800 metres at the Olympics
| 800 metres at the Olympic Games | |
|---|---|
 The 2012 Olympic women's 800 m final | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men and women |
| Years held | Men: 1896–2012 Women: 1928, 1960 –2012 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 1:40.91 David Rudisha (2012) |
| Women | 1:53.43 Nadezhda Olizarenko (1980) |
| Reigning champion | |
| Men |  David Rudisha (KEN) |
| Women |  Mariya Savinova (RUS) |
The 800 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the first edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 800 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896. The women's event was first held in 1928, making it the first distance running event for women. However it was not held again until 1960, since when it has been a permanent fixture. It is the most prestigious 800 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three rounds: a qualifying round, semi-final stage, and a final between eight runners.
The Olympic records are held by David Rudisha, who ran a world record of 1:40.91 minutes in 2012, and Nadezhda Olizarenko, who ran a former world record of 1:53.43 minutes in 1980. Olizarenko's mark is the joint longest-standing women's Olympic record and the joint second-longest after the men's long jump record by Bob Beamon. Her time remains the second fastest ever for the event.[1] The 800 metres world record has been broken ten times at the Olympics; the men's record was broken in 1912, 1932, 1968, 1976 and 2012; the women's record was bettered in 1928, 1960, 1964, 1976 and 1980.
Four men have won back-to-back 800 m Olympic titles: Douglas Lowe (1924/1928), Mal Whitfield (1948/1952), Peter Snell (1960/1964), and Rudisha (2012/2016). No women have won multiple titles in the event; Maria Mutola and Kelly Holmes are the only women's gold medalists to have reached the podium on two occasions. No athlete of either sex has won more than two medals. Historically, athletes in this event have also had success in the 1500 metres at the Olympics. Holmes was the last athlete to win both events at the same Olympics in 2004, but no male athlete has reached both middle-distance podiums since Sebastian Coe in 1984.
The United States is the most successful nation, having nine gold medals and 24 medals in total. The next most successful nations are Great Britain (eight gold and 12 medals overall) and Kenya (5 golds among its 13 medals). Two nations have achieved a sweep of the medals: the United States in the men's contest in 1904 and 1912, and the Soviet Union in the 1980 women's final.
Medal summary
Men
Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1= | Douglas Lowe |  Great Britain (GBR) |
1924–1928 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | Mal Whitfield |  United States (USA) |
1948–1952 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | Peter Snell |  New Zealand (NZL) |
1960–1964 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | David Rudisha | Kenya (KEN) |
2012-2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4= | Mel Sheppard | United States (USA) |
1908–1912 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4= | Joaquim Cruz |  Brazil (BRA) |
1984–1988 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6= | Arthur Wint |  Jamaica (JAM) |
1948–1952 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 6= | Sebastian Coe | Great Britain (GBR) |
1980–1984 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8= | Wilson Kiprugut | Kenya (KEN) |
1964–1968 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8= | Wilson Kipketer |  Denmark (DEN) |
2000–2004 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Phil Edwards |  Canada (CAN) |
1932–1936 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Medals by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) |
8 | 4 | 8 | 20 |
| 2 | Great Britain (GBR) |
6 | 3 | 0 | 9 |
| 3 | Kenya (KEN) |
4 | 2 | 5 | 11 |
| 4= |  Australia (AUS) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4= | New Zealand (NZL) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Brazil (BRA) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 7 |  Germany (GER) |
1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 8 |  Norway (NOR) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 9= |  Cuba (CUB) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9= | Russia (RUS) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Canada (CAN) |
0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 12 |  South Africa (RSA) |
0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 13= |  Italy (ITA) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 13= |  Belgium (BEL) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 13= | Jamaica (JAM) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 16= |  Algeria (ALG) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16= | Denmark (DEN) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16= |  Soviet Union (URS) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 19= |  Botswana (BOT) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19= |  Hungary (HUN) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19= |  Sudan (SUD) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19= |  Sweden (SWE) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19= |  Switzerland (SUI) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 24= |  British West Indies (BWI) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 24= |  France (FRA) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 24= |  Greece (GRE) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 24= |  Morocco (MAR) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Women
Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Caster Semenya | South Africa (RSA) |
2012–2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2= | Maria Mutola |  Mozambique (MOZ) |
1996–2000 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2= | Kelly Holmes | Great Britain (GBR) |
2000–2004 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4= | Kim Gallagher | United States (USA) |
1984–1988 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4= | Ana Fidelia Quirot | Cuba (CUB) |
1992–1996 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4= | Hasna Benhassi | Morocco (MAR) |
2004–2008 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) |
3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 2= | Great Britain (GBR) |
2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2= | Russia (RUS) |
2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 |  East Germany (GDR) |
1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 5= | United States (USA) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4= |  Romania (ROU) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 7 | Kenya (KEN) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 8= | Germany (GER)[nb] |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8= | Mozambique (MOZ) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8= |  Netherlands (NED) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 11 | West Germany (FRG) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 12= | Morocco (MAR) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 12= | Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 14= | Australia (AUS) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= |  Austria (AUT) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= |  Bulgaria (BUL) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= | France (FRA) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= |  Japan (JPN) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= | South Africa (RSA) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14= |  Unified Team (EUN) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 21= | New Zealand (NZL) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 21= |  Slovenia (SLO) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 21= | Sweden (SWE) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
- nb The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the Unified Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany.
Intercalated Games
The 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series, with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two-year intervals between the internationally held Olympics. However, this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series. Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the Olympic canon.[4]
At this event a men's 800 m was held and Paul Pilgrim, a 1904 Olympic gold medalist in the 4-mile team race, won the competition. The reigning 800 m and 1500 metres champion from the 1904 Olympics, James Lightbody, was the runner-up and Britain's Wyndham Halswelle, later the 1908 Olympic champion, was the bronze medalist.[5]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1906 Athens |
 Paul Pilgrim (USA)
|
James Lightbody (USA)
|
 Wyndham Halswelle (GBR)
|
Non-canonical Olympic events
In addition to the main 1900 Olympic men's 800 metres, a handicap competition with thirteen entrants was contested three days after the final. Christian Christensen of Denmark was the winner in a time of 1:52.0 minutes with a 70 m handicap. Howard Hayes and Harvey Lord, both of the United States, filled out the top three, with Hayes recording 1:53.5 mins (45 m handicap) and Lord finishing in 1:54.2 minutes (35 m handicap).[6][7]
A handicap 880-yard run (804.7 m) competition was held at 1904 Summer Olympics after the 1904 Olympic men's 800 m race. Johannes Runge of Germany won in 1:58.4 minutes with a 10-yard handicap. John Peck of Canada came second in 1:59.0 minutes with zero handicap and F. C. Roth, an American schoolboy, was third with a 15-yard headstart.[7][8]
These events are no longer considered part of the official Olympic history of the 800 metres or the athletics programme in general. Consequently, medals from these competitions have not been assigned to nations on the all-time medal tables.[7]
References
- Participation and athlete data
- Athletics Men's 800 metres Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Athletics Women's 800 metres Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Olympic record progressions
- Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
- Specific
- ^ 800 Metres - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
- ^ On 10 February 2017, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld a four-year ban that effectively stripped of the gold medal of Mariya Savinova of Russia, based upon her biological passport. Caster Semenya of South Africa was advanced to gold, Ekaterina Poistogova of Russia to silver, and Pamela Jelimo of Kenya to bronze. Poistogova herself was later found guilty of doping, but her Olympic results were unaffected, and the IOC decided to upgrade her medal.
- ^ BBC Sport
- ^ 1906 Athina Summer Games. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.
- ^ Athletics at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's 800 metres. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.
- ^ Athletics at the 1900 Paris Summer Games: Men's 800 metres, Handicap. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-06-28.
- ^ a b c Handicap Olympic Athletics Events. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-04-18.
- ^ Lucas, Charles. The Olympic Games 1904. bandbhac. Retrieved on 2014-07-01.
External links
- IAAF 800 metres homepage
- Official Olympics website
- Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News
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