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See also: IRT Flushing Line and 7 (New York City Subway service)
7 Subway Extension
The 7 and 7 Express (designated as <7> on rolling stock) services will serve the entire 7 Subway Extension.
Overview
OwnerCity of New York
Termini
Stations1 constructed
(1 proposed)
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemNew York City Subway
Operator(s)New York City Transit Authority
History
OpenedApril–July 2015 (projected)[1][2]
Technical
Line length1.5 mi (2.4 km)
CharacterUnderground
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The 7 Subway Extension, developed in conjunction with the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, is the plan to extend the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway to one new station in Chelsea/Hell's Kitchen, at 34th Street and Eleventh Avenue, 1 mile (1.6 km) to the southwest of its current terminus at Times Square, in the New York City borough of Manhattan.[3] The Flushing Line carries the 7 local and <7> express services.[3] A second station at 10th Avenue – 41st Street was dropped from the plans in October 2007.[4]

The extension's opening has been pushed back multiple times to a projected February 2015 date. In January 2014, Michael Horodniceanu, chief of MTA Construction Company, claimed that complications in the installation of the inclined elevator would likely cause a further delay of about three months, bringing the opening date to very late summer or early fall of 2014.[5] The same reason was given in February 2014 to push back the projected date of the opening to November 2014.[6] In June of 2014, Horodniceanu told the MTA board that, in addition to problems with the inclined elevator and escalators at the station, the ventilation fans along the tunnel are experiencing problems with vibrations delaying the projected opening of the extension several times.[7] The MTA had previously announced that it intends to open the extension to the public on February 24, 2015, and has offered financial incentives in return for a timely opening; however, it will open sometime between April to July 2015 due to other problems.[1][2]

The extension is a key part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, and is expected to bring business and entertainment into the area; the project is intended to aid redevelopment of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen around the West Side Yard of the Long Island Rail Road.[8] It was originally proposed as part of the failed attempt to build the West Side Stadium for the New York Jets and the city's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics.[8][9] Although the stadium plan was rejected by city and state planning agencies, the 7 subway extension plan received approval to move ahead. The extension would also serve the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.[10]

Construction progress

Map of the Manhattan portion of the Flushing Line, and nearby subway lines. The unbuilt Tenth Avenue station is shown. The solid purple segment represents the pre-existing portion of the Flushing Line, while the dashed purple segment represents the new portion of the Flushing Line, and the dashed blue segment represents storage tracks south of 34th Street – Hudson Yards.

In October 2007, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) awarded a $1.145 billion contract to build 7,000 feet (2,100 m) of twin-tube tunnel, from the current 7 train terminus at Times Square to the then-planned shell of the 34th Street – Hudson Yards station, to S3, a joint venture of J.F. Shea, Skanska USA Civil, and Schiavone.[4][11][12] Richard Dattner and Partners, Architects, designed the Jacob Javits Convention Center station.[13] After excavating the new terminal's shell and creating the first 1,000 feet (300 m) of tunnel using the drill-and-blast method, S3 placed two tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) in the ground to dig the remaining 6,000 feet (1,800 m); as it dug, each TBM placed precast concrete liner segments to create the tunnel interior.[13]

In September 2007, it was announced that the new station would feature platform screen doors.[14] The station (along with the new South Ferry station on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line and the three Phase 1 Second Avenue Subway stations in the Upper East Side) will include special air-cooling systems to reduce the temperature along platforms;[15] the extension has ventilation towers, rather than the ventilation grates ubiquitous in the rest of the subway system.[16]

On December 3, 2007, the MTA conducted a ceremony at the Times Square subway station marking the launch of construction of the 7 train extension. The contractor began excavating the station cavern adjacent to the Javits Convention Center. MTA posted a construction update with photographs on its website in November 2008, showing substantial progress.[17]

Mayor Michael Bloomberg's December 12, 2006, address to the New York League of Conservation Voters noted that in November 2006, the government began issuing bonds to fund the extension of the 7 subway to Eleventh Avenue and 34th Street.[18] The $2 Billion 7 train subway extension is being funded with New York City funds from municipal Tax Increment Financing (TIF) bond sales that are expected to be repaid with property tax revenues from future developments in areas served by the extension.[19]

Overview of subway construction area with arrows pointing to the entrances. (Left arrow points to main 34th Street entrance; right arrow, secondary 35th Street entrance.)

One physical hindrance to the construction of the extension was the lower-level platform at 42nd Street – Port Authority Bus Terminal on the IND Eighth Avenue Line. The abandoned platform was partially razed, to allow the 7 train extension to be built.[20]

In June 2008, construction on the tunnels began along Eleventh Avenue in Manhattan. In February 2009, S3 lowered the first of two tunnel-boring machine into a giant shaft at the corner of 25th Street and Eleventh Avenue.[21] The two boring machines dug parallel 7,100-foot (2,200 m) long tunnels north along Eleventh Avenue to the current terminus of the 7 service at 41st Street and Times Square. On December 21, 2009, the MTA said that a tunnel-boring machine broke through the 34th Street station cavern wall.[22] Both tunnel-boring machines were scheduled to finish the required tunneling in the spring of 2010.[23]

In June 2009, the MTA completed excavation of a 150-foot (46 m) long cavern, which lies just below the bus entrance ramp to the lower level of the Port Authority Bus Terminal and formed part of the eastern end of the new extension and connected it to the Times Square station. At the same time, tunnels were being dug northward from the machine shaft at 26th Street; soft ground at 27th and 28th Street required 300 feet (91 m) of ground to be frozen so that the tunnel-boring machines could easily dig through the soil.[24]

In June 2010, one of the TBMs completed its tunnel at the cavern; the second TBM broke through the wall of the cavern on July 15, 2010, completing its tunneling operation. The TBMs were partially disassembled and backed up to the 25th Street shaft, where they were lifted out.[25][26][27] In April 2011, the MTA announced that the contract covering the tunnels, the 34th Street station mezzanine and passenger platform was 85% complete, and that the systems contract, covering mechanical and electrical systems, electric power, lighting and train tracks would be awarded by July 2011. A second entrance to the station is planned.[28] In May 2012, the MTA announced that the extension, now 65% complete, had received the installation of the first set of rails.[29]

On August 21, 2013, the MTA announced that the 7 Subway Extension was 90% complete.[30] On December 20, 2013, Mayor Michael Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new terminal, celebrating a part of his legacy as Mayor; at the time, the proposed opening date was June 2014.[31][32]

Delays

Soon after Bloomberg's ceremonial ride, the opening date of the subway extension was pushed back from June to early fall 2014,[5] then to November 2014,[6] then to February 2015,[7] and then to May 2015[1] because of problems with two incline elevators being installed in the station.[33]

On October 1, 2014, the MTA told the New York Daily News that the agency had signed a new agreement with the prime contractor, offering up to $4.75 million in incentive payments if the new station is finished and ready to open to the public by February 24, 2015.[34]

On December 16, 2014, the MTA stated that it was unable to open the subway extension for service until April to July 2015, due to the failure to get the inclined elevators to work properly.[2][1] Problems with the security and fire alarm systems were also blamed for the delays.[35]

The use of inclined elevators was intended to provide wheelchair-bound patrons with a shorter, easier path to the train platform as well as to reduce tunneling costs.[5] The two elevators were manufactured by Maspero Elevatori, in Appiano Gentile, Italy, using a controller made on Long Island, speed governors made in Ohio, and buttons and other parts in Queens.[5] The software for the elevator was written in the United States. Maspero Elevatori assembled the elevators in Italy, and they failed an operational test there, prior to being shipped to the United States.[5] The MTA said the manufacturer chose to use American subcontractors in place of local Italian suppliers after reading the specifications the transit agency submitted. The MTA has been working with the manufacturer to try to resolve the problems caused by a very high level of customization.[5]

  • Digging the station cavern
    Digging the station cavern
  • Construction Site P, 11th Avenue and 33rd Street in May 2010
    Construction Site P, 11th Avenue and 33rd Street in May 2010
  • Extension work during night time
    Extension work during night time
  • Tunnel under construction as of January 26, 2012[update]
    Tunnel under construction as of January 26, 2012
  • Mezzanine and trackways under construction
    Mezzanine and trackways under construction
  • Tunnel portals at end of station cavern
    Tunnel portals at end of station cavern
  • Building tracks connecting Times Square to the line extension in March 2012
    Building tracks connecting Times Square to the line extension in March 2012
  • Tunnel progress in September 2012
    Tunnel progress in September 2012
  • Ventilation structure at 11th Avenue and 36th Street, near construction site K
    Ventilation structure at 11th Avenue and 36th Street, near construction site K
  • Tunnel on the 7 Subway Extension, under construction
    Tunnel on the 7 Subway Extension, under construction
  • Tracks in the station, April 2013
    Tracks in the station, April 2013
  • Extension, as viewed from Times Square on November 25, 2013. The fake wall has been removed
    Extension, as viewed from Times Square on November 25, 2013. The fake wall has been removed
  • Station entrance under construction in May 2014
    Station entrance under construction in May 2014
  • Completed Site A building between 25th and 26th Street, June 2014
    Completed Site A building between 25th and 26th Street, June 2014

Construction areas

34th Street – Hudson Yards station

Progress on constructing the 34th Street – Hudson Yards station mezzanine as of June 2011
The 34th Street station on December 21, 2013
Diamond crossover on the 7 Subway Extension, under construction north of 34th Street
Main article: 34th Street – Hudson Yards (IRT Flushing Line)

The 34th Street – Hudson Yards station, which is under construction as of December 2013, is at the intersection of 11th Avenue and 34th Street. It will be the only station on the extension, and is expected to open between April and July 2015.[1][2] The MTA says that the new station will "make it possible for new housing, restaurants and entertainment to grow" in the surrounding neighborhoods, including Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea.[36]

Passenger access to the station includes a pair of incline elevators.[33] The project has been plagued by delays because of the mishaps involved in the installation of the custom-made elevators.[37] In June 2012, the extension's opening was delayed to June 2014, with the rest of the 34th Street – Hudson Yards station to open at the end of 2015;[38][39] As of December 15, 2014, the opening date was changed to mid-2015.[1][2] In April 2014, the first of the 170-foot-long (52 m) incline elevators was installed in the station.[33] The 80-foot (24 m) high incline elevators[40][41] are the first of their kind in the system.[33]

Above-ground structures

The extension contains five street-level structures:[40]

  • Site A, a ventilation building at 11th Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets[40]
  • Site J, a ventilation building at 11th Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets next to the main entrance and elevator entrance[40]
  • Site K, a ventilation building at 11th Avenue between 35th and 37th Streets[40]
  • Site L, a ventilation building at 41st Street and Dyer Avenue[40]
  • Site P, the secondary station entrance between 11th Avenue between 34th and 35th Streets[40]

Proposals

10th Avenue station

Further information: 10th Avenue (IRT Flushing Line)

Although a new station at 10th Avenue and 41st Street was part of the original plan, the intermediate station was eliminated in October 2007 due to cost overruns, leaving the terminal station at Eleventh Avenue and 34th Street as the only new station on the extension. The MTA indicated that the 10th Avenue station could be included in the project if funding were found.[4] The station was not included in the original (2007) contract award, but was listed as a $450 million option. In late December 2007, reports indicated that the postponed station might be partially built if the City of New York and the MTA agreed on the additional financing for the station shell.[42] In February 2009, the MTA announced that it would build the station if the agency received sufficient funds from the federal economic stimulus package.[43] In June 2010, the city announced it was seeking funding to assess the feasibility of constructing the station at a later date using a two-platform, two-entrance model without an underground connecting passage.[44][45][46][47][48]

Proposed New Jersey extension

On November 16, 2010, The New York Times reported that Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration had been working on a plan to extend the 7 service across the Hudson River to Hoboken and continue to Secaucus Junction in New Jersey, where it would connect with most New Jersey Transit commuter lines. It would offer New Jersey commuters a direct route to Grand Central Terminal on the East Side of Manhattan and connections to most other New York City subway routes.[49]

If opened, the extension would take the New York City Subway outside the state's borders for the first time. The plan would replace the Access to the Region's Core (ARC) tunnel, which was canceled by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie in October 2010.[50]

On February 2, 2011 the city's Economic Development Corporation voted to budget up to $250,000 for a feasibility study of a tunnel for the subway line extension. Parsons Brinckerhoff, a major engineering firm that had been working on the ARC tunnel, carried out the study.[51][52] The report was released in April 2013.[53][54] The proposal includes the construction of the in-fill station at 10th Avenue, tunnels running along the path of the ARC tunnel, and a multi-level multi-modal addition to Secaucus Junction. A widening of the right-of way of the Northeast Corridor was considered.[55]

The New York Post has reported that the Flushing line extension to Secaucus will have a formal proposal made by Mayor Bloomberg around the end of 2012. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and the Port Authority are on record as supporting the plan, along with splitting the estimated US$10 billion cost if it is officially approved.[56]

A subway extension would cost less than the ARC tunnel, as it would start at the planned station at Eleventh Avenue and go west, avoiding the expensive tunnel boring work east to Herald Square and the complex station deep underground there. However, travel times into Manhattan might be longer than under the original ARC proposal, because riders would need to transfer to the subway from New Jersey Transit trains at Secaucus. Additionally, because NJT trains would continue to or from Penn Station, the key goal of reduced tunnel congestion between New Jersey and New York would not be achieved. On the other hand, as Governor Christie said "It would actually connect us to the east side of Manhattan, like we always wanted to..."[57] Bloomberg had yet to meet with New York Governor-elect Andrew Cuomo, and the project, which could require five additional years to develop, would not be automatically entitled to the federal funding allotted to the ARC tunnel.[58][59][60][61]

Amtrak's February 2011 announcement of the Gateway Project includes a proposal to extend the 7 service three blocks east of Eleventh Avenue to New York Penn Station, instead of five miles west to Secaucus.[62] Gateway, under auspices of Amtrak, would include a high-speed rail right-of way from Newark Penn to New York Penn and provide more capacity on New Jersey Transit rail operations. US Congress allocated $15 million for studies for the project in November 2011. It is likely the two projects, Gateway and the subway extension, will be in competition for funding.[63]

In April 2012, citing budget considerations, the director of the MTA, Joe Lhota, said that it was doubtful the extension would be built in the foreseeable future, suggesting that the Gateway Project was a much more likely solution to congestion at Hudson River crossings.[64] However, a feasibility study commissioned by the city and released in April 2013 revived hope for the project, with Mayor Bloomberg saying "Extending the 7 train to Secaucus is a promising potential solution ... and is deserving of serious consideration."[65][66]

In a November 2013 Daily News opinion article, the president of the Real Estate Board of New York and the chairman of Edison Properties called for the line to be extended to Secaucus in tunnels to be shared with the Gateway Project.[67] Later in November 2013 the New Jersey Assembly passed a Resolution 168[68] supporting the extension of the line to Hoboken and Secaucus.[69]

An economic impact study by the Meadowlands Chamber of Commerce is expected to be released in spring 2015.[70]

Awards and innovations

The New York State Society of Professional Engineers awarded the first construction phase, "Running Tunnels and Underground Structures," its 2013 Construction Project of the Year. According to the society, the project team won the award "for outstanding professional engineering efforts in developing creative solutions and innovative technologies in construction of an infrastructure project. The No. 7 project used the first double-shielded tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to tunnel under New York City while placing precast concrete segments to form the tunnels’ walls. For the first time in the world, a ground freezing method was used to harden soil to act as rock to allow TBMs to maintain proper course while boring and placing the tunnel liners."[71] While the extension extends 1 mile (1.6 km), the tunnels are actually 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long.[72]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e Sill, Andrew. "Hudson Yards subway extension delayed again".
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  4. ^ a b c "Transit Board Approves Funding For 7 Line Extension". NY1. October 25, 2007. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
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  8. ^ a b "No. 7 Subway Extension". Hudson Yards Development Corporation. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
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  42. ^ Naanes, Marlene (December 20, 2007). "7 Line Extension May Get 41st Street Stop". amNewYork. Archived from the original on May 13, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
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  45. ^ Urban, Jill (April 2, 2010). "West Side Developers Fight For 7 Line Extension". NY1. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
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  51. ^ Bernstein, Andrea (February 4, 2011). "City finally puts $$$ behind subway to New Jersey". Transportation Nation. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  53. ^ Frasinelli, Mike (April 10, 2013). "Plan to extend No. 7 subway from NYC to New Jersey could be back on track". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  54. ^ Rouse, Karen (April 10, 2013). "Report: Extending NY No. 7 subway line to Secaucus would accommodate commuter demand". The Record. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
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  63. ^ Higgss, Larry (December 4, 2011). "Tunnelvision Gateway project, No. 7 train extension latest to vie for trans-Hudson blessing". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved December 5, 2011Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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  68. ^ "AN ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION supporting the extension of the New York City IRT Flushing Line into the State of New Jersey" (PDF). ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION No. 168 STATE OF NEW JERSEY 215th LEGISLATURE. New Jersey Legislature. May 13, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
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  72. ^ "7 Line Extension". MTA.info. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 7 Subway Extension and 34th Street (IRT Flushing Line).
KML file (edit • help)
Template:Attached KML/7 Subway Extension
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External videos
YouTube video clips about the 7 Subway Extension by Metropolitan Transportation Authority
video icon 12/14/2009 Update, January 12, 2010; 2:32
video icon 7/15/2010, July 16, 2010; 3:13
video icon 5/4/2011 Update, May 4, 2011; 2:59
video icon 11/16/2011 Update, November 16, 2011; 2:27
video icon 5/10/2012 Update – Rails being delivered, May 10, 2012; 2:53
video icon 12/3/2012 Update, November 16, 2011; 3:08
video icon 12/21/2013 Inaugural Ride, December 21, 2013; 9:30

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