Ballot access: Colorado[91]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Mike Maturen Sales professional  Michigan July 9, 2016 Juan Muñoz

Nutrition Party

Electoral votes: 9

Ballot access: Colorado[92]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee
Rod Silva Restaurateur  New Jersey October 20, 2015[93]

Socialist Equality Party

Further information: Socialist Equality Party (United States)

Electoral votes: 8

Ballot access: Louisiana[94]

Nominee

Name Prior positions State Nominated Vice presidential nominee

Jerry White 		Labor editor,
World Socialist Web Site
Socialist Equality Party presidential
nominee, 1996, 2008, and 2012 		 Michigan April 22, 2016[95] Niles Niemuth of Wisconsin
(Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)[96]

Independent candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Vice presidential candidate Ballot access Notes
Evan McMullin
(Campaign) 		Chief Policy Director for the House Republican Conference, 2015-2016
CIA agent, 2001-2011 		 Utah August 8, 2016[97] Nathan Johnson, resident of San Diego, California[98]
(Paper candidate — will be replaced after election)[99] 		Arkansas, Colorado,[100] Idaho,[101] Iowa,[102] Kentucky,[103] Louisiana,[104] Minnesota[A], New Mexico,[105] South Carolina,[106] Utah, Virginia,[107] (84 electoral votes) See also: Better for America
A (as Independence Party of Minnesota nominee)

No ballot access

Independent candidates

Name Prior positions State Announced candidacy Notes
Dan Bilzerian Professional poker player  California June 2015[108]

Ken Fields 		Entrepreneur, environmental advocate  New York November 2015[109][110]

Zoltan Istvan 		Futurist, writer, transhumanist philosopher  California October 2014[111][112][113] Founder of the proposed Transhumanist Party

Terry Jones 		Pastor for Dove World Outreach Center  Florida July 2013[114][115]

Merlin Miller 		Filmmaker  Tennessee July 2015[116]
Joe Schriner Painter  Ohio October 2014[117]
Guy Schwartz Musician  Texas

Ron White 		Comedian and actor November 2015[119]

Robby Wells

Former Savannah State University head football coach  North Carolina December 2012 (original filing)[120]

March 2016[121]

Previously speculated

The following individuals have been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.

Withdrew

Declined

Individuals listed in this section have been the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but have unequivocally ruled out an independent presidential bid in 2016.

See also

References

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External links

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