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List of IUCN Red List Vulnerable plants

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45 extinct in the wild plant species (0.1%)5702 critically endangered plant species (8.6%)10901 endangered plant species (16.4%)9673 vulnerable plant species (14.5%)4160 near threatened plant species (6.3%)30554 least concern plant species (45.9%)5371 data deficient plant species (8.1%)
Plant species (IUCN, 2023-1)
  • 66,406 extant species have been evaluated
  • 61,035 of those are fully assessed[a]
  • 34,588 are not threatened at present[b]
  • 26,276 are threatened[c]
  • 174 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 129 extinct (EX) species[d]
    • 45 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 569 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 48 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
  1. ^ excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. ^ NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. ^ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU.
  4. ^ Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Vulnerable (VU) species are considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 5430 vulnerable plant species.[1] 25% of all evaluated plant species are listed as vulnerable. The IUCN also lists 244 subspecies and 235 varieties as vulnerable. No subpopulations of plants have been evaluated by the IUCN.

For a species to be assessed as vulnerable to extinction the best available evidence must meet quantitative criteria set by the IUCN designed to reflect "a high risk of extinction in the wild". Endangered and critically endangered species also meet the quantitative criteria of vulnerable species, and are listed separately. See: List of endangered plants, List of critically endangered plants. Vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered species are collectively referred to as threatened species by the IUCN.

Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[2] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[3]

This is a complete list of vulnerable plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN.

Algae

Bryophytes

There are 24 bryophyte species assessed as vulnerable.

Mosses

Liverworts

Pteridophytes

There are 83 species and one subspecies of pteridophyte assessed as vulnerable.

Leptosporangiate ferns

There are 69 species in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as vulnerable.

Polypodiales

There are 61 species in the order Polypodiales assessed as vulnerable.

Dryopteridaceae
Polypodiaceae
Athyriaceae
Thelypteridaceae
Other Polypodiales species

Hymenophyllales

Cyatheales

Salviniales

Isoetopsida

Lycopodiopsida

Clubmosses and firmosses

Species

Subspecies

Gymnosperms

There are 156 species, seven subspecies, and 34 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as vulnerable.

Cycads

Species

Subspecies

Conifers

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Gnetopsida

Dicotyledons

There are 4545 species, 230 subspecies, and 197 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as vulnerable.

Piperales

There are 24 species in the order Piperales assessed as vulnerable.

Piperaceae

Chloranthaceae

Campanulales

There are 51 species and two subspecies in Campanulales assessed as vulnerable.

Campanulaceae

Species

Subspecies

Goodeniaceae

Aristolochiales

Theales

There are 197 species, three subspecies, and nine varieties in Theales assessed as vulnerable.

Dipterocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

Ochnaceae

Species

Varieties

Theaceae

Species

Varieties

Actinidiaceae

Guttiferae

Species

Varieties

Other Theales species

Linales

Malvales

There are 114 species, 13 subspecies, and one variety in the order Malvales assessed as vulnerable.

Malvaceae

Species

Subspecies

Sterculiaceae

Bombacaceae

Sarcolaenaceae

Tiliaceae

Elaeocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Geraniales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Lecythidales

Species

Subspecies

Polygalales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Santalales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Proteales

There are 26 species and one subspecies in the order Proteales assessed as vulnerable.

Proteaceae

Species

Subspecies

Elaeagnaceae

Dipsacales

Plumbaginales

Rubiales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Violales

There are 86 species, one subspecies, and three varieties in Violales assessed as vulnerable.

Flacourtiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Violaceae

Species

Varieties

Loasaceae

Passifloraceae

Other Violales species

Euphorbiales

There are 236 species, five subspecies, and 33 varieties in Euphorbiales assessed as vulnerable.

Peraceae

Buxaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Laurales

There are 136 species and three varieties in the order Laurales assessed as vulnerable.

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Lauraceae

Species

Varieties

Cucurbitales

There are 49 species in the order Cucurbitales assessed as vulnerable.

Begoniaceae

Cucurbitaceae

Anisophylleaceae

Ebenales

There are 226 species, eight subspecies, and five varieties in Ebenales assessed as vulnerable.

Symplocaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Sapotaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Ebenaceae

Styracaceae

Celastrales

There are 102 species, three subspecies, and ten varieties in the order Celastrales assessed as vulnerable.

Icacinaceae

Hollies

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Celastraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Dichapetalaceae

Myrtales

There are 357 species, 13 subspecies, and 11 varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as vulnerable.

Myrtaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Melastomataceae

Species

Subspecies

Combretaceae

Species

Subspecies

Thymelaeaceae

Lythraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Onagraceae

Other Myrtales species

Sapindales

There are 345 species, ten subspecies, and 14 varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as vulnerable.

Rutaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Melianthaceae

Aceraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Sapindaceae

Species

Varieties

Staphyleaceae

Anacardiaceae

Species

Varieties

Meliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Simaroubaceae

Burseraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Hippocastanaceae

Asterales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Magnoliales

There are 270 species, 55 subspecies, and 28 varieties in the order Magnoliales assessed as vulnerable.

Canellaceae

Species

Subspecies

Winteraceae

Magnoliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Annonaceae

Species

Subspecies

Myristicaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Degeneriaceae

Capparales

There are 41 species and five subspecies in Capparales assessed as vulnerable.

Capparaceae

Moringaceae

Cruciferae

Species

Subspecies

Resedaceae

Subspecies

Apiales

There are 108 species in the order Apiales assessed as vulnerable.

Araliaceae

Umbelliferae

Gentianales

There are 108 species and one variety in the order Gentianales assessed as vulnerable.

Apocynaceae

Loganiaceae

Species

Varieties

Asclepiadaceae

Gentianaceae

Rosales

There are 118 species, 13 subspecies, and nine varieties in the order Rosales assessed as vulnerable.

Chrysobalanaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Connaraceae

Species

Varieties

Brunelliaceae

Pittosporaceae

Species

Subspecies

Cunoniaceae

Species

Varieties

Rosaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Saxifragaceae

Crassulaceae

Other Rosales

Species

Subspecies

Primulales

There are 50 species and one variety in Primulales assessed as vulnerable.

Myrsinaceae

Theophrastaceae

Species

Varieties

Primulaceae

Rhamnales

Species

Subspecies

Urticales

There are 46 species, five subspecies, and three varieties in Urticales assessed as vulnerable.

Urticaceae

Species

Varieties

Ulmaceae

Cecropiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Moraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Cornales

Species

Varieties

Solanales

There are 33 species and two subspecies in the order Solanales assessed as vulnerable.

Solanaceae

Species

Subspecies

Convolvulaceae

Menyanthaceae

Scrophulariales

There are 220 species, 14 subspecies, and two varieties in the order Scrophulariales assessed as vulnerable.

Globulariaceae

Oleaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Buddlejaceae

Gesneriaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Bignoniaceae

Acanthaceae

Species

Subspecies

Scrophulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae

Lamiales

There are 111 species, two subspecies, and four varieties in the order Lamiales assessed as vulnerable.

Verbenaceae

Species

Varieties

Labiatae

Species

Subspecies

Boraginaceae

Species

Varieties

Avicenniaceae

Juglandales

Nepenthales

There are 41 species in Nepenthales assessed as vulnerable.

Nepenthaceae

Droseraceae

Sarraceniaceae

Hamamelidales

Species

Varieties

Dilleniales

Ranunculales

There are 36 species, one subspecies, and one variety in the order Ranunculales assessed as vulnerable.

Meliosmaceae

Berberidaceae

Menispermaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Ranunculaceae

Ericales

There are 17 species and one variety in the order Ericales assessed as vulnerable.

Clethraceae

Ericaceae

Species

Varieties

Polygonales

Species

Varieties

Podostemales

Fabales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Rhizophorales

Caryophyllales

There are 190 species, 12 subspecies, and one variety in the order Caryophyllales assessed as vulnerable.

Caryophyllaceae

Species

Subspecies

Amaranthaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Nyctaginaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Portulacaceae

Illecebraceae

Cactus species

Aizoaceae

Fagales

There are 45 species and one subspecies in the order Fagales assessed as vulnerable.

Nothofagaceae

Ticodendraceae

Fagaceae

Species

Subspecies

Betulaceae

Salicales

Species

Subspecies

Other dicotyledon species

Monocotyledons

There are 619 species, six subspecies, and four varieties of monocotyledon assessed as vulnerable.

Triuridales

Arecales

Species

Varieties

Orchidales

There are 114 species and three subspecies in Orchidales assessed as vulnerable.

Orchidaceae

Species

Subspecies

Burmanniaceae

Cyclanthales

Pandanales

Bromeliales

Liliales

Species

Subspecies

Arales

Araceae

Zingiberales

There are 42 species in the order Zingiberales assessed as vulnerable.

Marantaceae

Heliconiaceae

Costaceae

Zingiberaceae

Eriocaulales

Commelinales

Cyperales

There are 78 species and two varieties in Cyperales assessed as vulnerable.

Gramineae

Cyperaceae

Species

Varieties

Alismatales

Najadales

Juncales

Hydrocharitales

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Listed by IUCN as Kopsia singaporensis.
  2. ^ Listed by IUCN as Myrsine pearce.

References

  1. ^ "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  3. ^ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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