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Not to be confused with agencies called Metrolink.

Metrolinx
Crown agency overview
Formed2006
Jurisdiction
HeadquartersUnion Station
97 Front Street West
Toronto, Ontario
M5J 1E6
Crown agency executive
Child agencies
Key document
Websitewww.metrolinx.com

Metrolinx is a Crown agency that manages and integrates road and public transport in the Canadian province of Ontario, specifically in the Golden Horseshoe region (which includes the cities of Toronto and Hamilton) and Ottawa. Headquartered at Union Station in Toronto, the agency was created by the Government of Ontario as the Greater Toronto Transportation Authority on April 24, 2006. The agency adopted its present name as a brand name in 2007 and eventually as the legal name in 2009.

The agency is responsible for the implementation and management of the Presto card, the electronic fare system used in all public transport systems in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, as well as on the OC Transpo in Ottawa. In 2009, Metrolinx took over GO Transit, the regional commuter rail and coach service network of the region. Metrolinx owns and operates the Union Pearson Express, the airport rail link connecting Toronto Pearson International Airport to Union Station. It is currently funding the construction of Line 5 Eglinton in Toronto.

History

Former Metrolinx logo on a GO Transit bus

The Greater Toronto Transportation Authority (GTTA) was created by legislation and introduced in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on April 24, 2006. The bill was passed and received royal assent on June 22, 2006. In April 2007, a transition team seconded from the Ontario Public Service began work at the GTTA's headquarters at 20 Bay Street in Toronto.

In July 2007, the GTTA identified the following first round of 'quick win' projects as candidates for early implementation:

  • GO Transit rail fleet expansion
    • $60.0 million for 20 new bi-level passenger coaches
    • $20.0 million for track capacity expansion
  • GO Transit bus fleet expansion
    • $9.0 million for 10 new double-decker coaches
  • Hamilton/Upper James Rapid Transit Corridor
  • Triplinx, integrated web-based trip planning tool for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area
  • Carbon Footprint Calculator
  • Bicycle promotion initiatives
    • $2.1 million-$3.2 million for safe/secure bike storage
    • $1.0 million-$1.8 million to expand bike/bus rack program

On December 4, 2007, the GTTA adopted the name 'Metrolinx' for public use. At the same time, it launched a new web site, and released the first of its series of green papers on transportation issues, part of the process of creating the Regional Transportation Plan.

In June 2008, Metrolinx began using a new logo in printed and electronic communications.

On December 17, 2008, Metrolinx announced that, together with twelve municipalities, it had made a collective bus purchase for 160 buses.[1]

On March 30, 2009, the Ontario government introduced legislation to merge GO Transit and Metrolinx into a single entity, with "Metrolinx" as its legal name.[2] The legislation received royal assent on May 14, 2009, taking immediate effect. This resulted in the replacement of the previous board structure with a new one in which 15 private-sector appointees are made by the province. The legislation makes other changes to Metrolinx's powers and abilities.

GO's trackage used to be owned entirely by Canada's two major commercial railways: the large majority by the Canadian National Railway (CNR) and the remainder by Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). Before Metrolinx's creation, GO Transit had only acquired partial ownership of the Lakeshore East, Barrie, Stouffville and Milton lines. However, ever since its inception Metrolinx has been expanding its ownership of the rail corridors on which GO Transit operates by acquiring nonessential rail lines from both CN and CP.

On April 8, 2009, Metrolinx announced that it had acquired the Weston Subdivision, part of the Kitchener line, then known as the Georgetown line, for $160 million from CN.[3][4]

On June 27, 2009, Metrolinx division GO Transit introduced summer weekend GO train service between Toronto and Niagara Falls.[5]

On December 15, 2009, Metrolinx announced that it had acquired the lower portion of the Newmarket subdivision for $68 million from CN, giving it full ownership of the Barrie line.[6]

On March 31, 2010, Metrolinx announced that it had acquired a key piece of track from CN for $168 million.[7] This purchase was for a portion of the Oakville subdivision from Union station to 30th Street in Etobicoke just west of GO's Willowbrook yard.

On July 30, 2010, Metrolinx announced its plan to build, own and operate the air rail link between Union Station and Toronto's Pearson International Airport.[8]

On January 24, 2011, Metrolinx and the Regional Municipality of York awarded contracts for early construction on work on the York Viva Bus Rapid Transit way.[9]

On March 30, 2011, Metrolinx announced that it had acquired the portion of the Kingston line on which that GO trains operate from CN for $299 million, giving them full ownership of the Lakeshore East line.[10]

On June 16, 2011, Metrolinx announced that, together with 12 municipalities, it purchased 287 new transit buses.[11]

On August 24, 2011, Metrolinx division GO Transit announced that the Presto Card is available across its entire GTHA network.[12]

On December 19, 2011, GO Transit expanded its weekday GO train service to include stations in Kitchener-Waterloo and Guelph.[13]

On January 29, 2012, Metrolinx division GO Transit opened the new Allandale Waterfront GO Station in Barrie.

On March 27, 2012, Metrolinx announced that it had acquired key portions of multiple subdivisions from CN for $310.5 million. This purchase included the southern portions of the Bala subdivision up to CN's main east-west freight line the York subdivision, part of the Richmond Hill line and a large portion of the Oakville subdivision from 30th Street in Etobicoke to a point just west of Fourth line in Oakville.[14]

On May 10, 2012, GO Transit announced summer weekend and GO train service between Toronto and Barrie.[15]

On November 15, 2012, GO Transit launched the GO Train Service Guarantee, a fare credit policy for train delays.[16]

On November 29, 2012, Metrolinx announced the Next Wave of Big Move projects.[17]

On January 5, 2012, GO Transit began serving the new Acton GO Station.

On March 22, 2013, Metrolinx completed an additional purchase of the Oakville subdivision from CN for $52.5 million. This purchase was for the portion from Fourth Line in Oakville to a point just east of where CN's freight main line joins the Oakville Subdivision in Burlington.[18]

On April 13, 2013, it was announced that Metrolinx division Presto would make its smart farecard available across the entire OC Transpo network in Ottawa.[19]

On May 27, 2013, Metrolinx announced its Investment Strategy, a series of recommendations for sustaining transit growth in the region.[20]

As of June 2013, Metrolinx had ownership of 68% of the corridors on which it operates, up from 6% in 1998.[21] It has complete ownership of the Barrie, Stouffville and Lakeshore East lines and majority ownership of the Lakeshore West line (to a point just West of Burlington GO station) and Richmond Hill line (to Doncaster Junction, a point in between Old Cummer and Langstaff GO stations). Metrolinx owns comparatively small portions of the Kitchener and Milton lines, a situation that is unlikely to change as the lines are heavily used by freight traffic.

On June 5, 2013, Metrolinx crews began tunnelling the western underground portion of the Eglinton Crosstown light rail transit line.[22]

On June 28, 2013, GO Transit introduced its biggest expansion in 46 years with 30-minute service on the Lakeshore lines.[23]

On November 29, 2013, Metrolinx opened the Strachan Avenue underpass, allowing GO trains to operate below Strachan Ave. without disrupting road traffic.[24]

On November 29, 2013, Metrolinx and the City of Mississauga announced the start of construction for the west segment of the Mississauga Transitway, scheduled for completion in 2016.[25]

On February 28, 2014, Metrolinx revealed plans to increase train service to Hamilton and build the new West Harbour GO Station.

On March 31, 2014, Metrolinx division Presto announced that one million transit riders were using the electronic fare card across the GTHA and Ottawa.[26]

On July 17, 2014, it was reported that Metrolinx had purchased stations at Georgetown, Brampton and Oshawa.[27][28]

On September 24, 2014, Metrolinx announced the purchase of the segment of the Kitchener line between Kitchener and Georgetown.[29]

On September 30, 2014, Metrolinx announced a partnership with Ivanhoé Cambridge to redevelop a new GO Bus Terminal that serves as a major transit, commercial and community hub.[30]

On February 2, 2015, 36 GO stations and terminals began offering free WiFi to customers, providing coverage to approximately 80 per cent of customers.[31]

On February 12, 2015, Metrolinx announced a major expansion of Stouffville GO Line, adding additional tracks and improving the corridor to increase train.[32]

On March 10, 2015, Metrolinx announced a major expansion of Barrie GO line, adding additional tracks and improving the corridor to increase train capacity.[33]

On April 24, 2015, the new York GO Concourse was opened, a major part of the ongoing revitalization of Union Station, adding 50 per cent more capacity than the Bay Concourse.[34]

On June 6, 2015, the new Union-Pearson Express was launched, linking Toronto's Pearson International Airport with Union Station via a 25-minute two-stop express train.[35]

On July 9, 2015, the new West Harbour GO Station was opened in Hamilton, in time for the Toronto 2015 Pan Am Games.[36]

In January 2018, Metrolinx claimed that their computer systems were hacked by North Korea, but did not provide any further details.[37]

Responsibilities

The Metrolinx Act of 2006, formerly known as the Greater Toronto Transportation Authority Act of 2006, describes two of Metrolinx's primary responsibilities as being:[38]

  • to provide leadership in the co-ordination, planning, financing and development of an integrated, multi-modal transportation network that conforms with transportation policies of growth plans prepared and approved under the Places to Grow Act, 2005 applicable in the regional transportation area and complies with other provincial transportation policies and plans applicable in the regional transportation area, and
  • to act as the central procurement agency for the procurement of local transit system vehicles, equipment, technologies and facilities and related supplies and services on behalf of Ontario municipalities.

The Big Move regional transportation plan

The Big Move: Transforming Transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area was one of Metrolinx's first deliverables. It is a Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) including a rolling five-year capital plan and Investment Strategy for the GTHA. The plan builds on 52 GO train, subway, light rail and bus rapid transit projects proposed by the Government of Ontario in its MoveOntario 2020 plan announced on June 15, 2007, and includes new projects to support them.

A draft version of the Big Move was provided to Metrolinx on September 26, 2008, and a final version was approved on November 27, 2008.[39]

Progress

Planning and construction is underway for some projects supporting the Regional Transportation Plan.

The three levels of government have provided $16 billion toward the first wave of projects, which are already underway. The next wave of projects were still in the planning phase at the time of the Big Move's release, and still subject to funding. Some of these projects have since attained approved funding, while others have not.

First wave of projects – funded and underway

Next wave of projects (may not be all finalized)

  • Two-way electrified GO service on all seven corridors, including 15-minute peak service in core areas
  • Ontario Line
  • Yonge North Subway Extension
  • Brampton Queen St Rapid Transit
  • Dundas St Bus Rapid Transit
  • Durham–Scarborough Bus Rapid Transit
  • Hurontario LRT
  • Steeles West LRT

Funding investment strategy

The Metrolinx Investment Strategy, released in May 2013, proposes a series of 24 recommendations as part of a four-part plan to integrate transportation, growth and land use planning in the GTHA, maximize the value of public infrastructure investment, optimize system and network efficiencies, and dedicate new revenue sources for transit and transportation.

Within the Investment Strategy, Metrolinx made twenty-four recommendations, including investment tools and policy recommendations.

Revenue tools:

  • One per cent on the HST
  • Twenty-five cents/day on commercial parking spaces depending on assessed property value
  • Five cents/litre fuel tax
  • Fifteen per cent increase on development charges

Policy recommendations:

  • Thirty cents/kilometre high-occupancy toll lanes
  • Two – four dollars/day for parking at GO stations
  • Land-value capture along transit lines[40]

Metrolinx also advised that funds raised by all the new taxes would be put in a dedicated transportation trust fund, one that would be administered by a board separate from Metrolinx.[41]

The Investment Strategy was given to the government for consideration in 2013.

Operating divisions

GO Transit

GO Transit offers train and bus service across the GTHA.
Main article: GO Transit

GO Transit is the inter-regional public transit system serving the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and the Greater Golden Horseshoe. GO carries over 65 million passengers a year using an extensive network of train and bus services; rail service is provided by diesel locomotives pulling trains of unpowered double-deck passenger cars, while most bus service is provided by inter-city coaches.

Canada's first such public system, GO Transit began regular passenger service on May 23, 1967, under the auspices of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Over time it has been constituted in a variety of public-sector configurations, but it became an operating division of Metrolinx in 2009.

New and improved GO service is a top transit priority listed in the regional transportation plan. Since 2009, GO Transit has introduced seasonal train service to Barrie and Niagara Falls,[42][43] extended service to Kitchener and Lake Simcoe,[44][45] opened four new stations at Acton, Guelph Central, Allandale Waterfront, and Hamilton West Harbour.[46][45] Since June 2013, GO Trains along the Lakeshore rail lines run every 30 minutes, making the biggest expansion in GO Transit history.[23]

Union Pearson Express

A Metrolinx Union Pearson Express train at Toronto Union Station
Main article: Union Pearson Express

The Union Pearson Express (UP Express) airport rail link service began operation on June 6, 2015, linking Union Station in downtown Toronto with Pearson International Airport in the City of Mississauga, roughly 23.3 km (14.5 mi) away. The trains run every fifteen minutes, seven days a week, and are predicted to eliminate 1.5 million car trips annually. The duration of this trip is approximately 25 minutes.

The line uses a Metrolinx-owned railway rail corridor now used by GO Transit, as part of the Georgetown South Project to allow for additional train traffic. The UP Express shares the same path as trains on the Kitchener line, before splitting off onto a separate subdivision just west of the Etobicoke North Station. It stops at the existing Bloor and Weston GO Stations.

Presto

The Presto card allows seamless fare payment between different public transit agencies.
Main article: Presto card

The Presto card, originally known as the GTA Farecard, is a smartcard-based fare payment system for public transit systems in Ontario, including those in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and Ottawa. The Presto system is designed to support the use of one common farecard for fare payment on various public transit systems, through electronic readers that calculate the correct fare and deduct it from a preloaded balance.

Presto will also centralize its operational logistics, such as farecard procurement, reporting services, and a customer call centre. The system was trialled from June 25, 2007 to September 30, 2008. Full implementation began in November 2009. It will be rolled out across the province in stages. Presto now serves over a million customers in the GTHA and Ottawa.

By January 2017, Presto had been fully implemented on the following 11 transit systems:

  • Brampton Transit
  • Burlington Transit
  • Durham Region Transit
  • GO Transit
  • Hamilton Street Railway
  • MiWay
  • Oakville Transit
  • OC Transpo
  • Toronto Transit Commission
  • UP Express
  • York Region Transit

Other programs

Smart Commute is a program that, with the support of local municipalities, endeavors to fight climate change by reducing traffic congestion and increasing transit efficiency. Employers and employees in the GTHA can explore and have assistance with different commuting options, such as carpooling, transit, cycling, walking, telework and flexible work hours. The program is delivered through local transportation management associations.[47]

Originally conducted under the Ontario Ministry of Transportation in 2006, the Transit Procurement Initiative involves Metrolinx assisting municipal transit operators with the procurement of vehicles, equipment, technologies, facilities and related supplies. The goal of the program is to reduce per unit cost, increase unit quality, and provide an open and transparent procurement process for municipal transit operators. To date, the program has supported 21 municipalities and transit agencies, has purchased over 400 buses, and has saved an estimated $5 million.[48]

Metrolinx also seeks partnerships with individuals and the community, and offers financial support for proposed projects that support transit.[49]

Smart Commute includes various programs for commuters, including carpool ride-matching, walking and cycling, and teleworking programs.

In July 2015, a $4.9 million plan was announced to double the size of Bike Share Toronto by 2016.[50] The bicycles and docking stations will be owned by Metrolinx, while the system will continue to be operated by the Toronto Parking Authority.[51]

Criticism

Metrolinx has been criticized for not having enough executive power in planning transit outside of municipal politics, despite being established to take political delay out of transportation planning.[52] After Rob Ford was elected Mayor of Toronto in December 2010, he declared Transit City, the provincially funded transit expansion plan of light rail lines, dead. These lines were a large component of Metrolinx's 2008 Big Move.[53] Metrolinx was again criticized when, in January 2012, its CEO declared that it would bend to what Toronto City Council wanted regarding how the Eglinton-Scarborough Crosstown LRT line should be built. The issue centred on whether the more suburban stretches of the line, from Laird Dr. to Kennedy Station, should be built at street level instead of a more costly underground alignment.[54] Metrolinx was criticized after a Toronto Star investigation found that the agency has approved two transit stations, Kirby and Lawrence East, for the GO Regional Express Rail expansion due to political pressure from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. Kirby is in the Vaughan riding of Liberal MPP and Transportation Minister Steven Del Duca, and Lawrence East in Scarborough is part of Toronto Mayor John Tory's "SmartTrack" plan, his signature campaign promise. Both stations were not recommended to be constructed in the near term by an external consultant, AECOM, hired by Metrolinx. However, they were both shortlisted to begin construction.[55][56] Ontario's auditor general found that Metrolinx incurred about $436 million "in sunk and additional" – unrecoverable – costs between 2009 and 2018 due to numerous changes in transit plans.[57]

In Ottawa, where Metrolinx is only involved in fare collection, Mayor Jim Watson has criticized Metrolinx for wanting to increase the fee it collects from 2% to 10%, and characterized it as a monopoly.[58][59]

Governance

Metrolinx used to be governed by a board consisting of various appointees from the Ontario government and the regions within the GTHA. After the passage of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area Transit Implementation Act, 2009 merging Metrolinx and GO Transit, the Metrolinx board structure was changed, with politicians specifically prohibited from serving.

Metrolinx is spearheaded by an executive group (April 2020):[60][61]

  • Phil Verster – President and CEO
  • Matt Clark – Chief capital officer
  • Ian Smith – Chief operating officer
  • Annalise Czerny – Executive vice president, Presto
  • Heather Platt – Executive vice president, general counsel, and corporate secretary
  • Jennifer Gray – Chief financial officer
  • Helen Ferreira-Walker – Chief human resources officer
  • Mark Childs – Chief marketing officer
  • Jamie Robinson – Chief communications and public affairs officer (acting)
  • Leslie Woo – Chief planning and development officer

The board of directors is composed of the president/CEO and various stakeholders (January 2018):[62]

  • J. Robert S. Prichard – chair – chairman of Torys Law Firm, Officer of the Order of Canada (stepped down July 2018 and was replaced on an interim basis by vice chair Davies[63])
  • Upkar Arora
  • Katherine Bardswick
  • Rahul Bhardwaj
  • Bryan Davies – vice chair
  • Janet Ecker
  • Bill Fisch
  • Anne Golden – distinguished visiting scholar and special advisor, Ryerson University
  • Marianne McKenna
  • Rose Patten
  • Bonnie Patterson
  • Howard Shearer
  • Sharleen Stewart
  • Carl Zehr

Former staff

See also

References

  1. ^ "Metrolinx – Metrolinx announces Big Purchase of Buses". Newswire.ca. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
  2. ^ Bill 163, Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area Transit Implementation Act, 2009 Archived June 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Legislative Assembly of Ontario website, accessed April 1, 2009
  3. ^ "GO Transit – GO Transit acquires important CN rail line for expanded commuter rail service in the Greater Toronto Area". Newswire.ca.
  4. ^ "GO Transit acquires important CN rail line for expanded commuter rail service in the Greater Toronto Area". Toronto.on.ca.
  5. ^ "Newsroom : First GO Train Arrives In Niagara Falls". News.ontario.ca.
  6. ^ "Metrolinx buys Toronto-Barrie CN rail line". CBC News.
  7. ^ [1]
  8. ^ "Metrolinx to operate Union – Pearson rail link". Toronto.on.ca.
  9. ^ "Metrolinx and York Region award two contracts
    for building Viva bus rapid transit projects – Transit Toronto – Weblog"    . Toronto.on.ca.
  10. ^ [2]
  11. ^ "Welcome to New Flyer!". Newflyer.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
  12. ^ "Newsroom : PRESTO Makes Commuting Easier For Families On the GO". News.ontario.ca.
  13. ^ "Next stop, Guelph! GO Train service starts Dec. 19". Guelphmercury.com.
  14. ^ "CN – CN sells Greater Toronto Area rail lines to Metrolinx for GO Transit services". Newswire.ca.
  15. ^ "GO Transit – Weekend GO Train service pilot for Barrie corridor this summer". Newswire.ca.
  16. ^ Kalinowski, Tess (November 14, 2012). "GO train: 15 minutes late and it's free". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  17. ^ "Metrolinx Unveils Next Wave of Big Move Projects". Urbantoronto.ca.
  18. ^ "CN – CN sells Oakville-Burlington, Ont., line segment to Metrolinx for GO Transit commuter rail service". Newswire.ca.
  19. ^ "Green light on full Presto rollout: Report". Ottawa Sun.
  20. ^ "Metrolinx – Media Advisory – Final Metrolinx Investment Strategy to Be Released". Newswire.ca.
  21. ^ "GO Transit President's Board Update" (PDF). Metrolinx.com. June 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  22. ^ Kalinowski, Tess (June 5, 2013). "Eglinton Crosstown crews launch giant tunneling machine". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  23. ^ a b Kalinowski, Tess (April 19, 2013). "GO trains to run every 30 minutes all day on Lakeshore lines". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  24. ^ "Metrolinx Opens New Strachan Avenue Underpass". Urbantoronto.ca.
  25. ^ "Construction starts on west segment of the Mississauga Transitway". November 29, 2013. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014.
  26. ^ "Metrolinx – One Million Customers Tap On With PRESTO". Newswire.ca.
  27. ^ "Metrolinx purchases CN Rail stations". Building.ca.
  28. ^ "Oshawa Express". Oshawaexpress.ca.
  29. ^ "Metrolinx buys 53-km track section, touts Kitchener GO upgrades". Cbc.ca. September 24, 2014.
  30. ^ "Metrolinx and Ivanhoé Cambridge to redevelop GO Bus Terminal into major transit, commercial and community hub". Metrolinx.com.
  31. ^ "Free WiFi Coming To 22 More GO Stations". Metrolinx.com.
  32. ^ "Metrolinx Expanding Section of Stouffville GO Line to Get Region Moving". Metrolinx.com.
  33. ^ "Metrolinx Expanding Barrie GO Line to Get Region Moving". Metrolinx.com.
  34. ^ "Metrolinx opens the new York GO Concourse in Union Station". Metrolinx.com.
  35. ^ "Union Pearson Express to launch June 6". The Toronto Star.
  36. ^ "GO Transit's new Hamilton station opens". The Toronto Star.
  37. ^ "Metrolinx claims computers hit by North Korean cyberattack". CBC News. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  38. ^ "The Metrolinx Act, 2006". Ontario Legislature. 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  39. ^ "The Big Move". Metrolinx. 2008. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
  40. ^ Kalinowski, Tess (May 27, 2013). "Metrolinx backs hikes in gas, sales tax, parking levy to fund the Big Move". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  41. ^ Torontoist. "Can the Metrolinx Investment Strategy Succeed?". Torontoist.com.
  42. ^ "Weekend GO Train service pilot for Barrie corridor this summer". Newswire.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  43. ^ "First GO Train Arrives In Niagara Falls". News.ontario.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  44. ^ "GO Transit is expanding train service to Kitchener-Waterloo, Guelph and Acton". Newswire.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  45. ^ a b "Construction completed at the new Allandale Waterfront GO Station". Newswire.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  46. ^ "Media Advisory – GO Transit Adjusts Service Starting January 5". Newswire.ca. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  47. ^ "Metrolinx Overview". Metrolinx.com.
  48. ^ "Transit procurement initiative". Metrolinx.com. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  49. ^ "Community Initiatives". Metrolinx.com. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  50. ^ Rumley, Jonathan (July 6, 2015). "Ontario unveils $4.9-million plan to expand Bike Share Toronto". CBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  51. ^ Kalinowski, Tess (July 6, 2015). "Bike Share Toronto to double with $4.9 million from Metrolinx". Toronto Star. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  52. ^ "Peter Kuitenbrouwer: Council makes it seem easier to build rail through the Rockies than to get transit to Scarborough". National Post. February 8, 2012.
  53. ^ "Metrolinx's usefulness now in question". The Globe and Mail. December 2, 2010.
  54. ^ "James: Spineless Metrolinx is failing transit users". Toronto Star. January 25, 2012.
  55. ^ Spurr, Ben (October 1, 2017). "Metrolinx finally releases report on controversial GO stations". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  56. ^ Spurr, Ben (September 16, 2017). "What is the Kirby GO station and why did it get approved?". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  57. ^ Janus, Andrea (December 5, 2018). "Ontario auditor general slams transit agency for millions in cost overruns". CBC News. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  58. ^ CBC Ottawa Morning radio interview, May 12, 2016
  59. ^ "OC Transpo costs could rise if Presto fees balloon by millions". CBC. May 12, 2016.
  60. ^ "Metrolinx Senior Management Team". Metrolinx.com. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  61. ^ "Metrolinx Senior Management Team". www.metrolinx.com. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  62. ^ "Board of Directors". Metrolinx.com. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  63. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/metrolinx-chair-resigns-from-board-1.4744600
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