Onapristone

Onapristone
Clinical data
Other names	ZK-89299; ZK-299; AR-18; IVV-1001; 11β-(4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)-17α-hydroxy-17β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-13α-estra-4,9-dien-3-one
Drug class	Antiprogestogen
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (8S,11R,13R,14S,17S)-11-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(3-hydroxypropyl)-13-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one;
CAS Number	96346-61-1;
PubChem CID	5311505;
ChemSpider	4470982;
UNII	H6H7G23O3N;
KEGG	D09571;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1908373;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90242210 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.233.493
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C29H39NO3
Molar mass	449.635 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C[C@@]12C[C@@H](C3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CCCO)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)N(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C29H39NO3/c1-28-18-25(19-5-8-21(9-6-19)30(2)3)27-23-12-10-22(32)17-20(23)7-11-24(27)26(28)13-15-29(28,33)14-4-16-31/h5-6,8-9,17,24-26,31,33H,4,7,10-16,18H2,1-3H3/t24-,25+,26-,28+,29+/m0/s1; Key:IEXUMDBQLIVNHZ-YOUGDJEHSA-N;

Onapristone (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name) (developmental code names ZK-89299, ZK-299) is a synthetic and steroidal antiprogestogen with additional antiglucocorticoid activity which was developed by Schering^[1] and described in 1984 but was never marketed.^[2]^[3] It is a silent antagonist of the progesterone receptor (PR), in contrast to the related antiprogestogen mifepristone (which is a weak partial agonist of the receptor).^[4] Moreover, compared to mifepristone, onapristone has reduced antiglucocorticoid activity, shows little antiandrogenic activity, and has 10- to 30-fold greater potency as an antiprogestogen.^[4] The medication was under development for clinical use, for instance in the treatment of breast cancer and as an endometrial contraceptive, but was discontinued during phase III clinical trials in 1995 due to findings that liver function abnormalities developed in a majority patients.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Onapristone has been found to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer.^[8]^[5]^[9]

As of 2016, onapristone has re-emerged and is under development for the treatment of prostate cancer, currently in phase II clinical trials.^[10] It was also under development for the treatment of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer, but was discontinued for these indications in favor of focusing on prostate cancer.^[10]

References

^ Onapristone, p. 102, at Google Books in Lange, Carol A.; Sartorius, Carol A.; Abdel-Hafiz, Hany; Spillman, Monique A.; Horwitz, Kathryn B.; Jacobsen, Britta M. (2008). "Progesterone Receptor Action". Innovative Endocrinology of Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 630. pp. 94–111. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78818-0_7. ISBN 978-0-387-78817-3.
^ Onapristone, p. 903, at Google Books in Elks, J.; Ganellin, C. R. (1990). "O". Dictionary of Drugs. pp. 892–927. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2085-3_15. ISBN 978-1-4757-2087-7.
^ Onapristone, p. 207, at Google Books in Morton, Ian K. M.; Hall, Judith M. (1999). "O". Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. pp. 206–213. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4439-1_14. ISBN 978-94-010-5907-7.
^ ^a ^b Onapristone, p. 134, at Google Books in Pavlik, Edward J.; Nelson, Katherine; Srinivasan, Suseela; Depriest, Paul D.; Kenady, Daniel E. (1997). "Antiestrogen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer". Estrogens, Progestins, and Their Antagonists. pp. 115–160. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4096-9_5. ISBN 978-1-4612-8650-9.
^ ^a ^b Robertson JF, Willsher PC, Winterbottom L, Blamey RW, Thorpe S (February 1999). "Onapristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, as first-line therapy in primary breast cancer". Eur. J. Cancer. 35 (2): 214–8. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00388-8. PMID 10448262.
^ Katkam RR, Gopalkrishnan K, Chwalisz K, Schillinger E, Puri CP (1995). "Onapristone (ZK 98.299): a potential antiprogestin for endometrial contraception". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173 (3 Pt 1): 779–87. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)90341-0. PMID 7573244.
^ Onapristone, p. 338, at Google Books in Howell, Sacha J.; Howell, Anthony (2010). "Endocrine Therapy". Management of Breast Diseases. pp. 329–352. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69743-5_18. ISBN 978-3-540-69742-8.
^ Klijn JG, Setyono-Han B, Foekens JA (2000). "Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators in the treatment of breast cancer". Steroids. 65 (10–11): 825–30. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(00)00195-1. PMID 11108894. S2CID 25524094.
^ Cottu PH, Bonneterre J, Varga A, Campone M, Leary A, Floquet A, Berton-Rigaud D, Sablin MP, Lesoin A, Rezai K, Lokiec FM, Lhomme C, Bosq J, Bexon AS, Gilles EM, Proniuk S, Dieras V, Jackson DM, Zukiwski A, Italiano A (2018). "Phase I study of onapristone, a type I antiprogestin, in female patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic progesterone receptor-expressing cancers". PLOS ONE. 13 (10): e0204973. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1304973C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204973. PMC 6179222. PMID 30304013.
^ ^a ^b "Onapristone - Context Therapeutics". Adis Insight.

[BersteinSanten2009-1] Onapristone, p. 102, at Google Books in Lange, Carol A.; Sartorius, Carol A.; Abdel-Hafiz, Hany; Spillman, Monique A.; Horwitz, Kathryn B.; Jacobsen, Britta M. (2008). "Progesterone Receptor Action". Innovative Endocrinology of Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 630. pp. 94–111. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78818-0_7. ISBN 978-0-387-78817-3.

[Elks2014-2] Onapristone, p. 903, at Google Books in Elks, J.; Ganellin, C. R. (1990). "O". Dictionary of Drugs. pp. 892–927. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2085-3_15. ISBN 978-1-4757-2087-7.

[MortonHall1999-3] Onapristone, p. 207, at Google Books in Morton, Ian K. M.; Hall, Judith M. (1999). "O". Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. pp. 206–213. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4439-1_14. ISBN 978-94-010-5907-7.

[Pavlik2012-4] Onapristone, p. 134, at Google Books in Pavlik, Edward J.; Nelson, Katherine; Srinivasan, Suseela; Depriest, Paul D.; Kenady, Daniel E. (1997). "Antiestrogen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer". Estrogens, Progestins, and Their Antagonists. pp. 115–160. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4096-9_5. ISBN 978-1-4612-8650-9.

[pmid10448262-5] Robertson JF, Willsher PC, Winterbottom L, Blamey RW, Thorpe S (February 1999). "Onapristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, as first-line therapy in primary breast cancer". Eur. J. Cancer. 35 (2): 214–8. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00388-8. PMID 10448262.

[pmid7573244-6] Katkam RR, Gopalkrishnan K, Chwalisz K, Schillinger E, Puri CP (1995). "Onapristone (ZK 98.299): a potential antiprogestin for endometrial contraception". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173 (3 Pt 1): 779–87. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)90341-0. PMID 7573244.

[JatoiKaufmann2010-7] Onapristone, p. 338, at Google Books in Howell, Sacha J.; Howell, Anthony (2010). "Endocrine Therapy". Management of Breast Diseases. pp. 329–352. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69743-5_18. ISBN 978-3-540-69742-8.

[pmid11108894-8] Klijn JG, Setyono-Han B, Foekens JA (2000). "Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators in the treatment of breast cancer". Steroids. 65 (10–11): 825–30. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(00)00195-1. PMID 11108894. S2CID 25524094.

[pmid30304013-9] Cottu PH, Bonneterre J, Varga A, Campone M, Leary A, Floquet A, Berton-Rigaud D, Sablin MP, Lesoin A, Rezai K, Lokiec FM, Lhomme C, Bosq J, Bexon AS, Gilles EM, Proniuk S, Dieras V, Jackson DM, Zukiwski A, Italiano A (2018). "Phase I study of onapristone, a type I antiprogestin, in female patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic progesterone receptor-expressing cancers". PLOS ONE. 13 (10): e0204973. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1304973C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204973. PMC 6179222. PMID 30304013.

[AdisInsight-10] "Onapristone - Context Therapeutics". Adis Insight.

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See also

References