UEFA European Championship

UEFA European Championship

File:Eurocup Trophy.JPG
Founded	1960
Region	Europe (UEFA)
Number of teams	53 (qualifiers) 16 (finals)
Current champions	Spain (2nd title)
Most successful team(s)	Germany (3 titles)
UEFA Euro 2012

The UEFA European Football Championship is the main football competition of the men's national football teams governed by UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations). Held every four years since 1960, in the even-numbered year between World Cup tournaments, it was originally called the UEFA European Nations Cup, changing to the current name in 1968. Starting with the 1996 tournament, specific championships are often referred to in the form "Euro 2008" or whichever year is appropriate.

Prior to entering the tournament all teams other than the host nations (which qualify automatically) compete in a qualifying process. The championship winners earn the opportunity to compete in the following FIFA Confederations Cup, but are not obliged to do so.

History

The idea for a pan-European football tournament was first proposed by the French Football Federation's Henri Delaunay in 1927, but it was not until 1958 that the tournament was started. In honour of Delaunay, the trophy awarded to the champions is named after him. The 1960 tournament, held in France, had 4 teams competing in the finals, out of 17 that entered the competition. It was won by the Soviet Union, beating Yugoslavia 2–1 in a tense final in Paris. Spain withdrew from its quarter-final match against the USSR due to political protests. Of the 17 teams that entered the qualifying tournament, notable absentees were England, West Germany and Italy.

Spain held the next tournament in 1964, which saw an increase in entries to the qualification tournament, with 29 entering; however, Greece withdrew after being drawn against Albania, with whom they were still at war. The hosts beat the title holders, the Soviet Union, 2–1 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.

The tournament format stayed the same for the 1968 tournament, hosted and won by Italy. For the first and only time a match was decided on a coin toss (the semi-final against the Soviet Union) and the final went to a replay, after the match against Yugoslavia finished 1–1. Italy won the replay 2–0. More teams entered this tournament (31), a testament to its burgeoning popularity.

Belgium hosted the 1972 tournament, which West Germany won, beating the USSR 3–0 in the final in Brussels. This tournament would provide a taste of things to come, as the German side contained many of the key members of the 1974 FIFA World Cup Champions.

The 1976 tournament in Yugoslavia was the last in which only four teams took part in the final tournament, and the last in which the hosts had to qualify. Czechoslovakia beat West Germany in the newly introduced penalty shootout, with Antonín Panenka's famous chipped shot.

The competition was expanded to eight teams in the 1980 tournament, again hosted by Italy. It involved a group stage, with the winners of the groups going on to contest the final, and the runners-up playing in the third place play-off. West Germany won their second European title by beating Belgium 2–1 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.

France won their first major title at home in the 1984 tournament, with their captain Michel Platini scoring 9 goals in just 5 games, including the opening goal in the final, in which they beat Spain 2–0. The format also changed, with the top two teams in each group going through to a semi-final stage, instead of the winners of each group going straight into the final. The third place play-off was also abolished.

West Germany hosted UEFA Euro 1988, and the Netherlands beat the hosts—and traditional rivals—2–1 in the semi-finals, which sparked vigorous celebrations in the Netherlands. The Netherlands went on to win the tournament, beating the USSR 2–0 at the Olympia Stadion in Munich, a match in which Marco van Basten scored one of the most memorable goals in football history, a spectacular volley over the keeper from the right wing.

UEFA Euro 1992 was held in Sweden, and was won by Denmark, who were only in the finals because UEFA did not allow Yugoslavia to participate as some of the states constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were at a state of war with each other, this state being knowns as the Yugoslav wars from 1990 on. However, the Danes produced a shock, edging holders the Netherlands on penalties in the semi-finals, then defeating world champion Germany 2–0. This was the first tournament in which a unified Germany took part and also the first major tournament to have the players' names printed on their backs.

England hosted UEFA Euro 1996, the first tournament to use the nomenclature "Euro [year]" and would see the number of teams taking part double to 16. The hosts, in a replay of the 1990 FIFA World Cup semi-final, were knocked out on penalties by Germany, who would go on to win in the final 2–1 against the newly-formed Czech Republic thanks to the first golden goal ever in a major tournament, scored by Oliver Bierhoff. This was Germany's first title as a unified nation.

UEFA Euro 2000 was the first tournament to be held by two countries, the Netherlands and Belgium. France, the reigning world champion, was favored to win, and they lived up to expectations when they beat Italy 2–1 after extra time, having come from being 1–0 down: Sylvain Wiltord equalized in the very last minute of the game and David Trezeguet scored the winner in extra time.

UEFA Euro 2004, like 1992, produced an upset: Greece, who had only qualified for one World Cup (1994) and one European Championship (1980) before, beat host Portugal 1–0 in the final (after having also beaten them in the opening game) to win a tournament that they had been given odds of 150–1 to win before it began. On their way to the final they also beat holders France as well as the Czech Republic with a silver goal, a rule which replaced the previous golden goal in 2003, before being abolished itself shortly after this tournament.

The 2008 tournament, hosted by Austria and Switzerland marked the second time that two nations co-hosted, and the first edition where the new trophy was awarded. It commenced on 7 June and finished on 29 June. The final between Germany and Spain was held at the Ernst Happel Stadion in Vienna. Spain defeated Germany 1–0, sparking much celebration across the country. This is their first title since the 1964 tournament.

Trophy

The Henri Delaunay Trophy, which is awarded to the winner of the European Football Championship, is named in honor of Henri Delaunay, the first General Secretary of UEFA, who came up with the idea of a European championship but died five years prior to the first tournament in 1960. His son Pierre Delaunay was in charge of making the trophy. Since the first tournament it has been awarded to the winning team for them to keep for four years, until the next tournament.

For the 2008 tournament, the trophy was slightly remodelled, making it larger. The trophy, which is made of sterling silver, now weighs 8 kilograms and is 60 centimeters tall. A small figure juggling a ball on the back of the original was removed, as was the marble plinth. The silver base of the trophy had to be enlarged to make it stable. The names of the winning countries that had appeared on the plinth have now been engraved on the back of the trophy.

Format

The competition

Before 1980, only four teams qualified for the final tournament.

From 1980, eight teams competed.

In 1996 the tournament expanded to 16 teams, since it was easier for European nations to qualify for the World Cup than their own continental championship; 14 of the 24 teams at the 1982, 1986 and 1990 World Cups had been European, whereas the European Championship finals still involved only eight teams.

For 2016, the competition will increase to 24 teams. In 2007, there was much discussion about an expansion of the tournament to 24 teams, started by Scotland and the Republic of Ireland, due to the increased number of football associations in Europe after the breakups of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, the USSR and the inclusion of many Asian based countries. The new president of UEFA, Michel Platini, was reported to be in favour of expansion which proved an accurate assumption. Whilst on 17 April 2007, UEFA's Executive Committee formally decided against expansion in 2012,^[1] Platini indicated in June 2008 that UEFA will increase participation from 16 to 24 teams in future tournaments, starting from 2016.^[2] On 25 September, it was announced by Franz Beckenbauer that an agreement had been reached, and the expansion to 24 teams would be officially announced the next day.

The competing teams are chosen by a series of qualifying games: in 1960 and 1964 through home and away play-offs; from 1968 through a combination of both qualifying groups and play-off games. The host country was selected from the four finalists after they were determined through qualifying.

Since the expansion of the final tournament starting from 1980, the host country, or countries, have been chosen beforehand and qualify automatically.

The defending champions have never been granted an automatic place in the finals.

Qualifying

In order to qualify, a team must finish in one of the qualifying spots or win a play-off. After this a team proceeds to the finals round in the host country, although hosts qualify for the tournament automatically. The qualifying phase begins in the autumn after the preceding FIFA World Cup, almost two years before the finals.

The groups for qualification are drawn by a UEFA committee using seeding. Seeded teams include reigning champions, and other teams on the basis of their performance in the preceding FIFA World Cup qualifying and the last European Football Championship qualifying. To obtain an accurate view of the teams abilities, a ranking is produced. This is calculated by taking the total number of points won by a particular team and dividing it by the number of games played, i.e. points per game. In the case of a team having hosted one of the two previous competitions and therefore having qualified automatically, only the results from the single most recent qualifying competition are used. If two teams have equal points per game, the committee then bases their positions in the rankings on:

1. Coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition.
2. Average goal difference.
3. Average number of goals scored.
4. Average number of away goals scored.
5. Drawing of lots.

The qualifying phase is played in a group format, the composition of the groups is determined through means of a draw of teams from pre-defined seeded bowls. The draw takes place after the preceding World Cup's qualifying competition. For the 2008 European Football Championship, the group qualifying phase consists of seven groups; one of eight teams and the remainder of seven teams each.

The qualifying phase is done in groups. Each group is played in a league format with teams playing each other home and away. Teams then either qualify for the final tournament or to further playoffs depending on their position in the group. As with most leagues, the points are awarded as three for a win, one for a draw, and none for a loss. In the eventuality of one or more teams having equal points after all matches have been played, the following criteria are used to distinguish the sides:

1. Higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question.
2. Superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question.
3. Higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question.
4. Higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question.
5. Results of all group matches:
   1. Superior goal difference
   2. Higher number of goals scored
   3. Higher number of goals scored away from home
   4. Fair play conduct.
6. Drawing of lots.

Final tournament

Sixteen teams progress to the final tournament; for the 2008 tournament, they will be the winners and runners up of the seven qualifying groups and joint hosts Austria and Switzerland. These sixteen teams are divided equally into four groups, A, B, C and D, each consisting of four teams. The groups are drawn up by the UEFA administration, again using seeding. The seeded teams being the host nations, the reigning champions, subject to qualification, and those with the best points per game coefficients over the qualifying phase of the tournament and the previous World Cup qualifying. Other finalists will be assigned to by means of a draw, using coefficients as a basis.

The four groups are again played in a league format, where a team plays its opponents once each. The same points system is used (three points for a win, one point for a draw, no points for a defeat). A schedule for the group matches will be drawn up, but the last two matches in a group must kick off simultaneously. The winner and runner-up of each group progresses to the quarter-finals, where a knockout system is used (the two teams play each other once, the winner progresses), this is used in all subsequent rounds as well. The winners of the quarter-finals matches progress to the semi-finals, where the winners play in the final. If in any of the knockout rounds, the scores are still equal after normal playing time, extra time and penalties are employed to separate the two teams. This tournament, unlike the FIFA World Cup does not have a 3rd place play-off.

Future

Bids for future tournaments

On 18 April 2007, Poland and Ukraine were selected to co-host the 2012 competition. They saw off competition from Italy and joint bids from Croatia and Hungary as well as Scotland and Ireland.

On May 28 2010, UEFA announced that Euro 2016 will be hosted by France. France beat bids of Turkey (7-6 in voting in second voting round) and Italy, which had least votes in first voting round. UEFA Euro 2016 will be the first to have 24 teams in Finals. This will be the third time France have hosted the competition.

Both Bulgaria and Romania, and the Czech Republic and Slovakia are considering joint bids for Euro 2020.

Statistics

Winners and finalists

In all, 27 nations have appeared at least once in the final tournament. Of these, only twelve have made it to the final match, and nine of them have won it at least once. With three titles, Germany is the most successful European Championship team. No team has ever won consecutive titles.

Map of winning countries

Team	Titles	Runners-up
Germany^	3 (1972, 1980, 1996)	3 (1976, 1992, 2008)
Spain	2 (1964*, 2008)	1 (1984)
France	2 (1984*, 2000)	–
Russia‡	1 (1960)	3 (1964, 1972, 1988)
Czech Republic†	1 (1976)	1 (1996)
Italy	1 (1968*)	1 (2000)
Netherlands	1 (1988)	–
Denmark	1 (1992)	–
Greece	1 (2004)	–
Serbia#	–	2 (1960, 1968)
Belgium	–	1 (1980)
Portugal	–	1 (2004*)

* = hosts

^ = includes results as West Germany up to and including 1988

^‡ = Russia is designated by FIFA and UEFA as the inheritor of the record of USSR until 1990.

^† = Czech Republic is designated by UEFA as the inheritor of the continental record of Czechoslovakia until 1993.

^# = Serbia is designated by FIFA and UEFA as the inheritor of the record of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Players

Rainer Bonhof is the only player with three medals, and the only player with two gold medals. He was in the West Germany squad in 1972 (gold), 1976 (silver), and 1980 (gold). He played finals matches only in 1976.

The following have played in two final matches:

• Soviet Union 1960 (gold), 1964 (silver): Valentin Ivanov, Viktor Ponedelnik, Lev Yashin
• West Germany
  • 1972 (gold), 1976 (silver): Franz Beckenbauer, Uli Hoeneß, Sepp Maier, Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck, Berti Vogts, Herbert Wimmer
  • 1976 (silver), 1980 (gold): Bernard Dietz
• Germany 1992 (silver), 1996 (gold): Thomas Häßler, Thomas Helmer, Jürgen Klinsmann, Matthias Sammer

Final tournament appearances

Number of appearances by country

Appearances	Country
10	Germany1
9	Russia2
8	Netherlands Spain
7	Czech Republic3 Denmark England France Italy
5	Portugal Serbia 4
4	Belgium Romania Sweden
3	Greece Turkey Croatia Switzerland
2	Bulgaria Hungary Scotland
1	Austria Republic of Ireland Latvia Norway Poland Slovenia

¹:Includes 5 appearances as West Germany

²:Includes 5 appearances of the USSR and 1 of the CIS

³:Includes 3 appearances of Czechoslovakia

⁴:Includes 4 appeatances of Yugoslavia

Total hosts

Map of countries' times hosted

Hosts	Nations (Year(s))
2	Belgium (1972, 20001) France (1960, 1984) Italy (1968, 1980)
1	Austria (20082) England (1996) Germany (1988) Netherlands (20001) Portugal (2004) Spain (1964) Sweden (1992) Switzerland (20082) SFR Yugoslavia (1976)

• ¹: Belgium and the Netherlands co-hosted Euro 2000.
• ²: Austria and Switzerland co-hosted Euro 2008.

Goalscorers

Overall top goalscorers (finals tournaments)

Player	Goals
Michel Platini	9
Alan Shearer	7
Nuno Gomes Thierry Henry Patrick Kluivert Ruud van Nistelrooy	6
Milan Baroš Jürgen Klinsmann Savo Milošević Marco van Basten Zinédine Zidane	5

Top scorers by tournament

Year	Player	Goals
1960	François Heutte Valentin Ivanov Viktor Ponedelnik Milan Galić Dražan Jerković	2
1964	Jesús María Pereda Ferenc Bene Dezső Novák	2
1968	Dragan Džajić	2
1972	Gerd Müller	4
1976	Dieter Müller	4
1980	Klaus Allofs	3
1984	Michel Platini	9
1988	Marco van Basten	5
1992	Henrik Larsen Karlheinz Riedle Dennis Bergkamp Tomas Brolin	3
1996	Alan Shearer	5
2000	Patrick Kluivert Savo Milošević	5
2004	Milan Baroš	5
2008	David Villa	4

Hat-tricks

A hat-trick is achieved when the same player scores three or more goals in one match. Listed in chronological order.

Player	Result	Goals	Tournament	Round
Dieter Müller	4–2	82', 115' (e.t.), 119'(e.t.)	Euro 1976	Semi-finals
Klaus Allofs	3–2	20', 60', 65'	Euro 1980	Group stage
Michel Platini	5–0	4', 74', 89'	Euro 1984	Group stage
Michel Platini	3–2	59', 62', 77'	Euro 1984	Group stage
Marco van Basten	3–1	44', 71', 75'	Euro 1988	Group stage
Sérgio Conceição	3–0	35', 54', 71'	Euro 2000	Group stage
Patrick Kluivert	6–1	24', 38', 54'	Euro 2000	Quarter-finals
David Villa	4–1	20', 44', 75'	Euro 2008	Group stage

Most tournaments played

Played	Name	Tournaments
4	Lothar Matthäus	1980, 1984, 1988, 2000
4	Peter Schmeichel	1988, 1992, 1996, 2000
4	Aron Winter	1988, 1992, 1996, 2000
4	Lilian Thuram	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008
4	Edwin van der Sar	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008
4	Alessandro Del Piero	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008

Championship victories in bold

Most matches played

Matches	Name
16	Edwin van der Sar Lilian Thuram
14	Luís Figo Nuno Gomes Karel Poborský Zinédine Zidane

Participation details

Map of countries' best results

Team	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	Total
Germany1	–	–	–	1st	2nd	1st	1R	SF	2nd	1st	1R	1R	2nd	10
Russia2	1st	2nd	4th	2nd	–	–	–	2nd	1R	1R	–	1R	SF	9
Spain	–	1st	–	–	–	1R	2nd	1R	–	QF	QF	1R	1st	8
Netherlands	–	–	–	–	3rd	1R	–	1st	SF	QF	SF	SF	QF	8
Czech Republic3	3rd	–	–	–	1st	3rd	–	–	–	2nd	1R	SF	1R	7
Denmark	–	4th	–	–	–	–	SF	1R	1st	1R	1R	QF	–	7
England	–	–	3rd	–	–	1R	–	1R	1R	SF	1R	QF	–	7
France	4th	–	–	–	–	–	1st	–	1R	SF	1st	QF	1R	7
Italy	–	–	1st	–	–	4th	–	SF	–	1R	2nd	1R	QF	7
Yugoslavia4	2nd	–	2nd	–	4th	–	1R	–	DQ	–	QF	–	–	5
Portugal	–	–	–	–	–	–	SF	–	–	QF	SF	2nd	QF	5
Belgium	–	–	–	3rd	–	2nd	1R	–	–	–	1R	–	–	4
Romania	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	–	1R	QF	–	1R	4
Sweden	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	SF	–	1R	QF	1R	4
Greece	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	–	–	–	–	1st	1R	3
Croatia										QF	–	1R	QF	3
Switzerland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	1R	1R	3
Turkey	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	QF	–	SF	3
Bulgaria	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	1R	–	2
Hungary	–	3rd	–	4th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
Scotland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	1R	–	–	–	2
Austria	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	1
Republic of Ireland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	–	–	–	–	1
Latvia										–	–	1R	–	1
Norway	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	–	–	1
Poland	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1R	1
Slovenia										–	1R	–	–	1

Legend

• 1st – Champions
• 2nd – Runners-up
• 3rd – Third place
• 4th – Fourth place
• SF – Semifinals
• QF – Quarter Finals
• 1R – First Round
• Q – Qualified
• DQ – Disqualified

Notes

• ¹: includes results as West Germany up to and including 1988
• ²: includes results representing USSR up to 1988, and CIS in 1992
• ³: includes results representing Czechoslovakia up to 1992

General Statistics

Team	P	W	D	L	GF	GA	Dif
West Germany (1960–1988) Germany (1992–)	38	19	10	9	55	39	+16
Netherlands	32	17	8	7	55	32	+23
France	28	14	7	7	46	34	+12
Spain	30	13	9	8	38	31	+7
Portugal	23	12	4	7	34	22	+12
Italy	27	11	12	4	27	18	+9
Czechoslovakia (1960–1980) Czech Republic (1996–)	25	11	5	9	36	32	+4
Soviet Union (1960–1988) CIS (1992) Russia (1996–)	27	11	5	11	31	36	−5
England	23	7	7	9	31	28	+3
Denmark	24	6	6	12	26	38	−12
Croatia	11	5	3	3	14	13	+1
Sweden	14	4	5	5	19	16	+3
Greece	12	4	2	6	9	13	−4
Belgium	12	4	2	6	13	20	−7
Turkey	12	3	2	7	11	18	−7
Yugoslavia (1960–1984) FR Yugoslavia (2000)	14	3	2	9	22	39	−17
Scotland	6	2	1	3	4	5	−1
Romania	13	1	4	8	8	17	−9
Switzerland	9	1	2	6	5	13	−8
Republic of Ireland	3	1	1	1	2	2	0
Norway	3	1	1	1	1	1	0
Bulgaria	6	1	1	4	4	13	−9
Hungary	4	1	0	3	5	6	−1
Slovenia	3	0	2	1	4	5	−1
Austria	3	0	1	2	1	3	−2
Poland	3	0	1	2	1	4	−3
Latvia	3	0	1	2	1	5	−4

Last updated: 29 June 2008.

See also

• European Championship goalscorers
• UEFA European Championship Teams of the Tournament
• UEFA Women's Championship
• Men's Under-21
• UEFA European Football Championship mascot

External links

• UEFA European Championship at uefa.com.